Markus Ambrosius

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Markus Ambrosius von Brosenthal , also Marcus Brosian ( Polish: Marek Ambroży z Brosenthalu ; * around 1530/35 in Neisse ( Nysa ), Principality of Neisse ; † after 1592) was a German humanist and early Paracelsist who worked as a writer , heraldist , cartographer , mining entrepreneur and Mintmaster was active.

Life

Markus Ambrosius von Brosenthal was born in Neisse into a German-speaking family. His father was perhaps called Silvester Ambrosius, because in 1557 an "Ambrosius Siluestri Nissensis dioc. Vratislauiensis ”at the University of Krakow . However, the first name of the student would then not be mentioned - unlike in the matriculation. Another argument against such a late study is that the doctor, poet and later Paracelsus editor Adam Schröter (* around 1525; † around 1572) dedicated a poem Ad modestum Iuvenum Marcum Ambrosium Silesium to the young Markus Ambrosius around 1552/53 .

Map of Livonia by Johannes Portantius with Abraham Ortelius (1572) based on older cartographies by Markus Ambrosius and Caspar Henneberg

After completing his studies, Markus Ambrosius spent some time in Gdansk , in the Baltic States and from around 1561 to at least 1563 in Antwerp .

Antwerp: Journalism in the Livonian War

According to a note by the Flemish geographer Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598), Ambrosius was the first to draw a map of “ Livonia ” ( Livonia , Courland and Estonia ) in Antwerp , which was not published independently, but in two separate traces in the “ Theatrum orbis terrarum "by Ortelius (edited by Johannes Portantius) and in the atlas" Speculum orbis terrarum "by Gérard de Jode (* around 1508, † 1591).

Published in 1562 Markus Ambrosius in Antwerp, armorial Arma Regni Poloniae [= coat of arms of the Kingdom of Poland] . As sources he used the chronicle of the Council of Constance of Ulrich von Richental († 1437) and a manuscript by Jan Długosz (1415-1480). The coats of arms of the areas of Royal Prussia autonomously under the Polish crown are not included in the book. On the frontispiece of the book there is a dedication image of King Sigismund II August of Poland (1520–1572).

Around 1563, Markus Ambrosius proposed the establishment of a Cyrillic printer (" Ruthenia calcographia ") to the printer Willem Silvius († 1580) in Antwerp . This script was used to reproduce the Ruthenian language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . Ambrosius contributed to the first edition of Klemens Janickis (1516–1543) Vitae Regum Polonorum elegiaco carmino descriptae [= life stories of the Polish kings, described in an elegiac poem] , which Willem Silvius published. The publication, with which a Polish-Lithuanian royal ancestry was honored, relates to the rapprochement between Lithuania and Poland in the conflict with Russia in the Livonian War that led to the Union of Lublin in 1569 . This union then also included Royal Prussia with the city ​​republic of Danzig, to which Ambrosius was connected.

Publication of Paracelsian writings in Neisse

From the period between 1564 and 1567, there are some manuscripts with works by Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim called Paracelsus (* around 1493; † 1541), which are now in libraries in Görlitz, Wolfenbüttel, Erlangen or Munich and were copied by the Monogram "M. B. "were signed. It should be "M [arcus] B [rosian]" = Markus Ambrosius von Brosenthal. In 1566, Ambrosius published two Paracelsus prints in the office of Johannes Cruciger († presumably 1585) in Neisse . The first editions of the Liber de nymphis with De massa and the Meteora , he dedicated both to the Gdańsk mayor Constantin Ferber (1520–1588) as his “sponsor” ( patron ). The doctor Laurentius Span von Spanow (1529 / 30-1575) from Saaz ( Žatec ), a crowned poet , received from Markus Ambrosius unprinted manuscripts of Paracelsus to read, including the text De urinarum et pulsuum judicis libellus , which Ambrosius allowed him to publish. In 1566 Span published this work on Harnschau and Pulse Diagnosis , a Basel lecture by Paracelsus from 1527, with a dedication to Vratislav von Pernstein in Neisse.

