Hans Caudir

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Hans Caudir von Spiegel , also called Johannes Gaudier Spiegel von Strependorf (* beginning of the 16th century in the Duchy of Liegnitz - Brieg ; † August 30, 1579 in Glatz , County Glatz ) was Komtur der Johanniterkommende Glatz . He worked as an interpreter and translator of the Turkish and Persian languages for the emperors Ferdinand I , Maximilian II and Rudolph II .

Life

Hans Caudir, called Spiegel, came from a noble family whose name is probably related to the Kauder ( Kłaczyna ) moated castle near Bolkenhain ( Bolków ) in the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer . He was born in the Duchy of Liegnitz-Brieg and grew up there.

Acquisition of knowledge of the Turkish, Arabic and Persian languages

Caudir acquired his knowledge of the Turkish and Persian languages ​​in words and ( Arabic ) writing during several years as a prisoner of war in Turkey .

In the First Austrian Turkish War, Emperor Charles V (1500–1558) and King Ferdinand I (1503–1564) had also participated from 1526 onwards from Silesia. In 1529, a princely convention in Breslau approved a Silesian troop contingent and a Turkish tax . In the Turkish wars, Johanniter-Maltese knights were used on various occasions.

Imperial interpreter and commander in Lossen

Around 1541 Caudir took over the newly created post of "Turkic Tulmätschen" in Vienna . In 1544 King Ferdinand I confirmed Caudir's nobility and granted him a coat of arms improvement . 1549 officiated "Hanß Caudier called Spigel, royal Bohemian interpreter of the Turkish language" as Commander of the Johanniter - Coming Brieg and Lossen ; Sebastian vom Hor and Johann Hofemann were its administrators. Under the influence of Duke Frederick II of Liegnitz and Brieg (1480–1547), the area of ​​both committees had become Protestant as early as 1523/25. 1546 Frederick II. The pastors cast right over the Brieger Kommendators itself so that it is in the Commendatore to Brieg probably a Titularanspruch of Lossener Kommendators Caudir acted.

Translation of the "History of the Ottomans"

Jerome Beck of Leopoldsdorf (1525-1596) had his pilgrimage to Palestine in 1551 the font Ta'rīḫ-i Al-i'Oṯmān (= history of the Ottomans ad) of Muhyiddin Ibn Alaeddin Ali El-Cemali (Muhyi'd-Din Mehmed b.'Alā' -Dīn ʿAlī al-Ǧamālīʾ; Mollâ Çelebî) brought from Turkey , the contemporary abridged version of an old Ottoman chronicle . It was the first Turkish work on the origin of the Ottomans and their history to be known in Europe. Hieronymus Beck gave the manuscript (the so-called Codex Beccanus ) to King (from 1558 Emperor) Ferdinand I, who had it translated into German by his interpreter Hans Caudier called Spiegel. Markus Ambrosius von Brosenthal (* around 1530/35; † after 1592) from Neisse ( Nysa ) got the translation published in 1567, which he gave to Dukes Georg II of Brieg (1523–1586) and Heinrich XI. von Liegnitz (1539–1588) dedicated.

The Viennese nuncio Girolamo Martinengo (1504–1569), abbot of Leno , sent documents from Cardinal Georg Martinuzzi (1482–1551), the governor of Transylvania , to the Turkish commander in chief in Hungary Kara Ahmed Pascha († 1555) and the chief interpreter of the High Porte İbrahim Bey alias Joachim Strasz († 1571) and confirmed that the translation of the Turkish written documents from the possession of the deceased cardinal into German by "Joannes Spiegl juratus interpres" had been carried out. Caudir's salary as "Türckhisch Tulmetsch" or "Dülmatschen" was initially 20 guilders , in 1554 25 guilders per month.

Commander of the Johanniterkommende Glatz

As the successor of Niklas von Waldau (Welda), Hans Caudir became Commander of the Glatzer Johanniterkommende of the Order of Sanct Johannis Hierosolymitani (St. John of Jerusalem) in 1558 .

Promoter of Protestantism

The new (" jetzo ") Komtur "Hanns Candior Spiegl", imperial interpreter of the Turkish language, was accused in the same year of having appointed a young priest from Thuringia, who was ordained in Laibach , as the city pastor, who had previously - still as chaplain of this Parish - to a sick nobleman from Silesia who " Communion sub utraque specie ... from the Lutheran Catechismo ... consecrated ... and passed". The report of an imperial visitation commission headed by the Bohemian councilor Wenzel Haugwitz von Biskupitz from Leitomischl stated in July 1558 - while the commander was vacant - that this new chaplain Nicolaus, who was otherwise pardoned, “once” a “ called by Adel Spiegel “the Lord's Supper had served in both forms . The Glatzer court preacher and archdeacon Christoph Neaetius († 1574) later reported the same thing. This “mirror” cannot be Hans Caudir - who was known to Neaetius - but must have been another person with this surname, perhaps a relative.

