Johanniterkommende Glatz

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Jesuit Convict Glatz (Kłodzko)

The former Johanniterkommende Glatz (also Malteserkommende Glatz ) was a branch of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in the then politically Bohemia and church to the Archdiocese of Prague belonging city Glatz . The Glatzer Kommende was built around 1243 by the Bohemian King Ottokar II Přemysl and was subject to a commander . In 1624/27 it was handed over to the Jesuits by the Bohemian ruler Ferdinand II . As compensation, the Johanniter received the Kommende Mailberg, then part of Moravia .

history

Already for the year 1183 the hospital of the order of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Glatz. Its members were also referred to as Johanniter or White Cross Lords . Around the year 1243, the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl transferred the patronage and pastoral care of the Glatzer parish church "Assumption" as well as its goods and income to the Knights of St. He assigned them the parish building next to the parish church, which was later referred to as Kommanderie or Kreuzhof , as their apartment . In 1291 his son King Wenceslas II gave them part of the income from his Koritau chamber estate for usufruct . In 1322 they received four interest hikes from Johann von Maltitz in Scheibe near Wünschelburg , and near Glatz they owned a farm that was still known as the Komturhof in the 18th century . Presumably at her request, two archbishops and ten bishops issued certain indulgences with a letter drawn up in Rome in 1295 to those who devoutly visit the Glatzer parish church and contribute to its maintenance. At this time the Johanniter Latin School already existed, which was attended around 1305-1310 by the future Archbishop of Prague, Ernst von Pardubitz , who spent his childhood in Glatz, where his father of the same name was burgrave . Before 1350 he founded the Augustinian canon monastery "Mons Maria" in Glatz , which he did not, however, allow to build a school out of consideration for the Johanniterschule. In his will he designated the Glatzer parish church, which was subordinate to the Johannites and in which he is said to have had an apparition of Mary as a boy , as his burial place. After his death in 1364, his successor Johann Očko von Wlašim approved the Glatzer Augustinian Monastery to set up a Latin school with a Konvikt . Therefore, there were long-running disputes between the Glatzer Johanniter and the Augustinians.

From the beginning of the 16th century, pastoral care at the parish church was mainly transferred to secular priests by the respective commander ( commander ), who was the actual pastor. During the Reformation they were supporters of the Lutherans and Schwenckfelders and Anabaptists and the commander of the years 1510–1540 belonged to the lay class . During the reign of the Wittelsbacher Ernst von Bayern , who campaigned for the re-Catholicization of the County of Glatz , his court preacher Magister Christophorus Naetius, who came from Salzburg, was appointed pastor and dean at the same time . After the death of Ernst von Bayern in 1560, Naetius resigned from this office in 1561, and his successors were again Lutherans. In 1565 the Johanniterschule was again occupied by Lutheran teachers. In 1591 the Johanniter wanted to exercise their patronage over the parish church again and appoint Catholic clergy, but could not assert themselves with the predominantly Lutheran population. In 1618 the town of Glatz, the judges and the Glatz nobility took part in the Bohemian class uprising . After the Battle of the White Mountain , Glatz was not recaptured by the imperial family until October 28, 1622. The rebels were punished with the withdrawal of their previous privileges, at the same time the practice of the Lutheran religion was forbidden by the Bohemian sovereign Emperor Ferdinand II . The Lutheran priests and teachers of the Johanniterschule had to leave Glatz.

Even before their return to Glatz, the then pledgee of the County of Glatz, Archduke Karl , promised the Glatzer Johanniterkommende to the Jesuits. They had already taken over the dissolved Augustinian Canons on Schlossberg in 1597, but had to leave Glatz when the Bohemian uprising broke out in 1618. Since their buildings of the former Augustinian monastery, which they had converted into a Jesuit college , were destroyed during the fighting for Glatz in 1622, after their return in 1624 they received the buildings of the Johanniterkommende and the Johanniterschule, which are located directly at the parish church.

The Johanniter had to hand over their coming from Glatzer along with the parish church and all associated goods and rights to the Jesuits on July 27, 1626, and on May 7, 1627 also transfer them the right of patronage over the parish church. The last commander of the Glatzer Johanniterkommende was Nikolaus Carolus Freiherr von Gaschin auf Rosenberg, who, for lack of other Catholic priests, had already transferred the administration of the Glatzer parish church to the dean Hieronymus Keck in 1622 .

To compensate for the loss of the Glatzer Kommende, the Johanniter and the Order of Malta received the Maidelberg estate from the emperor, which at that time belonged to Moravia . In 1628 the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, Antoine de Paule , confirmed the exchange. Confirmation by Pope Urban VIII followed on May 30, 1629.