Publication of the "History of the Ottomans"

Mark Ambrose of Brose Thal (Marcus Brosian) published in 1567 under the title Chronica or Acta of the Türckische tyrants come vnd gefürten wars a German translation of the Scriptures Ta'rīḫ-i Al-i'Oṯmān (= history of the Ottomans ) of Muhyiddin Ibn Alaeddin Ali El- Cemali (Muḥyi ʾd-Dīn Meḥmed b. ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn ʿAlī al-Ǧamālīʾ; Mollâ Çelebî), which was made from Turkish by the commander of the Johanniterkommende Glatz Hans Caudir († 1579) . Ambrosius dedicated his edition to the dukes George II of Brieg (1523–1586) and Heinrich XI. von Liegnitz (1539–1588) as a New Year's gift.

. George II of Brzeg had in 1562, the alum - and copper water - mine - and Siedewerk at Wohlau ( Wołów purchased) on the "Kuppertham". On April 9, 1567, Markus Ambrosius and consorts received from the duke a " Muthschein " (mining law approval letter) for the mining of " smoke minerals on saltpeter , alum, salt and watery kind God the Almighty would like to make out of it now and in the future" in the principality Wohlau . The search for new methods of transmutation that is echoed in the formulation shows alchemo- Paracelsist ideas.

The humanist Bartholomew Scultetus (1540-1614) reported on July 20, 1569 in his diary ( diary ) from a meeting with Mark Ambrose and Adam Schroeter to him by Schröter this year, published in Krakow Latin edition of Paracelsus' Archidoxa brought, and on March 7, 1573 of a meeting with Ambrosius and Caspar IV. von Schönberg (1526–1586) in Görlitz . Markus Ambrosius may also have had connections with the imperial personal physician, chemist and Paracelsist Johann Scultetus Montanus (1531–1604) in Görlitz.

Mining captain and mint official in Reichenstein

Gold coin ( ducat ) of Wilhelm von Rosenberg with the mint master's mark “MA”, 1584

1581 to 1592 Markus Ambrosius von Brosenthal was Reichensteiner Berghauptmann and chief mint official of the Bohemian Oberstlandesämmerers Wilhelm von Rosenberg (1535–1592), who took over the Reichenstein ( Złoty Stok ) rule in 1581 from Duke Heinrich III. von Münsterberg-Oels (1542–1587) had acquired. Wilhelm von Rosenberg was a supporter of the so-called hermetic sciences and alchemy .

Silver medal of Wilhelm von Rosenberg, 1588

In 1582 the minting of ducats began. Markus Ambrosius' mint mark was a monogram composed of the letters M and A. His mint masters were Adam Hartmann von Haugsdorf and Leesdorf and Valentin Harnisch († 1598), coin sticks and Obereisen supplied the coin engraver Matthes Kauerhase († 1627) from Breslau . In 1585 Markus Ambrosius was commissioned by Wilhelm von Rosenberg to inform the Breslau bishop Andreas von Jerin († 1596) about mining matters in Reichenstein. Ambrosius resigned from his office in 1592. His successor in Reichenstein was the coin administrator Christoph Tuchmann († around 1610) from 1592–1596.

Marek Ambrożewski from Ostroróg

According to an older theory, Markus Ambrosius, the author of the Arma regni Poloniae, was identified with a certain Marek Ambrożewski, a form cutter from Ostroróg near Poznan . His descendant was probably Matthias Ambroscius (Maciej Ambroski) (* around 1600, † 1646) from Ostroróg, who was (1620, 1622) at the Schönaichianum grammar school in Bytom Odrzański and (1626) at the grammar school in Thorn ( Toruń ) in 1627 Rector in Ostroróg and in 1632 pastor of the Bohemian Brothers in Żychlin .