After the death of the Wittelsbacher Ernst von Bayern (1500–1560), who had resided in Glatz since 1556 as a pledger of the County of Glatz , which was part of Bohemia , and had practiced a Counter-Reformation , Emperor Ferdinand I dissolved his successor Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria ( 1528–1579) 1561 the pledge from. After that, Protestant religion became possible again in the county. With the approval of the Governor of Christian Mucheck of Buckau († 1572) and the Commander Hans Caudier called mirror, which the parish set state at the parish church of St. Assumption were, by the magistrate of the city in the wake Lutheran appointed pastor to Glatz: 1562 Magister Johann Prague , 1563 Magister Abraham Zenckfrey († around 1610) and 1564 Andreas Eising the Elder. Ä. (1524-1591). Hans Caudir also agreed that the Johanniter Latin School was passed into the administration of the magistrate in 1561, replaced by a new building in 1565 and occupied by Lutheran teachers. The headmaster of the school - initially Martin Schmid, from 1570 Martin Sturm (* around 1539; † 1593) - provided the commander with a free table at his " Kreuzhoffe ".

Further activity for the imperial court

Even after taking over the Komtur in Glatz and turning to Protestantism, Hans Caudir remained in the service of the Habsburgs as an interpreter . Against the cession of - from the year 1562 the Latin translation of the Ottomans is Transylvania and Upper Hungary to John Sigismund Zápolya and an annual tribute of 30,000 Hungarian ducats to the Porte - closed for eight years ceasefire agreement obtained "Ioannes Gaudiceius , Spiegelus dictus, Ferdinandi interpres “from Turkish and Arabic. The "Bunds und Friedsbrieff" ( confoederationis et pacis litterae ), which Sultan Süleyman I had issued in Constantinople at the beginning of September, was issued on November 27, 1562 by the Turkish ambassador İbrahim Bey (Joachim Strasz) on the occasion of the coronation celebrations for King Maximilian II in Frankfurt am Main handed over. The contract had been brokered by the Habsburg ambassador to Constantinople Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq , who worked with the Ottoman delegation via Sofia, Belgrade, Tolna, Budapest ("Ofen"), Esztergom ("Gran"), Komárom, Vienna, Prague, Bamberg and Würzburg had come to Frankfurt. The court interpreter Caudir was very likely present at the delivery; It was soon found through its translation that the Turkish version of the document differed in several essential points from the Latin version handed over by İbrahim Bey.

In 1564 King Maximilian II summoned the aristocratic servant Spiegl to the state parliament in Linz on May 28th (Monday after Trinity ) , which was announced by Emperor Ferdinand I to pay homage to Austria ob der Enns ( Upper Austria ); the court should come to Vienna in the week before Pentecost to continue their journey. In September 1564, too, Hans Caudir seems to have stayed at the Viennese court. In 1566 "Hans Spegel" took the emperor's entourage as "Röm. Kay. May. Hofdiener, so auff… two horse salary ”, participated in the Augsburg Reichstag .

His salary was 30 guilders per month under Emperor Maximilian II in 1567, his colleagues Sigmund Gentsch and Lucas Dragschütz (Drachschütz, Träckschitz; probably: Lukaš Dragšić), both also interpreters for the Turkish language, received 20 guilders and 15 guilders respectively. In 1570 “Thulmetsch… Hanns Caudir, called Spiegel von Schrepfendorff” took part in the Reichstag in Speyer .

As a member of the court of Rudolph II (1552–1612), "Tulmatsch Hannß Caudier genandt Spiegl von Schrependorff" received 30 guilders until his death. Leonhard Krentzheim (1532–1598), the superintendent of the Duchy of Liegnitz, had Caudier convert the year “ 1561 ” of the Christian calendar into the year “968” of the Islamic calendar for a publication . In 1577 Caudir sent the translations of two Turkish discs by Sultan Murad III. and a letter to the court from the Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha .

Marriage and last years

Without renouncing his position as commander, Hans Caudir von Spiegel married in 1564. His wife Dorothea "Cautterin" († after 1581) survived him. Caudier's successor as Commander of the Order of St. John in Glatz was Martin Widerin von Ottersbach († 1583).

