Proskau
| Proskau Prószków |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Opole | ||
| Gmina : | Proskau | ||
| Area : | 16.23 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 33 ' N , 17 ° 55' E | ||
| Height : | 153 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 2648 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 46-060 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | OPO | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 414 Prudnik - Opole | ||
| Ext . 429 Bowallno –Proskau | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Proskau ( Polish Prószków ) is a city in Upper Silesia in the Powiat Opole of the Opole Voivodeship in Poland . It is the capital of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 9800 inhabitants.
geography
Geographical location
Proskau is about twelve kilometers south of the district and voivodeship capital Opole (Oppeln) . Droga wojewódzka (Voivodeship Road) 141 runs through the village in a north-south direction and Droga wojewódzka 429 in a west-east direction . The Autostrada A4 motorway is located south of Proskau . The Prószkowski Potok ( Proskauer Bach ) flows through the municipality .
Neighboring places
Neighboring towns of Proskau are Neuhammer ( Nowa Kuźnia ) and Zlattnik ( Złotniki ) in the north, Groß Schimnitz ( Zimnice Wielkie ) and Klein Schimnitz ( Zimnice Małe ) in the east, Przyschetz ( Przysiecz ) in the south and Jaschkowitz ( Jaśkowice ) in the west .
history
Proskau was first mentioned in a document in 1250. It belonged to the Duchy of Opole , which was a fiefdom of the Bohemian Crown from 1327 , which came to the Habsburgs in 1526 . In 1531 the place was mentioned as Pruzko . In 1560 Proskau was granted city rights, which were revoked in 1915, but were re-granted in 2004.
From the 14th century until 1769, the area around Proskau was owned by the Proskowskis. The family settled here in 1563, a castle in Renaissance style building that in the Thirty Years' War was burnt down by the Swedes. The reconstruction was carried out in 1677 by the Milanese architect Johann Seregno. In 1763, Count Leopold Proskowski set up a faience factory that was famous in Europe and the world and produced until 1793 in the back yard of the palace .
After the First Silesian War in 1742, the Proskau area came together with the vast majority of Silesia to Prussia . Its King Frederick the Great founded an earthenware factory in 1763, which became the largest in Silesia. In 1853 it was closed. After the von Proskowski family had died out with Leopold's death, the estate and palace passed into the possession of Count von Dietrichstein , who sold it to the Prussian state in 1783. From 1847 he set up a higher agricultural educational institution here , which later became an academy and was relocated to Berlin in 1881 as the Royal Agricultural University .
In 1845 there was a Catholic parish church, a castle and another 198 houses in the village. In the same year, 1703 people lived in Proskau, 1463 of them Catholic, 192 Protestant and 48 Jewish.
In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 1,587 of those eligible to vote in Proskau voted to remain with Germany and 151 for Poland. Proskau and the entire district of Opole remained with the German Reich until 1945 . At the beginning of the Second World War , the place had 2,511 inhabitants. From January 28 to 30, 1945, the Red Army committed war crimes against the German civilian population, including the local priest Walloschek. During and after the war, however, only a small proportion of the local population was displaced.
To date, three population groups live in the community: In addition to Poles and Germans , 4% Silesians . In 2004 Proskau was granted city rights again and since April 30, 2010 the officially bilingual city has been officially named 'Prószków / Proskau'. Since June 2012 the place-name signs have also been bilingual.
Attractions
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Proskauer Castle
The baroque Proskau Castle is the town's landmark. The castle was built in 1563 as the residence of Count Georg Proskowski in the Renaissance style. In 1644 it was set on fire by the Swedes. In 1677 it was rebuilt in the Baroque style under the direction of the Italian builder Giovanni Seregno . The two towers still standing today were built at the front. It belonged to the Upper Silesian noble family Proskowski until 1769 . From 1847 to 1881 the castle was used by the Royal Prussian Gardening School. After its dissolution, the castle was used as a hospital. Today there is a retirement home here. In 2011 it was renovated.
