Gashin (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Gashin, Barons von und zu Rosenberg 1653

The Counts of Gashin, Barons von und zu Rosenberg (Polish Gaszyński ; Czech Gašinští z Gašina ( Gaschinsky von Gashin )), were an ancient Polish noble family who acquired goods in Moravia and Silesia and rose to the rank of imperial count in 1653 .

history

origin

Legend has it that the ancestors of the family came to Poland from Germany during the eastern colonization. According to heraldry research, the representation of the coat of arms, which in Poland bears the name Berszten , speaks for this . She settled in the Principality of Wieluń in the Duchy of Greater Poland , which is first mentioned in 1395 with Hanzelinus de Gaschin, also z Gaszyn or Gaszyński , on Wierzchlas ( Werschels ), from the coat of arms of Berszten II.

The secured line of trunks begins with Jan Wierzcheyski von Gaszyn († after 1452), lord of Kobylagora near Schildberg , who was mainly wealthy in the duchies of Opole , Ratibor and Troppau as a fiefdom of the bishops of Olomouc .

Bohemia

St. Annaberg Monastery Church

In 1586 Johann Gassinsky von Gassjn was raised to the Bohemian knighthood , feudal lord on Katscher in the Duchy of Leobschütz . Since most of the members of the family were on the side of the Roman Catholic Habsburgs under Emperor Ferdinand II (HRR) , they rose in their social status during the Thirty Years' War and received imperial offices. This gave them possessions that brought further prestige and wealth. Among other things, they donated the pilgrimage site on Sankt Annaberg in Silesia , founded the Franciscan monastery there with a burial place for the family in the monastery church and had the 33 chapels of the Calvary built. As a result, the elevation to the Bohemian baron class with improvement of the coat of arms took place on April 5, 1621 in Vienna as Freiherr von und zu Rosenberg for Melchior Borromäus von Gaschin, Bohemian old gentleman , and later, on December 28, 1632 in Vienna, for the three brothers Niklas Karl Joachim Ludwig, Melchior Ferdinand and Hans Georg.

The emperor awarded Nikolaus Freiherr von Gaschin, Malteserkomtur von Maidelberg on January 7th, 1633 in Vienna the hereditary-Austrian count status with the predicate "Noble Herr von und zu Rosenberg", the Bohemian confirmation of the count status for the brothers Gaschin, lords von Rosenberg took place on 22nd June 1635 in Sopron . With the date of July 24, 1653 in Regensburg, the aforementioned brothers rose to the rank of imperial count , and the Herbländisch-Austrian confirmation of the predicate "High and well-born" in Vienna on February 4, 1655. The family died out in the name bearer with Ferdinand Graf von Gashin (1827-1894).

As a result of the possession of the Rosenberg dominion , in the Duchy of Opole in Upper Silesia , the Gaszyński family received the name extension "Freiherr von und zu Rosenberg" in the 17th century.