Epitaph

In 1888, during renovation work in the gymnasium (former Jesuit college Glatz , previously the Johanniterkommende Glatz building until 1626, today Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Bolesława Chrobrego w Kłodzku ), the marble slab of his grave inscription was found, the left margin of which is damaged and needs to be supplemented:

[Año] 1579 den 30 tag Augustii umb
[vj]r ist in Got Selligklich entschlaffen
[der] Edle Ernueste Her hanß Caüdir Spigel g:
[n]t võ Strep̃dorf. Rö. Kay. Mãt. Turckis
[cher] Tolmetsch ṽd volẽchtiger Cõthuher Cõ
[thu]rei Glotz dem Got genadt. Amẽ
In modernized spelling:
Anno 1579, the 30th day [of] August at 4 [o'clock], the noble, honorable Mr. Hans Caudir Spiegel called von Strependorf (Strebendorf, Stroppendorf, Streuendorf or similar?) Fell asleep in God blessedly, [the] Roman imperial majesty of Turkish interpreters and benevolent commander [the] Commandery Glatz, grace to God. Amen. 

New edition of the translation of the "Chronicle of the Ottomans"

After its first publication, the Chronica Oder Acta from the Tuerckische Tyrannen come from the Tuerckische Tyrannen vnd wars remained relatively unnoticed, until Johannes Löwenklau (1541–1594) after his return from Constantinople in Vienna was able to see the Turkish original in addition to this translation, which was in the book collection of Emperor Rudolph II . was kept. With the help of a certain "Stephan" from Hungary , who spoke Turkish, Arabic and Persian, Löwenklau reissued the book in 1588, first in Latin, then in 1590 also in German.

swell

  • Gaudier, called Spiegel, Johann, Turkish and Persian interpreter for Emperor Ferdinand I, confirmation of nobility, improvement of the coat of arms , February 23, 1544; Austrian State Archives Vienna (General Administrative Archives, Aristocratic Archives, Imperial Nobility Files 136.40)
  • Letter from George Martinusiu (= Georg Martinuzzi) to Hebray-paşa (= İbrahim Bey) dated October 1551 with a certificate from Hieronymus Martinengus (= Girolamo Martinengo) to Achmath Passa (= Kara Ahmed Pascha) and Hebray Passa from Vienna dated February 17, 1552 In: Nicolae Densușianu ( edit .): Documente privitóre la Istoria Românilor 1531–1552 . Bucharest 1894, no. Ccccvi, p. 636f ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Report of the Imperial Commissaries listed below for the visitation in the County of Glatz on the success of this visitation in religious matters ... and with regard to the Anabaptists and other sects residing there. 1558. July 5th . In: Klement Borový: Jednání a dopisy konsistoře katolické i utrakvistické , vol. II Akta konsistoře katolické (Monumenta Historiae Bohemicae. Staré paměti dějin českých 5/2). Ignaz Leopold Kober, Prague 1869, No. 771, pp. 229–235 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( Google Books )
  • Report that a priest from the Order of the Crosses gave a Silesian nobleman the evening meal sub utraque. 1558 . In: Klement Borový: Jednání a dopisy konsistoře katolické i utrakvistické , vol. II Akta konsistoře katolické (Monumenta Historiae Bohemicae. Staré paměti dějin českých 5/2). Ignaz Leopold Kober, Prague 1869, Vol. II, No. 776, p. 241f ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( Google Books )
  • Franz Volkmer , Wilhelm Hohaus ( arrangement ): Constitutiones Synodi Comitatus Glacensis in causis religionis, 1559. The deanery books of Christophorus Neaetius, 1560, and Hieronymus Keck , 1631 . (Historical sources of the County of Glatz 3). J. Franke, Habelschwerdt 1884, p. 19 ( digitized ; djvu format from Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa - Silesian Digital Library)
  • Hans Caudier, called Spiegl, transmits the translation of two Turkish letters from the sultan and Mehmet Pascha , October 2, 1577; Austrian State Archives Vienna (Finance and Court Chamber Archives, Collections and Selections, Imperial Files: 278 Legations, Turkey, No. 7, Pages 26-27)

Works (translations)