St. George Church
This building is a Roman Catholic church, which is located on the Ring (market square). It was built in 1587 by Count Georg Pruskowski. After the great fire in 1644, it was rebuilt in 1687 in its baroque style. Inside there are numerous baroque elements, including the stucco decorations, the main altar, several sculptures and the pulpit. The coat of arms of the Pruskowski family hangs above the entrance.
Arboretum
The arboretum is reminiscent of the Royal Agricultural Academy founded in 1847. This was dissolved in 1881 and replaced by the Royal Pomological Institute. For this purpose, gardens, greenhouses and a fruit tree nursery were created north of the village. The chrysanthemum exhibition was held here every year from 1934 . New generations are still being trained here today. The arboretum covers an area of approximately 17 hectares. Furthermore, exotic plants from China, Japan and other countries grow here. You can also see a tree that was petrified two million years ago
More Attractions
- Evangelical Church: built in 1866.
- St. Nepomuk Chapel: Built in 1877.
- Cemetery: In the old German cemetery there are still old gravestones from the last three centuries.
- Ring: Proskau market square with houses from the 17th / 18th centuries Century in the style of classicism and baroque.
- Old brewery building from 1870.
coat of arms
In the first and fourth fields, the city's coat of arms shows a jumping deer with reversed colors on a gold-black ground. The second and third fields are split in the colors silver and red. There is a red horseshoe on a silver background. There is a silver horseshoe on a red background.
societies
- German Friendship Circle
- Polonia Prószków football club
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Elise Hannemann (1849–1934), nutrition physiologist and cookery teacher
- Hans Dammann (1867–1942), sculptor
- Wilhelm Methner (1871–1951), lawyer and colonial official
- Theodor Brylla (1882–1962), trade unionist, member of the People's Chamber
- Kurt Otto (1887–1947), National Socialist politician
- Hans Reichelt (* 1925), politician in the GDR
- Alfred Gaida (* 1951), racing cyclist
Personalities who have worked on site
- Karl Daniel Friedrich Bach (1756–1829), painter, draftsman and art teacher, artistic curator of the Proskauer faience factory
- Anastasius Sedlag (1786–1856), theologian, at times pastor in Proskau
- Ernst Heinrich (1792–1862), agricultural scientist, first director of the Agricultural Academy in Proskau
- Gustav Stoll (1814–1892), pomologist, first director of the Royal Pomological Institute
- Hermann Settegast (1819–1908), agricultural scientist, 1847–1856 administrator of the Royal Domain Proskau and teacher at the Royal Pomological Institute in Proskau
- Reinhold Hensel (1826–1881), zoologist and paleontologist, professor of zoology at the Proskau Forest Academy
- Adolph Hermiersch (1827–1903), Catholic priest and politician, 1857–1865 chaplain in Proskau
- Adolf Stengel (1828–1900), agricultural scientist, lecturer at the Agricultural Academy in Proskau
- Robert Hartmann (1831 / 1832–1893), naturalist and ethnologist, teacher at the Royal Pomological Institute
- Walter von Funke (1832–1900), agricultural scientist, lecturer at the Agricultural Academy in Proskau
- Hermann Otto Glüer (1834–1913), manor owner and member of the German Reichstag, student at the pomological institute
- Carl Pape (1836–1906), physicist, professor at the Agricultural Academy
- Christian Friedrich Rabe (1837–1898), veterinarian, teacher of veterinary medicine at the Agricultural Academy in Proskau
- Paul Sorauer (1839–1916), botanist and phytomedicist, between 1872 and 1893 head of the plant physiological research station at the Royal Pomological Institute
- Gustav von Schönberg (1839–1908), national economist, 1867–1868 head of the plant physiological research station at the Royal Pomological Institute
- Hans von Scheel (1839–1901), economist and statistician, teacher at the Royal Pomological Institute
- Hugo Werner (1839–1912), lecturer in agriculture at the Agricultural Academy in Proskau
- Thomas von Kozlowski (1839–1911), manor owner and member of the German Reichstag, student at the pomological institute
- Boleslaw von Kossowski (1839-1892), manor owner and member of the German Reichstag, student at the pomological institute