Line of trunks of the line in Silesia and Moravia

Melchior Ferdinand of Gashin
  • Nicholas Gaszyński of Gaszowic , Landschreiber in Wielun, on Wierzchlas and Gaschin, acquired in 1557 by his marriage with Magdalena, daughter of Nicholas Klena of Lotha called "Czapski" and Salomena of Zwolle, the Good Sudoll in Ratibor and the Moravian enclave Katscher that he received from the Archdiocese of Olomouc as a fief . Through these possessions he became a member of the Opole-Ratibor estates and was at the same time a fief of the Olomouc bishops. He was shot dead in Poland on September 20, 1583. The couple had two sons.
  • Johann Gassinsky von Gaschin was a feudal lord on Katscher, was admitted to the Bohemian knighthood in 1586 , died in 1610 without descendants and was buried in the Kreuzkapelle of the Dominican Church in Ratibor. His memorial stone has been preserved.
  • Melchior Borromäus von Gashin , lord of Wierzchlas and Rosenberg in the Duchy of Opole and Gross-Dittersdorf in Moravia , was a loyal supporter of the Habsburg emperor and opposed the Protestant-Lutheran rebels in 1618. He was rewarded after the battle of the White Mountain Admitted to the baron class on April 21, 1621 with the predicate “von und zu Rosenberg”, however, died shortly afterwards, in 1625 at the age of 80 and was buried in Ratibor . He was married to Margaretha Skall von Gross-Ellguth. They had six children. Her two daughters and four sons were raised to the rank of count on January 7, 1633 . The youngest son Johann Georg ( Hans-Georg ) Count von Gaschin, Freiherr von und zu Rosenberg, among others on Hultschin and other estates, became the progenitor of the count's house of Gashin.
    • Nikolaus Karl von Gashin († 1633) belonged to the Order of St. John and was the last Commander of the Johanniterkommende Glatz , at the same time Commander of Reichenbach and Fürstenfeld .
    • Joachim Ludwig von Gashin († 1633) was in the service of Archduke Karl of Austria, Bishop of Breslau .
    • Melchior Ferdinand von Gaschin (1581–1665), governor of Opole-Ratibor and the County of Glatz , president of the Silesian Chamber in Wroclaw from 1654 until his death .
    • Johann ( Hans ) Georg Graf von Gaschin, Freiherr von und zu Rosenberg , ancestor of the count's house, († on December 9, 1657 buried in Hultschin Castle and in Ratibor), inherited after the death of his father Nikolaus († September 20 1583) the fiefdom Katscher and in 1629 acquired the Hultschiner Ländchen belonging to the Duchy of Opava , to which several villages belonged in addition to the city of Hultschin and Hultschin Castle, and through marriage the Wyssoka estate . From 1652 until his death he was governor of the Duchy of Opava. His first marriage was to Susanne († before 1640), daughter of Adam Dzierzanowsky von Dzierzanow and Anna Kiczka von Pluschnitz. Second marriage, in Oberglogau on February 20, 1640 with Anna Maria (born February 20, 1640 in Czastalowitz ; † November 16, 1663 in Breslau, buried in Ratibor), daughter of Johann Otto von Oppersdorf , Baron von Aich and Friedstein, Captain of the old Bohemian Königgrätzer Kreis , and Anna Magdalena Rabenhaupt von Sucha. His second marriage had three sons and three daughters.
      • Georg Adam Franz von Gaschin (1643–1719), governor of the duchies of Opole and Ratibor. He was a student at the Catholic University of Leuven. In 1673 he married Countess Maria Josepha Saurau from Styria . After her death in 1681 he married the widow of the Supreme Bohemian State Marshal Adam Matthias von Trauttmansdorff , a née Lobkowitz from the House of Bilin . In 1655 he inherited the property of his uncle Melchior Ferdinand von Gashin. In the first marriage three sons were born.
      • Rudolf von Gashin (1653–1715) inherited the rule of Hultschin in 1658 and was governor of Opava from 1690.
      • Johanna Emerentiana († 1735), was married to the widowed Franz Ferdinand von Gallas since 1668. Their son Johann Wenzel von Gallas (1669–1719) received the honorary title of Viceroy of Naples at the end of his diplomatic career .
      • Katharina Benigna von Gaschin († after 1699) remained unmarried and donated objects for the Carmelite convent in Prague several times.
      • Anna Ludmilla von Gaschin (1642–1700) entered the Carmelite convent in Prague in 1666 together with her unmarried aunt Franziska Ursula von Oppersdorff (1629–1688).
  • Amand Leopold Erdmann Eduard Graf von Gaschin (born August 17, 1815 in Żyrowa ; † March 25, 1866 in Breslau) at Castle Polish Krawarn , feudal lord on Katscher, Knight of Honor of the Order of Malta ; 1837 married to Fanny Countess Leszczyc von Sumin-Suminska on Neu-Grabia in West Prussia (* 1818, † July 16, 1879 in Polish-Kravarn). Her daughter Wanda Franziska Malvine von Gaschin (* December 7, 1837 in Żyrowa, † Polish-Krawarn August 30, 1908), the last fiefdom of Katscher, married Hugo II. Count Henckel von Donnersmarck on May 15, 1856 in Polish-Krawarn M. de Gefäll and Wiesdorf (out of the house Bytom ), on Bielschowitz and Semianowitz , honorary knight of the Order of Malta († April 2, 1908 in Brynnek-Semianowitz), from the older line Bytom, this later princely race, which 1808/1809 the Inkolat in Bohemia and in 1821 the Bohemian count. Her descendants, with the family name Henckel-Gaschin since 1911 , lived in Kravarn Castle until the end of World War II.
  • The last descendant of the Gashin male line was Count Ferdinand von Gaschin on Podersdorf am Neusiedler See and feudal lord on Katscher (born June 7, 1827). He was married to Maria Amalia Bucher from Dresden. The couple lived in the Villa Rochus near Neisse and had offspring. Ferdinand died on January 21, 1894 and was the last Count von Gaschin, Freiherr von und zu Rosenberg to be buried in the family crypt in the pilgrimage church on Annaberg in Silesia.