  • Exemplary sive Copia Literarum Creditoriarum eidem Legato (= Ebraimo Strotschenio , nato Polono) in causa induciarum octennalium ad Romanum imperium à Turcarum Imperatore (= Solymanno ) datarum (1562). In: Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq : Legationis Turcicae Epistolae quatuor , ed. by Ludovicus Carrio. Andreas Wechel's heirs, Claude de Marne and Johannes Aubry, Hannover 1605, pp. 342-349, cf. P. 339 ( Google Books )
    • (reprinted in :) Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq: Opera omnia , ed. by Ludovicus Carrio. Elzevir , Leiden 1633, pp. 453-462, cf. P. 449 ( Google Books )
    • (German translation) Copey of Credencz and Instructio [n], according to Ebrahim Strotsch , the Turkish Keyser's legacy, for Key. and kings May. Also other Chur and princes of the empire, in Turkish language has laid down . In: Good description, ... like highly thought Maximilian, ... at Franckfurt am Mayn, the 24th of Nouemb. des reported 1562nd Jars, elected by the six electors to the Roman king, ... also Ebrahim Strotschen, that Turkish Keysers Bottschetzt, for Rom. Key. Mt. also other Chur and princes, attach, with sampt his wonderful gifts ... were personally and have appeared . Georg Rabe, Sigmund Feyerabend , Weigand Han Erben, Frankfurt am Main 1562, pp. 194–208 ( Google Books )
    • (Another German translation) Copy or Copey of the Vereinynigung Brieff so d [er] Türckisch Key. Solyman the Rö. Key. Ferdinand went to Franckfurt am Mayn on the coronation of King Maximilian through his ambassadors sent the eight-year peace in 1562 . In: Antoine Geuffroy, Nicolaus Höniger : Other part of the Turkish histories and truthful stories, deeds, actions ... so between the Turks and Christians from the jar MDXX. bit on the MDLXXVIII. jar ... occurred . Sebastian Henricpetri , Basel 1578, p. Clxx – clxxiiij ( Google Books )
    • Diploma porro pacis octennalis , quod a Ioanne Gaudiceio, Spiegelo dicto, Ferdinandi interprete, linguae Turcicae et Arabicae admodum perito, in Latinum versum esse (September 1, 969 = 1562). In: István Katona : Historia Critica Regvm Hvngariae. Stirpis Avstriacae, ex fide domesticorvm et exterorvm scriptorvm concinnata , 4th book, vol. XXIII Ab Anno Christi MDLVIII. Ad Annum Usque MDLXIV . Weingand & Koepf, Buda 1799, pp. 598–607 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
  • Marcus Brosian (= Markus Ambrosius von Brosenthal) (Ed.): Chronica or Acta from the Turkish tyrants come from and fought wars from Turkish languages ​​pre-Germanized by Hans Caudier Spiegel. Never went out in print before. Johann Eichorn , Frankfurt an der Oder 1567 ( digitized version of the Austrian National Library Vienna)
  • Johannes Löwenklau (Ed.): Annales Sultanorum Othmanidarum , a Turcis sua lingua scripti,… a Joanne Gaudier dicto Spiegel, interprete Turcico Germanice translati. (With a dedication letter from Hans Caudir called Spiegel to Emperor Ferdinand I). Andreas Wechel's heirs, Claude de Marne and Johannes Aubry, Frankfurt am Main 1588 ( digital copy from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
    • Johannes Löwenklau (Ed.): Annales Svltanorvm Othmanidarvm . 2nd edition Andreas Wechel's heirs, Frankfurt am Main 1596 ( digitized version of the Augsburg University Library), ( Google Books ).
    • Johannes Löwenklau (Ed.): Annales Sultanorum Othmanidarum, A Turcis sua lingua scriptis . In: Laonikos Chalkokondyles : Αποδειξις ιστοριων δεκα (Apodeixis Historiōn Deka) / Historiarum Libri Decem . ( Corpus Byzantinae historiae 16). Typographia Regia, Paris 1650, (bound) pp. 303–350 ( digitized version of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France Paris)
      • 2nd ed. Bartholomaeus Javarina, Venice 1729, (bound) pp. 237–271 ( digitized version from the Austrian National Library Vienna), ( digitized version from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
      • Johannes Löwenklau (Ed.): Annales Sultanorum Othmanidarum a Turcis sua lingua scriptis . In: Laonikos Chalkokondyles: Αποδειξις ιστοριων δεκα (Apodeixis Historiōn Deka) / Historiarum libri decem . ( Patrologia Graeca 159). Jacques-Paul Migne , Paris 1866 (reprint: Brepols, Turnhout 1966), pp. 573–650 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich)
  • Chronica Der Türckischen Sultanen, Ottoman family , described by Türcken himself, and by Herr Hieronymum Beck von Leopoldstorff, Röm. Keys. Mayest. HofCammer Rath anno 1551. Brought from Constantinopol. The following out of the Turkish language translated into German by Hansen Gaudier, called Spiegel, at one time Keyser's Ferdinandi interpreting the same language, and conferred with the Turkish copy by Hansen Lewenklau. In: Hans Löwenclau von Amelbeurn : Neuwe Chronica Türckischer Nation von Türcken itself described, later increased and divided into four books: The First, Gitabi Teuarichi, Chronic or Zeitbuch der Fürsten Ottoman, from their origins ... to the Sultan Suleiman Chan , and the 1550th jar Christi . Andreas Wechels Erben, Frankfurt am Main 1590, pp. 1–53 ( archive.org ).
    • 2nd edition. Andreas Wechel's heirs, Frankfurt am Main 1595 [and other editions].