Commander von Glatz as well as incidents during her term of office

  • Henry of Prague, documented for the year 1327, when the Breslau Duke Henry VI. , who was at the same time the lender of the County of Glatz, confirmed the usufruct of Koritau . In 1328 he acquired two interest hikes in Siebenhuben near Wünschelburg from Heinrich von Muschin ( Moschen ) .
  • Jakobus, acquired the village of Halbendorf near Glatz from the Glatz citizen Peschko Rücker in 1343. He and his successors were obliged by the Archbishop of Prague, Arnestus von Pardubitz , to hold a daily sung mass in the parish church of Glatz for his salvation. In return, the commander received the village of Chota in Bohemia (Latin: Lhota districtus Mutensis , German Lhota near Hohenmaut ).
  • Walther, attested for the year 1363 in connection with a measurement foundation.
  • Francis, attested for the years 1369 and 1381.
  • Stengil NN, occupied 1384
  • Matthias von Lemberg (= Löwenberg ), acquired a forest above Wernersdorf from Otto von Schnellenstein and his three sons in 1393 , which was subsequently referred to as the Komturwald . He received a piece of land in Birgwitz from Niklas Weis von Knoblauchsdorf .
  • Peter Brenstblecht was present as a witness when the pledgee Johann II von (Troppau) -Ratibor confirmed the Augustinian monastery’s privileges. In 1411 he bought 19 interest rods from Bartel von Rankau in Scheibe near Wünschelburg.
  • Wenceslas of Prague, documented for the years 1418/19.
  • Franziskus Jauraw, documented for the years 1423 and 1429. At that time there were six brothers living in the Glatzer Kommende.
  • Johannes Leo von Leobschütz , documented for the year 1431.
  • Heinrich von Rabenstein , attested 1437; In 1446 he was at the same time commander in Breslau and governor of the order in Silesia and Poland .
  • Jakob Czierwitz, attested for the year 1448, at the same time governor of the Order of Malta in Silesia and Poland.
  • Johannes, tried in 1467 together with the Augustinian provost Michael Czacheritz to solve the interdict imposed on the county . In 1469 the Komturhof burned down.
  • Mathias Czeyner, documented for the years 1475 and 1484.
  • Petrus von Crossen, took office of the Augustinian provost Benedikt Polkenhayn in 1489 with the authorization of the Prague administrators .
  • Caspar von Neuchâtel, in 1496 brought about a settlement with the Glatzer town council because of a way of cattle in Halbendorf. Also documented for the years 1504 and 1507.
  • Heinrich Hundt von Alt-Grottkau , documented in 1523 and 1525, at the same time governor of Glatz.
  • Christoph (or Hans of Prague), 1538
  • Hans Neubeck von Ilsfeld, from him in 1540 Ludwig von Pannwitz redeemed an interest from Mügwitz that the Kommende had had since 1342.
  • Laurentius Zahradecky was deposed in 1548 by the Grand Master of the Order of Malta.
  • Sebastian Bischof, testified to a purchase in Glatz in 1551.
  • Niklas von Waldau, documented 1551 to 1557.
  • Hans Caudier von Spiegel († 1579) in Glatz. He was Protestant and formally converted to Protestantism after the death of the Glatzer pawnman Ernst von Bayern . With Caudir's consent, a Lutheran preacher was installed at the Glatzer parish church in 1562. During his tenure, the Johanniterschule and the parsonage were built from stone; was the emperor's Turkish court interpreter and married; died in 1579.
  • D. Martin Widerinus, was in 1579 on imperial orders Glatzer Komtur. He was married too. Died in 1583 and was buried in the church of the Augustinian Provosty.
  • Johann Mahelius, documented in 1583, was also Komtur in Kleinöls .
  • Felician von Mosch and Morititz was appointed by the grand master in 1584. At the same time Commander of Löwenberg, Goldberg and Fürstenfeld .
  • Christoph von Wartenberg, attested in 1589, at the same time Colonel Master of the Johanniter in Bohemia.
  • Georg Zeiska von Olbromowitz ( Jiří Čejka z Olbramovic ), Bohemian Prior from 1612 to 1617, Commander of Glatz and Reichenbach . At the same time he was an imperial steward and castle captain in Prague. In 1613 he sold the share of Scheibau bei Wünschelburg to the town of Wünschelburg and acquired part of Eisersdorf .
  • Christoph von Walditz auf Wernersdorf , 1618 administrator.
  • Nikolaus Carolus Freiherr von Gaschin auf Rosenberg, who was also Komtur von Reichenbach and Fürstenfeld, was the last Komtur von Glatz. In 1622, for lack of other Catholic priests, he transferred the administration of the Glatzer parish church to the dean Hieronymus Keck .

literature

  • Joseph Kögler : The chronicles of the county Glatz. Revised and edited by Dieter Pohl . Volume 2: The parish and town chronicles of Glatz - Habelschwerdt - Reinerz with the associated villages. Pohl, Modautal 1993, ISBN 3-927830-09-7 , pp. 16-62 ( historical sources of the county of Glatz. Series A: Ortsgeschichte NF 2).
  • Arno Herzig , Małgorzata Ruchniewicz : History of the Glatzer Land. DOBU-Verlag et al., Hamburg et al. 2006, ISBN 3-934632-12-2 , pp. 29, 42 and 47.
  • Franz Sauermann: History of the Maltese coming Glatz from the Hussite period to the sale to the Society of Jesus. In: Franz Albert (Ed.): Festschrift on Dr. Franz Volkmer's 75th birthday. sn, Habelschwerdt 1921 pp. 44-92 ( Glatzer Heimatschriften 5, ZDB -ID 2520906-1 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Zdeňka Hledíková : Arnošt z Pardubic , Vyšehrad 2008, ISBN 978-80-7021-911-9 , p. 68
  2. ↑ Hans Kammermayer: Duke Ernst of Bavaria (1500-1560). Spiritual prince in the bishopric of Passau, archbishopric Salzburg and the county of Glatz (series of publications on Bavarian history 167), Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-406-10782-5 , p. 386f.

Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 15 ″  N , 16 ° 39 ′ 7 ″  E