swell

  • Literature letter from Markus Ambrosius to Konstantin Ferber from May 12, 1566 from Neisse. In: Wilhelm Kühlmann, Joachim Telle (eds.): Corpus Paracelsisticum. Documents of early modern natural philosophy in Germany , Vol. II Der Frühparacelsismus , Part 2. (Early Modern Age 89). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2004, pp. 550-561, cf. P. 567f ( Google Books ; limited preview); ( Digitized ; djvu format at Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa - Silesian Digital Library)
  • Literature letter from Laurentius Span von Spanau to Wratislaus von Pernstein from June 1, 1566 from Neisse. In: Wilhelm Kühlmann, Joachim Telle (eds.): Corpus Paracelsisticum. Documents of early modern natural philosophy in Germany , Der Frühparacelsismus , Vol. II Der Frühparacelsismus , Part 2. (Early Modern Age 89). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2004, pp. 562-570
  • Literature letter from Adam Schröter to Albert Laski from May 1, 1569 from Krakow. In: Wilhelm Kühlmann, Joachim Telle (eds.): Corpus Paracelsisticum. Documents of early modern natural philosophy in Germany , vol. II Der Frühparacelsismus , part 3. (early modern period 170). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2013, pp. 95–174 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Reports from Markus Ambrosius von Brosenthal to Wilhelm von Rosenberg from February 2, 1582, undated 1582 and May 6, 1584 from Reichenstein from the Rosenbergisch - Schwarzenbergisches Archiv Wittingau (today: Státní oblastní archiv v Třeboni ). In: Max Donebauer: Description of the collection of Bohemian coins and medals . A. Haase, Prague 1888, p. 386 note 3 ( Google Books )

Works

  • Marcus Ambrosius: Arma regni Poloniae . o. o. o. J. [Aegidius Coppenius Diesth, Antwerp 1562]
    • 2nd edition n.d. n.d. [s. n., Kraków (Kraków) around 1572] (reprint (facsimile) prepared by Tytus Działyński , edited by Władysław Bartynowski, Kraków 1882) ( digital copy of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( Google Books )
    • 3rd edition, dedicated to Henri de Valois (as King of Poland-Lithuania), n.d. n.d. [s. n., probably Paris 1573/74]
  • Markus Ambrosius (Ed.): Ex libro de Nymphis, Sylvanis , Pygmaeis , Salamandris , & Gigantibus & c. Item From the Massa from which man was created. Theophrasti Paracelsi Philosophi & Medici incomparabilis. Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566 ( digitized ; djvu format from Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa - Silesian Digital Library)
  • Markus Ambrosius (ed.): Meteora Theophrasti Paracelsi von Hohenheim, both Artzney Doctoris . Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566
    • (Reprint) The book Meteororum, by the noble and highly educated Mr. Avreoli Theophrasti von Hohenheim, called Paracelsi, by the Artzney Doctoris . Arnold Birckmann Erben, Cologne 1566 ( Google Books )
  • Marcus Brosian (Ed.): Chronica or Acta from the Turkish tyrants come from and fought wars from Turkish languages ​​pre-Germanized by Hans Caudier Spiegel. Never went out in print before. Johann Eichorn , Frankfurt an der Oder 1567 ( digitized version of the Austrian National Library Vienna)

literature

  • Eduard Fiala : Description of the collection of Bohemian coins and medals of Max Donebauer , vol. IA Haase, Prague 1889, pp. 385–387 ( Google Books ; limited preview); Vol. II. A. Haase, Prague 1890, plate LVII
  • Eduard Fiala: The coins of Messrs Wilhelm and Peter Vok von Rosenberg . In: Georges Cumont, Alphonse de Witte (eds.): Congrès international de numismatique (1891). Procès-verbaux et mémoires . J. Goemaere, Brussels 1892, pp. 374–382, esp. 376–378 ( Pdf ; 31.87 MB)
  • Karl Sudhoff : Bibliographia Paracelsica. Discussion of the publications published under Hohenheim's name from 1527–1893 . Georg Reimer, Berlin 1894 (reprint: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1958), pp. 120–124 and 699 ( digitized at OpenLibrary)
  • Carl Ausserer : On the early history of Ottoman studies . In: Islam. Journal for the History and Culture of the Islamic Orient 12 (1922), pp. 226–231
  • Karol Buczek: Ślzący w kartografii polskiej XVI wieku [= Silesians in Polish cartography of the 16th century] (Polski Śląsk. Odczyty i rozprawy 29). Wydawnictwa Instytutu Śląskiego, Kattowitz (Katowice) 1937
  • Zygmunt Wdowiszewski: Marek Ambroży z Nissy i jego "Arma Regni Poloniae" z 1562 r [= Markus Ambrosius von Neisse and his "Arma Regni Poloniae" from 1562] . In: Polskie Towarzystwo Heraldyczne 13 (1934), pp. 166–170 and 177–186 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • London Coin Galleries: [auction catalog] The Preussag Collection , Vol. I. Künker, London October 30, 2015, No. 501–505, pp. 223–225 ( Google Books ; limited preview)