literature

  • Dimitrie Cantemir : The History of the growth and decay of the Othman Empire . James, John and Paul Knapton, London 1734, p. Xj f ( digitized version of the Biblioteca Digital Hispánica)
    • History of the Ottoman Empire after its growth and decline , Vol. I. Christian Herold, Hamburg 1745, pp. 50–52 ( Google Books )
  • Emil Beck: The memorial stone of the Glatzer Johanniterkomturs Hans Caudir Spiegel. (With an autograph sketch.) . In: Quarterly journal for the history and local history of the County of Glatz. 10, 1890/91, pp. 181-183 ( Google Books ; limited preview), ( Digitalisat  - Internet Archive ).
  • Carl Ausserer : On the early history of Ottoman studies . In: Islam. Journal for the History and Culture of the Islamic Orient 12 (1922), pp. 226–231
  • Franz Albert: A commission letter for Cauder v. Mirror (1561) . In: Glatzer Heimatblätter 15 (1929), p. 138 f.
  • Franz Albert: How Commander C. Spiegel came to Glatz (1558). In: Glatzer Heimatblätter 17 (1931), p. 141 f.
  • Arno Herzig : Reformatory movements and denominationalization. The Habsburg re-Catholicization policy in the County of Glatz . (Hamburg publications on the history of Central and Eastern Europe 1). Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 1996.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Emil Beck: The memorial stone of the Glatzer Johanniterkomturs Hans Caudir Spiegel. (With an autograph sketch.) . In: Vierteljahrsschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde der Grafschaft Glatz 10 (1890/91), pp. 181–183.
  2. ↑ Marcus Brosian: Chronica or Acta from the Turkish tyrants come from and fought wars . Johann Eichorn, Frankfurt an der Oder 1567, unpaginated (dedication preface).
  3. ↑ Confirmation of the nobility and improvement of the coat of arms, 1544: Fideli nobis dilecto Joanni Gaudier, Spiegel appellato, Turcicae et Persicae Linguae Interpreti nostro… per plures annos in captivitate apud Christiani nominis hostes Thurcas ; Carina Lee Johnson: Negotiating the Exotic. Aztec and Ottoman Culture in Habsburg Europe, 1500-1590 . (Ph. D. diss.). University of California, Berkeley 2000, p. 147.
  4. ↑ Ernst Dieter Petritsch: Adventurer or Diplomat? A contribution to the diplomatic relations of Ferdinand I with the Ottomans . In: Martina Fuchs u. a. (Ed.): Emperor Ferdinand I. A Central European ruler . (History in the epoch of Charles V 5). Aschendorff, Münster 2005, pp. 249-261, especially p. 253.
  5. ^ Heinrich Wendt: Silesia and the Orient. A historical review . (Representations and sources on Silesian history 21). Ferdinand Hirt, Breslau 1916; Karl Sczodrok : Silesia’s Part in the Turkish Wars . In: Der Oberschlesier 15 (1933), pp. 481–488.
  6. ^ Christian d'Elvert : The constitution and administration of Austrian Silesia in their historical formation . Rudolf Rohrer Erben, Brno 1854, p. 84.
  7. ^ Robert L. Dauber: Johanniter-Malteser-Ritter under imperial flags 1523-1918 . Weißhaupt, Gnas 2007.
  8. ^ Ernst Dieter Petritsch: The Viennese Turkology from the 16th to the 19th century . In: Klaus Kreiser (Ed.): Germano-Turcica. On the history of learning Turkish in German-speaking countries . (Writings from the Bamberg University Library 4). Universitätsbibliothek, Bamberg 1987, pp. 25-40, especially pp. 25f and 33-35.
  9. ^ A b Dorothee von Velsen: The Counter Reformation in the principalities of Liegnitz-Brieg-Wohlau . (Sources and research on the history of the Reformation 15). Heinsius, Leipzig 1931, p. 6 with note 9 ( Google Books ).
  10. ↑ As early as 1322 there was a Conrad called Spiegel Komtur in Lossen; see. Colmar Grünhagen (edit.): Documents from the city of Brzeg . (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 9). Josef Max, Breslau 1870, p. 12 ( Google Books ).
  11. ^ Regest of a document dated December 13, 1549, issued in Lossen; Maximilian Unterlauff: Neisser documents in the diocesan archive of Breslau , Part II. In: Report of the Scientific Society Philomantie in Neisse 34 (1906/08), pp. 1–52, esp. No. 248, p. 29 ( PDF der Digitale Library Opole).
  12. ↑ Colmar Grünhagen (edit.): Documents from the city of Brieg . (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 9). Josef Max, Breslau 1870, p. 211, cf. P. 14.
  13. ^ Judge in Adrianople , completed the writing in 1550.