- Leo Becker (1840–1886), manor owner, district administrator and member of the German Reichstag, student at the pomological institute
- Heinrich Möller (1841–1932), veterinarian, teacher of veterinary medicine at the Agricultural Academy in Proskau
- Karl Perseke (1843–1907), botanist and explorer, student at the pomological institute
- Franz Goeschke (1844–1912), botanist, employee at the pomological institute
- Karl Götz von Olenhusen (1847–1933), manor owner and member of the German Reichstag, student at the pomological institute
- Witold von Skarzynski (1850–1910), manor owner and politician, student at the pomological institute
- Emil Pott (1851–1913), animal breeding scientist, student at the Agricultural Academy
- Richard Börnstein (1852–1913), physicist and meteorologist, teacher at the pomological institute
- Ernst Flechsig (1852–1890), chemist and chess master, lecturer at the Agricultural Academy
- Wilhelm Lauche (1859–1950), horticultural specialist and court gardening director, head gardener and teacher of fruit growing at the Royal Pomological Institute
- Alexander Bode (1860–1920), gardener and educator, student at the pomological institute
- Rudolf Aderhold (1865–1907), mycologist, head of the botanical department at the school for fruit and horticulture in Proskau
- Carl Bonstedt (1866–1953), gardener and botanist, trained at the pomological institute
- Hermann Kube (1866–1944), garden artist and city gardening director, student at the Royal Pomological Institute
- Hugo Baum (1867–1950), botanist, student at the pomological institute
- Heinrich Zeininger (1867–1939), court garden director, 1922–1924 director of the state college for fruit and horticulture in Proskau
- Carl Rimann (1870–1947), garden architect and specialist writer, pupil and teacher at the fruit growing and horticultural college
- Otto Schindler (1871–1936), horticultural teacher, director of the pomological institute
- Richard Thieme (1876–1948), garden architect, trained at the pomological institute
- Alfons Perlick (1895–1978), educator, student at the teachers' college in Proskau
- Karl Heinrich Meyer (1903–1988), garden and landscape architect, pupil at the school for fruit and horticulture
local community
The urban-and-rural municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Proskau covers an area of 121 km² with a number of villages.
Others
Proskauer Straße in the Berlin district of Friedrichshain has been named after the city since 1881 .
On July 29, 1921, what was then Proskau was 40.2 ° C, the highest temperature ever recorded on today's Polish territory.
Web links
literature
- Erhard Heinrich, Andrzej Pawelczyk: Proskau - A history at a glance . Ed .: Pastor of the Catholic parish of St. George in Proskau [Prószków]. Erhard Heinrich, 2000, ISBN 83-913284-1-4 .
- Ryszard Emmerling, Urszula Zajaczkowska: Opole - The capital of the voivodeship . Schlesischer Verlag ADAN, Opole 2003, ISBN 83-915371-3-7 .
- Ryszard Emmering: Silesian castles and palaces - Opole region . Schlesischer Verlag ADAN, Opole 2000, ISBN 83-908136-4-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Anna Bedkowska-Karmelita: Travel guide through the Opole region. Alkazar, Opole 2009, ISBN 978-83-925591-3-9 , p. 30.
- ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 514.
- ↑ See results of the referendum in Upper Silesia of 1921 ( Memento of January 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Opole (Polish: Opole). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Coldwarhistory.us - The three days when God forgot God's village
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: dat.prosilesia.net )
- ↑ Dz. U. No. 17, poz. 141, z późn. zm .; Lista gmin wpisanych na podstawie art. 12 ustawy z dnia 6 stycznia 2005 r. , accessed May 14, 2010.
- ↑ DFK Proskau - bilingual place-name signs ( memento of the original from March 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland. Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 765–768.
- ^ Website of the district of Opole
- ↑ Swantje Duthweiler: The Royal Prussian gardener educational institution to Proskau - A building block in the history of modern garden architecture . In: Die Gartenkunst 19 (1/2007), pp. 127–142.
- ^ Proskauer Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ^ W. Mizerski, J. Żukowski (Ed.): Tablice geograficzne. Adamantan, Warszawa 2001, ISBN 83-7350-121-5 .