Remarks

  1. ↑ = Ambrosius, [son of] New Year's Eve, from Neisse in the diocese of Breslau.
  2. ↑ Also Jean portant, mathematician, astronomer and cartographer from Ghent.
  3. ^ "Date for Neis the 22nd day of Decembris, Anno 1566".
  4. ↑ = whatever.
  5. ↑ Also Johann Schultheiss vom Berg from Striegau (Strzegom), probably died in Hirschberg (Jelenia Góra).
  6. ↑ 1557 to 1579 Viennese mint master. His father, mint master Hans Hartmann, had bought festivals and lordship of Leesdorf near Baden in 1571 .
  7. ↑ Also Obracht Łaski or Albertus a Lasco (1536–1605), Voivode of Sieradz.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See dedication letter to Konstantin Ferber dated May 12, 1566. In: Markus Ambrosius (ed.): Ex libro de Nymphis, Sylvanis, Pygmaeis, Salamandris, & Gigantibus & c. Item From the Massa from which man was created. Theophrasti Paracelsi Philosophi & Medici incomparabilis. Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566: "vns Germans".
  2. ^ Adam Chmiel (arrangement): Album studiosorum Universitatis Cracoviensis , Vol. III (from Anno 1551 ad annum 1601) . Józef Filipowski, Krakau 1896, p. 26 ( digitized ; djvu format from Małopolskiego Towarzystwa Genealogicznego - Lesser Poland Genealogical Society).
  3. ↑ a b Cf. Zygmunt Wdowiszewski: Marek Ambroży z Nissy i jego "Arma Regni Poloniae" z 1562 r [= Markus Ambrosius von Neisse and his "Arma Regni Poloniae" from 1562] . In: Polskie Towarzystwo Heraldyczne 13 (1934), pp. 166-170 and 177-186, especially p. 179.
  4. ↑ a b See Wilhelm Kühlmann: Art. Schröter, Adam . In: Walther Killy: Literaturlexikon , Vol. X. 2nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2011, pp. 596f.
  5. ↑ Elegiarum Liber Vnus. Item Epigrammatum Liber unus . o. o. o. J. [Łazarz Andrysowicz, Cracow approx. 1552/53], El. XIIII.
  6. ↑ See Wilhelm Kühlmann, Joachim Telle (ed.): Corpus Paracelsisticum. Documents of early modern natural philosophy in Germany , Vol. II / 3. (Early modern period 170). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2013, pp. 95–174, esp. Pp. 95 and 97f ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  7. ↑ See dedication letter to Markus Ambrosius (ed.): Meteora Theophrasti Paracelsi von Hohenheim, both Artzney Doctoris . Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566.
  8. ↑ a b c See dedication letter from Willem Silvius to Jakub Zalewski (Jacobus Zalevius). In: Klemens Janicki: Vitae regvm Polonorvm elegiaco carmine descriptae . Willem Silvius, Antwerp 1563, esp. Page 2 "hoc biennio [= during those two years]" ( digital copy of the Austrian National Library in Vienna), ( Google Books ).
  9. ↑ "Marcus Ambrosius Nissensis, Liuoniam, Vicinasq [ue] Regiones, Antuerpiae, sed nondum edita"; Theatrum orbis terrarum . Aegidius Coppenius Diesth, Antwerp 1570, unpaginated ( digitized at OpenLibrary).
  10. ^ Johann Koler, Nuremberg 1572 (reprint Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2007).
  11. ↑ Gérard de Jode, ed. by Daniel Keller. Lucas van Doetichum, Antwerp 1578 (reprinted by Raleigh Ashlin Skelton. S. N., Amsterdam 1965).
  12. ↑ Cf. Leo Bagrow ( arrangement ): A. Ortelii Catalogus Cartographorum , Vol. I. (Petermanns Mitteilungen. Supplementary booklet 199). Perthes, Gotha 1928 (reprint: Acta Cartographica 27 (1981), pp. 65-357), p. 27.
  13. ↑ a b Cf. Stefan Krzysztof Kuczyński: Polskie herby ziemskie: geneza, treści, funkcje . Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw 1993, p. 117.
  14. ↑ Michael Richard Buck (Ed.): Ulrich von Richentals Chronik des Constanzer Concils 1414 to 1418 . (Library of the literary association in Stuttgart 158). H. Laupp, Tübingen 1882 ( digitized at OpenLibrary).