  14. ↑ The complete text is in the so-called "Veranzischen Chronik" from the former property of the Gran archbishop Antun Vrančić (1504-1573) received; see. Carl Göllner : Turcica. The European Turkish prints of the XVI. Century , Vol. II 1551–1600 . (Bibliotheca bibliographica Aureliana 23). Editura Academiei, Bucharest / Körner, Baden-Baden 1968, p. 177.
  15. ↑ Klaus Kreiser: The Ottoman State 1300-1922 . Oldenbourg, Munich 2008, p. 80.
  16. ^ A b Franz Sartori : Historical-ethnographic overview of the scientific culture, intellectual activity and literature of the Austrian Empire according to its diverse languages ​​and their educational levels , Vol. I. Carl Gerold, Vienna 1830, p. 384.
  17. ↑ = sworn translator .
  18. ^ Karl Oberleitner: Austria's finances and warfare under Ferdinand I. (Archive for Austrian History 22). Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1859, p. 228.
  19. ^ Friedrich Firnhaber: The court of King Ferdinand I in 1554 . In: Archive for customer of Austrian historical sources 28 (1861), pp. 1–28, esp. P. 28.
  20. ↑ See Klement Borový: Jednání a dopisy konsistoře katolické i utrakvistické , Vol. II Akta konsistoře katolické (Monumenta Historiae Bohemicae. Staré paměti dějin českých 5/2). Ignaz Leopold Kober, Prague 1869, No. 771, p. 230, also p. 234.
  21. ↑ a b Aloysius Bach : Documented Church History of the County of Glaz . Gustav Fritz, Breslau 1841, pp. 120 and 397 ( Google Books ).
  22. ↑ Klement Borový: Jednání a dopisy konsistoře katolické i utrakvistické , vol. II Akta konsistoře katolické (Monumenta Historiae Bohemicae. Staré paměti dějin českých 5/2). Ignaz Leopold Kober, Prague 1869, Vol. II, p. 235.
  23. ↑ Klement Borový: Jednání a dopisy konsistoře katolické i utrakvistické , Akta konsistoře katolické (Monumenta Historiae Bohemicae. Staré paměti dějin českých 5/2). Ignaz Leopold Kober, Prague 1869, Vol. II, pp. 230 and 269.
  24. ↑ From Rottersdorf near Jena, Dr. theol., court preacher of the Salzburg electors Ernst von Bayern, from 1556 in Glatz, later married and left his spiritual offices aside.
  25. ^ Franz Volkmer, Wilhelm Hohaus ( arrangement ): Constitutiones Synodi Comitatus Glacensis in causis religionis, 1559. The deanery books of Christophorus Neaetius, 1560, and Hieronymus Keck, 1631 . (Historical sources of the County of Glatz 3). J. Franke, Habelschwerdt 1884, p. 19.
  26. ↑ Lutheran patron saint ; see. Georg Buchwald (arrangement): Wittenberger Ordiniertenbuch. Volume II: 1560-1572. G. Wigand, Leipzig 1895, p. 61.
  27. ^ A b Regest of a document from Emperor Maximilian II from January 18, 1572, Vienna; Berthold Bretholz (arrangement): The documents in the Glatzer Ratsarchiv . (Historical sources of the County of Glatz 6/2). Association for Glatz Local History, Glatz 1927, No. 232, p. 76 f.
  28. ^ Eduard Ludwig Wedekind: History of the county of Glatz . Friedrich Wilhelm Fischer, Neurode 1857, p. 257f ( Google Books ).
  29. ↑ a b c Arno Herzig: Reformatory movements and confessionalization. The Habsburg re-Catholicization policy in the County of Glatz . (Hamburg publications on the history of Central and Eastern Europe 1). Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 1996, p. 61 f. and 83.
  30. ↑ From Wankten near Liegnitz , had to clear the rectory in Glatz in 1604, then pastor in Habelschwerth ; see. Aloysius Bach: Documented Church History of the County of Glaz . Gustav Fritz, Breslau 1841, p. 406.
  31. ^ Regest of a document dated January 28, 1564, Glatz; Berthold Bretholz (arrangement): The documents in the Glatzer Ratsarchiv . (Historical sources of the County of Glatz 6/2). Association for Glatzer Heimatkunde, Glatz 1927, No. 226, p. 74f ( digitized ; djvu format from Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa - Silesian Digital Library).
  32. ↑ Also: Eißing, Ising, from Löwenberg , pastor 1546 in Lemberg , 1553 to 1563 in Brieg ; see. Siegismund Justus Ehrhardt: Presbyterology of Evangelical Silesia , Vol. II / 1. Johann Gottfried Pappäsch, Liegnitz 1782, p. 53 f. ( Google Books ).
  33. ↑ Martin Schmid, Georg Hentzner: Monumentum inaugurationis et administrationis scholae Glacensis recens extructae . Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566.