coat of arms

a) “Berszten II”: Two golden plow wheels in blue over golden palisades.

b) Gashin family coat of arms: In silver a red rose, on the crowned helmet with red-silver covers a natural peacock bump.

c) Count's coat of arms from 1653 Square shield with heart shield . In the silver heart shield, covered with a golden crown, hovers a large, red, five-petalled rose without a stem, the leaves of which have a golden border (Rosenberg). 1 in blue a crowned, ascending, golden lion placed inside; 2 in gold, a blue eagle with outspread wings and claws and a golden crown; 3 divided horizontally: the upper smaller half gold without picture, the lower larger blue and covered at the foot of the field with a pointed silver crossbar; 4 in blue two gold wheels with six spokes side by side. Count's crown and three crowned helmets. On the right is the eagle of the 2nd field facing inwards; in the middle a triple peacock's tail, each with three feathers, to which the rose of the shield of the heart is attached, and from the helmet on the left grows a golden crowned lion. Blue and gold helmet covers.

This is how Wissgrill describes the coat of arms and so it can be found in the Book of Arms of the Prussian Monarchy (Vol. VIII, 6.). Other images show some deviations in relation to the heart shield and fields 3 and 4 of the main shield. So shows z. B. the red heart shield covered with a prince's hat a silver bar covered with a red rose ( coat of arms , reminiscence of the Austrian shield of the imperial Habsburgs ); Field 3 is now divided diagonally by blue and gold with seven points, the middle one, the largest, and now also by gold and blue; the wheels in the 4th field are sometimes placed diagonally to the right, sometimes obliquely left, etc.

Johann Friedrich Seyfart's “The Complete Book of Arms of the World” (1771) shows for the Counts of Gaschin in a serrated blue-gold shield above two golden wagon wheels next to each other. On the crowned helmet with blue and gold blankets an open blue flight. This is a variant of the Polish community coat of arms Berszten .

  • Coat of arms of the Knights of Gashin 1586

  • Coat of arms of the Barons von Gashin von und zu Rosenberg 1633

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Gashin, barons von und zu Rosenberg, variation different from the WB

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Gashin von und zu Rosenberg after Dorst von Schatzberg's Silesian coat of arms book 1847