  15. ↑ See Владислав Крескентьевич Лукомский (Vladislav Kreskentʹevič Lukomskij): Герб как исторический источник [= coat of arms as a historical source] . In: Краткие сообщения Института истории материальной культуры 17 (1947), pp. 49-57.
  16. ↑ Jan Długosz: Insignia seu clenodia regni Poloniae , ed. by Zygmunt Celichowski. Biblioteka Kórnicka, Posen (Poznań) 1885 ( digitized at OpenLibrary).
  17. ↑ a b See Wilhelm Kühlmann, Joachim Telle (ed.): Corpus Paracelsisticum. Documents of early modern natural philosophy in Germany , Vol. II / 2. (Early modern era 89). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2004, pp. 550-561, especially pp. 550f.
  18. ↑ See Michał Wiszniewski: Historya literatury polskiéj , Vol. VIII. Stanisław Gieszkowski University Printing House, Kraków (Kraków) 1851, p. 439 (there: “1565”) ( Google Books ).
  19. ↑ See Linas Eriksonas. National Heroes and National Identities. Scotland, Norway and Lithuania . Peter Lang, Brussels 2004, p. 255.
  20. ↑ See Kurt Goldammer (arr.): Theophrast von Hohenheim called Paracelsus. All works , supplements religious and social writings in short versions . Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden 1973, especially pp. XLIV-XLVI.
  21. ^ Kurt Goldammer (arr.): Theophrast von Hohenheim called Paracelsus. All works , supplements religious and social writings in short versions . Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden 1973, pp. XLIV – XLVI, presumed behind “M. B. "the" M [agister] B [artholomaeus] ".
  22. ↑ Cf. Theodor Hirsch :  Ferber . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 622-628.
  23. ↑ Also Vavřinec Špán.
  24. ↑ See Karl Sudhoff: Bibliographia Paracelsica. Discussion of the publications published under Hohenheim's name from 1527–1893 . Georg Reimer, Berlin 1894 (reprint: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1958), p. 123 ( Pdf ( memento from September 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ); 300 kB, the university library of the TU Braunschweig).
  25. ↑ De Vrinarvm Ac Pvlsvvm Ivdiciis Libellvs, Avthore Theophrasto Bombastio . Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566 (2nd edition Arnold Birckmann Erben, Cologne 1568 ( digitized version of the Austrian National Library Vienna); 3rd edition Samuel Emmel, Strasbourg 1568 ( Google Books )).
  26. ^ Judge in Adrianople , completed the writing in 1550.
  27. ^ Konrad Wutke: The mining companies of Duke Georg II of Brieg, 1547–1586 . In: Silesica. Festschrift for Colmar Grünhagen . Emil Morgenstern, Emil Wohlfart, Breslau 1898, pp. 280-320, esp. Pp. 308-311 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  28. ↑ See e.g. B. Alchemical treatises and recipes , around 1580/86; Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 434, esp. Sheets 19–41) with the coat of arms of the Dukes of Brieg and Liegnitz as a watermark ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library); see. Joachim Telle: "From the Philosopher's Stone". An alchemo-Paracelsistic teaching poem of the 16th century . In: ders. (Ed.): Analecta Paracelsica. Studies on Theophrast von Hohenheim's afterlife in the German cultural area of ​​the early modern period . (Heidelberg studies on natural history in the early modern period 4). Steiner, Stuttgart 1994, pp. 167-212, especially pp. 193f.
  29. ↑ See Ernst Koch: Scultetica . In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 92 (1916), pp. 20–58, especially p. 30.