  34. ↑ Erich Kruttge, Wilhelm Schulte, Paul Prohasel: Festschrift to celebrate the three hundredth anniversary of the Royal Catholic High School in Glatz 1597–1897 . L. Schirmer, Glatz 1897, p. 79 f. ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  35. ↑ Erich Kruttge, Wilhelm Schulte, Paul Prohasel: Festschrift to celebrate the three hundredth anniversary of the Royal Catholic High School in Glatz 1597–1897 . L. Schirmer, Glatz 1897, p. 84.
  36. ↑ Disfigured from "Gaudireius" or "Gaudierius".
  37. ↑ = called Spiegel, Ferdinand's translator .
  38. ↑ Michael Beuther: Ordinary Verzeychniß, which shape, the recommendation and the coronation, of the… Prince… Mr. Maximilian… Roman… King… at Franckfurt am Main… 1562… happened . David Zöpfel, Frankfurt am Main 1563, unpaginated ( digitized from the Bavarian State Library, Munich).
  39. ↑ Harriet Rudolph: Turkish embassies into the empire at the beginning of the modern age - staging of power, experience of foreignness and culture of remembrance. Ibrahim Bey's embassy in 1562 . In: Marlene Kurz (Ed.): The Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy . Oldenbourg, Vienna 2005, pp. 295-314 ( PDF from the University of Regensburg).
  40. ↑ Natale Conti : Universae historiae sui temporis libri triginta. From anno 1545. usque ad annum 1581 . Damianus Zenarus, Venice 1581, p. 305f ( Google Books ) = Soltmanus Imperator Turcarum Ferdinando Caesari Romano , Constantinople, September 1, 969 (= 1562). In: Nikolaus Reusner (Ed.): Operis collectanei epistolarum Turcicarum liber IX. X. & XI. Kollitz, Frankfurt am Main 1599, pp. 95-97 ( Google Books ). This accompanying letter from the Sultan is not identical to the actual text of the contract.
  41. ^ Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq: D. legationis Turcicae. Epistula 4. & ultima , Frankfurt am Main, December 16, 1562. In: Legationis Turcicae Epistolae quatuor , ed. with dedication letter from Louis Carrion to Nicolas Michaut (Micault, Miscault) (1518–1589) dated February 1, 1581. Aegidius Beys, Paris 1589, Bl. 117–162, esp. Bl. 117, 151 and Bl. 155–162 ( Google Books ) = Nikolaus Reusner (Ed.): Operis collectanei epistolarum Turcicarum liber IX. X. & XI. Kollitz, Frankfurt am Main 1599, pp. 98-101 ( Google Books ).
  42. ^ German translation by Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq: Fourth and last send letter . In: Four letters from the Turkish Bottschaft . Endter, Nürnberg 1664, pp. 484-691, especially pp. 632 and 648-652 ( Google Books ).
  43. ↑ Miklós Istvanffy : Historiarum de rebus Ungaricis libri XXXIV . Anton Hierat, Cologne 1622, p. 422 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  44. ↑ Diploma porro pacis octennalis , quod a Ioanne Gaudiceio, Spiegelo dicto, Ferdinandi interprete, linguae Turcicae et Arabicae admodum perito, in Latinum versum esse. In: István Katona: Historia Critica Regvm Hvngariae . Weingand & Koepf, Buda 1799, pp. 598-607.
  45. ^ Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall : History of the Ottoman Empire , Vol. II. Hartleben, 1828, p. 390f ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  46. ↑ At the same time, cupbearer Isaak von Seydlitz zu Gaussig , cupbearer Wenzel von Dohna , pre-cutter Johann von Wartenberg , panatier Heinrich von Schleinitz , cupbearer Duke Karl II. Von Münsterberg-Oels , Oskerowsky (Proskowski von Proskau ?), That of Leobrickh, head coach Johann von Boskowitz and Černahora (Tschernohor) called Šembera († 1597), cupbearer Bernard ze Žerotína (von Zierotin ) († 1602) zu Strážnice (Straßnitz), Steffen Humaney called Drugetus ( Drugeth István de Homonna ) and Georg Waletzky (Valenskhy); Walemzkhy from Mirow.
  47. ^ Regest of April 27, 1564 in: Anton Ritter von Perger : Excerpt from King Maximilian II's Copey book from 1564 . In: Archive for customer Austrian history sources 31 (1864), pp. 193-272, esp. No. 115, p. 219 ( Google Books ).
  48. ↑ Entry Was für Hofgesindt von Adl this time not at the court and request letter to the absent Hofgesindt from September 26th 1564 with: Anton Ritter von Perger: Excerpt from King Maximilian's II. Copey book of 1564 . In: Archive for Customer Austrian History Sources 31 (1864), pp. 193-272, esp. No. 228 and 229, pp. 245f ( Google Books ).
  49. ↑ Nicolaus Mameranus: Kurtze un [d] actual verzeychnus ... aller ..., so at the Diet of Augspurg, in Jar 1566 ... appeared . Matthias Franck, Augsburg 1566 ( Google Books ).