Former possessions

The imperial counts of Gashin were among the richest families in Upper Silesia. Towards the end of the 18th century, the family continued to own the towns of Ellgut bei Woischnik, Lohne, Albrechtsdorf, Kobillno , Lowoschau , Annaberg , Gogolin , Krempa , Oleszka , Poremba , Sakrau , Blaseowitz , Dziergowitz , Gniewof bei Warmenthal (Ciepły Dół), Jaborowisz , Loni, Nieznaszyn , Ostrosnitz , Podlesch , Przewos , Przeborowitz (Przedborowice) Roszowice , Sakrau with Puhlau , Sukowice , hot Thal (Ciepły DOL), Czeplydoll, Bierdzahn , Ellguth, Turawa , Kadlub , Prenzow, Tylla, kotórz mały , Kotórz Wielki , Rzenzow , Sakrau, Baditz, Klein Dirschel, Kauthen, Polish Neudorf and Langenau. The estates Freistadt , Odersch (Oldřišov) and Hrabtswy were sold earlier by the family.

literature

  • Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Supplementary volume, edited by the board of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) Research Center for the Bohemian Lands. Munich 1990, Gashin line from Gaszynski von Gaszyn from the coat of arms Berszten II, in Bohemia Gassinsky von Gassjn, ISBN 3-486-54051-3 .
  • Petr Maťa: Anna Ludmilla Countess Gaschin (1642–1700). In: Joachim Bahlcke (Ed.): Schlesische Lebensbilder . Volume 9, Insingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-7686-3506-6 , pp. 191-198.
  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 197, 221, 303, 429, 444, 469, 539, 573, 588.
  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places. Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 208f, 517.
  • Augustin Bogislaus Weltzel : Pomniki pobożności po ślacheckiej rodzine hrabiów z Gaszyna w Górnym Śląsku . Uniwersytet Opolski, Opole 2003, ISBN 83-906929-3-7 .
  • Włodzimierz Kaczorowski, Roman Sękowski: Gaszynowie - zagadka pachodzenia i herbu. [The von Gashin - Riddle to Origin and Coat of Arms], In: Śląsk Opolski. (2000), No. 2, pp. 45–52 (on discrepancies in the genealogical details)
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the German count's houses to the year 1871, p.290 Gashin von und zu Rosenberg

Web links

Commons : Gaschin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga : The Polish family coat of arms, their history and their legends . Hamburg 1904, p. 100 .
  2. ↑ A. Gasiorowski: Urzednicy dawnej rezeczypolitej XII-XVIII wieku . No. 2.1 . Breslau 1985, p. 165 .
  3. ↑ Inscriptiones castrenses Wielunenses in the State Archives Warsaw
  4. ↑ Country table in the Duchy of Opole and Ratibor 1523 and of the Duchy of Oppau after 1530.
  5. ^ Roman von Procházka , board member of the Collegium Carolinums (ed.): Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Supplementary volume. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1990, p. 5.
  6. ↑ Bohemian country table hall books. Volume XLIV, pp. 707-713.
  7. ↑ Bohemian country table hall books. Volume XLVIII, pp. 106-133.
  8. ^ Procházka novel: Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Supplementary volume. Published by the board of the Collegium Carolinum, Research Center for the Bohemian Lands. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1990, p. 54.
  9. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon. Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, Limburg (Lahn) 1978, p. 41.
  10. ↑ Augustin Bogislaus Weltzel : History of the Ratiborer Archipresbyterat . Ratibor 1885, p. 198 f .
  11. ↑ Roman von Procházka, board of directors of the Collegium Carolinums (ed.): Genealogical manual of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Supplementary volume. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 1990, Gaschin series, p. 53 f.
  12. ^ Jan Harasimowicz , Matthias Weber: Aristocracy in Silesia. Volume 1: Rule - Culture - Self-Presentation. Roßdorf (Polish edition Warsaw) 2010, p. 216. (digitized version)
  13. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : German count houses of the present: in heraldic, historical and genealogical relation. Volume 1: AK. Verlag TO Weigel, Leipzig 1852, p. 261 f.
  14. ↑ Johann Friedrich Seyfart : The serene world complete book of arms. Volume 2, part 3, Nuremberg 1771, plate 142 (digitized version)
  15. ↑ Kasper Niesiecki : Herbarz Polski. Lipsk 1839-46.
  16. ↑ https://books.google.de/books?id=g4n4oexGXS0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=gaschin&f=false