Turawa

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Turawa
Coat of arms of the Turawa municipality
Turawa (Poland)
Turawa
Turawa
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Opolski
Gmina : Turawa
Geographic location : 50 ° 45 '  N , 18 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '0 "  N , 18 ° 4' 0"  E
Height : 165 m npm
Residents : 1137 (March 31, 2013)
Postal code : 46-045
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : OPO
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Opole – Kluczbork
stops at Kotórz Mały and Osowiec Przystanek
Next international airport : Katowice



Turawa is a village in the powiat Opolski of the Polish Opole Voivodeship . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name with almost 10,000 inhabitants.

geography

Location of Turawa on the Turawa reservoir

Geographical location

Turawa is located in the historical region of Upper Silesia in the Opole region . The place is fourteen kilometers northeast of the district town and voivodeship capital Opole ( Opole ).

Turawa lies in the Nizina Śląska ( Silesian Plain ) within the Równina Opolska ( Opole Plain ). The place lies on both sides of the Mała Panew (Eng. Malapane ), a right tributary of the Oder . To the east of the village is the Turawa reservoir (Polish Jeziora Turawskie ), a dam with the tributaries of the Malapane and Libawa.

Districts

The hamlet of Marscholken (Polish: Marszałki ) on the right of the Malapane belongs to the village itself .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring towns of Turawa are in the north the hamlet of Marscholken ( Marszałki ), in the south Groß Kottorz ( Kotórz Wielki ), in the southwest Klein Kottorz ( Kotórz Mały ) and in the west Wengern ( Węgry ).

history

Turawa Castle on an engraving from the mid-19th century
Castle in Turawa
Castle chapel with a baroque tower
former stables

The village is mentioned for the first time in 1562. The name Turawa is derived from the Polish word tur and means aurochs .

Turawa Castle was built between 1728 and 1730. After the First Silesian War in 1742, Turawa and most of Silesia fell to Prussia .

After the reorganization of the province of Silesia which belonged rural community Turawa from 1816 to district Opole in the administrative district of Opole . In 1845 there was a castle with a castle chapel, a Vorwerk, a forest ranger's office, a brick factory, a Catholic school and 71 houses in the village. In the same year 581 people lived in Turawa, 59 of them Protestants and one Jewish. In 1858 Turawa had 702, in 1861 723 inhabitants. In 1874 the Turawa district was founded, which consisted of the rural communities Friedrichsfelde, Groß Kottorz, Klein Kottorcz, Kobyllno and Turawa and the manor districts Kobyllno and Turawa. The first head of office was the Majorate, Count von Garnier.

In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 320 eligible voters voted to remain with Germany and 133 for Poland. Turawa remained with the German Empire . In 1933 there were 854 inhabitants. Between 1933 and 1938 the Turawa reservoir was created east of Turawa . In 1939 the place had 885 inhabitants. Until 1945 the place was in the district of Opole .

Shortly before the Red Army marched in, the bridge over the Malapane was blown up on January 21, 1945. The following day the Red Army marched into the village. The Russian soldiers murdered six people in the village and burned 20 houses, including the school and the bank. Turawa Castle served as the residence of a Russian commandant until autumn 1945. The last village head of Turawa was Peter Kupka, who had held the office since 1919. In 1945 the previously German place came under Polish administration and initially joined the Silesian Voivodeship. The German population was largely expelled. Some of the newly settled residents were displaced from eastern Poland . The use of the German language and the Silesian dialect was forbidden until 1989 and was punished as an offense. In 1950 the place came to the Opole Voivodeship. In 1954 a new school building was built. In 1999 the place came to the re-established Powiat Opolski. In 1982 there were 998 people in the village. On March 8, 2012, additional official German place names were introduced in Gmina.

Attractions

Turawa Castle

Turawa Castle was built between 1728 and 1730 in the late Baroque style by Martin Scholz von Löwenckron. In 1751 and 1760–1761, the palace was expanded to include a palace chapel and the north wing including the entrance gate. In the second half of the 19th century, the von Garnier family completely rebuilt the castle and received its current appearance in the styles of Baroque and Rococo. In 1937 an orphanage was set up in the castle. The last owner of the castle was Hubertus von Garnier , who left the estate with his family in 1945 and died in Unterwössen in 1952 . In 2012 his urn was brought to Turawa and buried at the palace. In 1945 the interior of the castle was destroyed by soldiers of the Red Army . In 1949 a children's home was set up in the castle.

More Attractions

  • Royal stables and coach house of the castle
  • Former castle park with numerous natural monuments
  • Old Mill (now Stary Młyn Turawa Restaurant )
  • St. Leonhard's Chapel

societies

local community

The rural community (gmina wiejska) Turawa is divided into eleven villages with school boards. The Turawa reservoir belongs to the municipal area .

Partner communities

Web links

Commons : Turawa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population of the municipality of Turawa (Polish) (accessed on May 2, 2018)
  2. ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 700.
  3. ^ History of Turawa
  4. ↑ Heinrich Adamy: The Silesian place names their origin and meaning . Verlag von Priebotsch`s Buchhandlung, Breslau 1888, p. 63
  5. ↑ a b c Jerzy Farys: Księga historii Ziemi Turawskiej, Opole 2013, pp. 569−660 (Polish)
  6. ^ Turawa Territorial District
  7. ^ Results of the referendum in Upper Silesia of 1921 for the Opole district ( memento of January 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) on home.arcor.de, accessed on August 18, 2015.
  8. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Opole (Polish: Opole). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Silesia: Opole district - list of places. In: genealogienetz.de. May 27, 2001, accessed August 18, 2015 .
  10. ^ Franz-Josef Sehr : Professor from Poland in Beselich annually for decades . In: Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 2020 . The district committee of the district of Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg-Weilburg 2019, ISBN 3-927006-57-2 , p. 223-228 .
  11. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Polish Ministry of Public Administration and Digitization: List of municipalities according to Article 12 of the law of January 6, 2005 on national and ethnic minorities and the regional language )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / mac.gov.pl
  12. ^ History of Turawa Castle
  13. ^ Dřevohostice: Polish community Turawa