  50. ↑ A. d. H (?) .: Court of Emperor Maximilian II from 1567 . In: Allgemeine Europäische Journal 3 (1795), pp. 44–80, especially p. 57 ( Google Books ); in addition, “Hanns Spiegel” received a service fee of 20 guilders as a “servant on zway Pherdt”; P. 51.
  51. ↑ Maximilian Lanzinner (arrangement): The Reichstag in Speyer 1570 , vol. II files and parting . (German Reichstag files 1,2). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, p. 992.
  52. ↑ Joseph Chmel ( edit .): Document sheet no. II ... Ruedolff the Annder of God's approved Adult Roman Emperor ... Order vnd hofstat (continued) [around 1577/78]. In: Oesterreichisches Archive for History, Geography, State Studies, Art and Literature 1/50 (1831) of April 26, 1831, supplement pp. 5–8, especially p. 5 ( Google Books ); Jaroslava Hausenblasová: The court of Emperor Rudolf II. An edition of the court registers 1576–1612 (Fontes Historiae Artium 9). Artefactum, Prague 2002, p. 321, section 58/1.
  53. ^ Leonhardus Krentzheim: Chronologia. That is, thorough and diligent annual calculation, Sam [m] pt listing of the most terrific stories, changes and coincidences . Ambrosius Fritsch, Görlitz 1577, sheet 392 ( digitized version from the Austrian National Library, Vienna); see. Sheet 162 ( Google Books ).
  54. ↑ Dr. jur., royal councilor of appeal in Prague , married Lucretia Agricola, daughter of Georgius Agricola († 1555), from Chemnitz in 1580 .
  55. ↑ a b Emil Beck: The memorial stone of the Glatzer Johanniterkomturs Hans Caudir mirror. (With an autograph sketch.) In: Vierteljahrsschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde of the County of Glatz. 10, 1890/91, pp. 181–183, esp. P. 182, reads "Streṽdorf (Streuendorf)" and assumes that Streuhof near Trebnitz ( Trzebnica ) is meant. The parallel references “Schrependorff” and “Schrepfendorff” show, however, that the grapheme “p” (as in “Spigel”) can be read; the tilde "~" as an abbreviation character indicates a following "(e) n".
  56. ↑ A Silesian "Rostropa", "Stroppendorf" or "Streppendorf" in Schönwälder dialect "Strepedrof", now part Ostropa is 1286, 1482 and 1534 at Gleiwitz ( Gliwice occupied).
  57. ↑ From Bruges, also Louis Carrion (1547–1595).
  58. ↑ Excerpt from: Miklós Istvanffy: Historiarum de rebus Ungaricis libri XXXIV . Anton Hierat, Cologne 1622, p. 422 = Historia Regni Hungariae . Johannes Thomas Trattner, Vienna / Prague / Triest 1758, p. 260 ( Google Books ).
  59. ↑ Kitāb-i tevārīḫ-i = كتاب تواريخ = history book .
  60. ↑ Based on a Latin manuscript Incrementorum et decrementorum Aulae Othmanicae sive Aliothmanicae historiae a prima gentis origine ad nostra usque tempora deductae , around 1720; ed. by Virgil Cândea and Dan Slușanschi. Amarcord, Timişoara (Timisoara) 2001.
  61. ^ Emil Felix Heinrich Beck (* 1845; † after 1911) from Liegnitz; Teacher for Latin, Greek, French, history, geography and philosophical propaedeutics in Gliwice and Leobschütz , high school professor at the Royal Catholic High School in Glatz, 1896 to 1903 (em.) At the Royal Catholic St. Matthias High School in Breslau, then in Hirschberg .
  62. ^ Franz Willi August Albert (1876–1944) from Strasbourg ; Studied in Freiburg i. Br. And Innsbruck, 1901 chaplain in Soufflenheim, 1904 priest in Strasbourg, 1906 division pastor in Mörchingen (Morhange), 1908/09 in Berlin, 1909 in Allenstein (Olsztyn), 1912 garrison pastor in Glatz, 1914 field division pastor, 1916 army chief pastor of the 10th Army , 1920 pastor at the military district command in Stettin, then in Glatz, 1938 local pastor in Würzburg, 1939–1943 deputy military district pastor in Nuremberg, regional historian and activist for "Germanness" in the county of Glatz.
personal data
SURNAME Caudir, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Caudier Spiegel, Hanns; Gaudir von Spiegel, Johannes; Gaultier, Johann; Gaudiceius Spiegelus dictus, Ioannes (wrong name form); Candior Spiegl, Hanns (wrong name form)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Commander of the Order of St. John and imperial interpreter for Turkish, Arabic and Persian
DATE OF BIRTH 16th Century
PLACE OF BIRTH Duchy of Liegnitz - Brieg
DATE OF DEATH August 30, 1579
Place of death Bald