  30. ↑ See Karl Sudhoff: Bibliographia Paracelsica. Discussion of the publications published under Hohenheim's name from 1527–1893 . Georg Reimer, Berlin 1894 (reprint: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1958), p. 121; skeptical on the other hand Wilhelm Kühlmann, Joachim Telle (ed.): Corpus Paracelsisticum. Documents of early modern natural philosophy in Germany , Vol. II / 2. (Early modern era 89). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2004, pp. 550-561, especially p. 558.
  31. ↑ a b cf. Ferdinand Friedensburg (Hrsg.): Schlesiens newer Münzgeschichte . (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 19). Emil Morgenstern, Emil Wohlfart, Breslau 1899, pp. 12 and 172–174 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  32. ↑ See Rudolf Werner Soukup: Chemie in Österreich. Mining, Alchemy, and Early Chemistry . Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2007, esp. Pp. 195–248 and 330–343.
  33. ↑ Cf. Max Donebauer: Description of the collection of Bohemian coins and medals . A. Haase, Prague 1888, p. 386.
  34. ↑ Cf. Regest of a letter from Wilhelm von Rosenberg to Andreas von Jerin of July 12, 1585 from Reichenstein. In: Konrad Wutke (edit.): Silesia mining and metallurgy. Documents and files (1529-1740) . (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 21). Emil Wohlfart, Breslau 1901, No. 794, p. 161 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  35. ↑ Cf. Eduard Fiala: The coins of Messrs Wilhelm and Peter Vok von Rosenberg . In: Georges Cumont, Alphonse de Witte (eds.): Congrès international de numismatique organisé et réuni à Bruxelles . J. Goemaere, Brussels 1891, pp. 373-382, especially p. 376 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  36. ↑ Cf. Max Donebauer: Description of the collection of Bohemian coins and medals . A. Haase, Prague 1888, p. 691 ( Google Books ).
  37. ^ Cf. Eduard Dobbert : Art. Ambrozewski . In: Julius Meyer (Ed.): General Artist Lexicon , Bd. I Aa – Andreani . Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1872, p. 611 ( Google.Books ); Jan Otto : Ottův slovník naučný , Vol. II. Otto, Prague 1889, p. 98.
  38. ↑ On him cf. Hermann Ball: The school system of the Bohemian brothers . R. Gaertner, Berlin 1898, p. 160, after Andrzej Węgierski : Systema historico-chronologicum ecclesiarum Slavonicarum per provincias varias, praecipue, Poloniae, Bohemiae, Lituaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Moraviae & c. distinctarum . Utrecht 1652, p. 403 ( Google Books ).
  39. ↑ From: Markus Ambrosius (ed.): Ex libro de Nymphis, Sylvanis, Pygmaeis, Salamandris, & Gigantibus & c. Item From the Massa from which man was created. Theophrasti Paracelsi Philosophi & Medici incomparabilis. Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566.
  40. ↑ From: L. Span (ed.): De Vrinarvm Ac Pvlsvvm Ivdiciis Libellvs, Avthore Theophrasto Bombastio . Johannes Cruciger, Neisse 1566 (2nd edition Arnold Birckmann Erben, Cologne 1568).
  41. ↑ See Johann Ernst Schmaler (Red.): Directory of the works published by Tytus Działyński (end) . In: Slavisches Centralblatt 2 (1866), p. 157f.
  42. ↑ See Ulrike Jekutsch (arrangement): Slavica Gottingensia. Older Slavica in the Goettingen State and University Library , Vol. I. (Opera Slavica 30). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1995, No. 142 (8 H AS 1, 1920), p. 35.
personal data
SURNAME Ambrosius, Markus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ambrosius von Brosenthal, Markus (full name); Brosian, Marcus; Ambroży z Brosenthalu, Marek (Polish)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German humanist and early Paracelsist, writer, heraldist, cartographer, mining entrepreneur and mint master
DATE OF BIRTH around 1530
PLACE OF BIRTH Neisse , Principality of Neisse
DATE OF DEATH after 1592