Agricultural University Berlin

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As Royal College of Berlin Landwirthschaftliche entity created was imputed one the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture and by combining the agricultural educational institute and the agricultural museum officially in 1881 resulting College of Agricultural Sciences and related subjects in Berlin . The lecturer Council and Secret Upper Government Councilor Hugo Thiel played a key role in the conversion . It was not until 1897 that Thiel became director of the “ Domain Administration Department ” in the Ministry of Agriculture. The Agricultural University has been part of the Life Sciences Faculty of the Humboldt University in Berlin since April 2014 under the name Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences .

Main building on Invalidenstrasse, around 1890

Agricultural teaching institute

Möglin manor around 1900
The Agricultural Academy Proskau, around 1860
Seal of the Royal Agricultural University of Berlin (until 1918)
Campus in Dahlem (1921)

The agricultural apprenticeship in Berlin goes back to Albrecht Daniel Thaer (1752–1828), who founded an agricultural teaching institute in the Markish village of Möglin near the Oderbruch in 1806, which from 1819 was called the Royal Prussian Academic Institute of Agriculture . Thaer held agricultural lectures at Berlin University as an associate professor from 1810 to 1819. Under his successors, the branch of knowledge developed in connection with the Berlin University.

On the part of the authorities, the Landesökonomiekollegium took the initiative in December 1850 to found an agricultural teaching institute by providing an “ annual support of 3000 Rthlr from the Ministry of Agriculture , which was only founded in 1848 . “Requested. The ministry, however, denied a “ tangible need for such an institution ” and therefore wanted to know that “ significant funds from state funds were not used for it ”.

In January 1857 private lecturer Carl Schulz-Fleeth referred to the “ lack of a chemical laboratory in which those studying agriculture could receive appropriate instructions ” and a “ complete understanding of chemistry ”. “ The connection between an agricultural chemistry research station ” and the laboratory mentioned seemed “ particularly useful ” . He asked to be able to “ justify and develop his views further. "

Finally, in 1858 Schulz-Fleeth was "arranged to set up a laboratory for agricultural examinations and to teach farmers lessons in agricultural chemistry " by the Minister of Agriculture .

It was not until March 1859, four months after the appointment of the ministers of the New Era , that Schulz-Fleeth submitted more detailed proposals to the Ministry of Agriculture “ for the establishment of an agricultural teaching institute in connection with the local university ” and asked that “ the extraordinary professorship of agriculture, which earlier which Professor Störig held, but remained vacant since his death, will be transferred again. “The new Minister of Agriculture Pückler agreed to the proposals“ in the essential points ”and immediately asked the new Minister of Education, Bethmann-Hollweg, for Schulz-Fleeth to be appointed Associate Professor of Agriculture, which did not take place until January 1860.

As early as October 1859, under Schulz-Fleeth's leadership, an independent agricultural teaching institute was established, which, in Pückler's opinion, “took the place of the Möglin institution ”. To be sure, the philosophical faculty only saw it as an " apparently independent, but in fact, university-based teaching institute ".

Schulz-Fleeth informed the Minister of Agriculture in January 1862 that “ according to previous experience during the summer semester ” there were “ only a relatively small number of students of agriculture ” in the teaching institute , namely “ usually only 8 to 10 ”. In the winter semester 1875/6 there were 97, in the summer semester 1876 and winter semester 1876/7 99 each. At the end of 1880 the " number of pupils " was 144, of which 112 were " residents " and 32 were " foreigners ". Of these, 17 were " from the other states of the German Empire ". Until 1880, the institute set “the maximum admission requirement for one year of voluntary military service. "More precisely according to" Statistical News about the United Agricultural Teaching Institute and Museum "after" the status at the end of the year 1880 ": For the course" could be inscribed: a, free of charge: (sic!) All enrolled students of the Royal. University of Berlin. b, for an enrollment fee of 6 M for each semester: all those who wanted to devote themselves to studying agriculture "and were" equipped with the necessary prior knowledge "," which was proven by entitlement to one-year voluntary military service ".

In the winter semester 1862/63, for example, read in Lehrinstitut Albrecht Conrad Thaer " Introduction to the landwirthschaftliche study " and " landwirthschaftliche management science ," Professor Eichhorn " Landwirthschaftliche chemistry ", " Physical Fundamentals of agriculture and livestock " and " Instructions for agricultur-chemical investigations practical exercises in the laboratory ”, Karl Heinrich Koch “ Agricultural botany with special consideration of diseases affecting cultivated plants ”and Professor Manger“ Agricultural building studies ”.

With a “ large majority ” the Prussian House of Representatives decided on December 5, 1866, at the request of the MP Johann Joseph Fühling , “ to request the Royal State Government to give the agricultural teaching institute in Berlin, which was founded in connection with the Berlin University, a teaching institute that was appropriate for its teaching purposes To give university-worthy organization and to bring the necessary costs into the state budget for 1868. “The background to this request was that, in the words of the Member of Parliament von der Marwitz of December 1867, the teaching institute“ ekes out its existence in a back house on Behrenstrasse ”.

Initially, the teaching institute was located “ on the first floor of a private house at Behrenstrasse 28 ”, and from the “ winter semester 1873/74 onwards, it was in Dorotheenstrasse. 38/39 ”in the rooms of the then“ Dental Institute ”. It was not until 1877 (until 1880) that the address “ Dorotheen-Str. No. 38. u. 39. "specified.

For the new building in Invalidenstrasse 42, that " for the entire buildings and interior facilities of the museum and educational institution " were in Mark " means the state budget budgets per 1874 450000 M., per 1875 450000 M., per 1878/79 1233000 M. , made available 394,000 marks per 1879/80, a total of 2,527,000 marks ".

Agricultural college

Since the teaching institute "was housed in poor rented rooms until the spring of 1880 ", it moved to the new museum building at Invalidenstraße 42 in the summer semester of 1880 and was named " United agricultural teaching institute and museum ". Because of this " rambling designation ", the Minister of Agriculture applied for the name " Agricultural College " without the attribute " Royal " and on February 14, 1881 the King approved it. However, since 1887, the letters in the printed head received the expanded name " Königliche Landwirthschaftliche Hochschule zu Berlin ".

In the castle and on the Proskau estate in Upper Silesia ( Opole district ), the Kingdom of Prussia set up a higher agricultural training institute in 1847, which later became the Proskau Agricultural Academy . This was dissolved in 1881 and its collections moved to the Museum of the Agricultural University in Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, about 400 km away . New appointments from the Proskau Academy were appointed to the Berlin university: its director Hermann Settegast for animal breeding and management, Richard Börnstein for physics and Hans Gruner for mineralogy and geognosy. The ten founding professors (" regular teachers ") also included Albert Bernhard Frank (plant physiology), Leopold Kny (botany), Hans Heinrich Landolt (chemistry), Alfred Nehring (zoology), Albert Orth (agriculture), Ludewig Wittmack (botany) and Nathan Zuntz (animal physiology).

The university, which was not subdivided from 1881 to 1896, was given the following three departments in accordance with the statutes in 1897:

According to Prussia's Agriculture Minister Ernst von Hammerstein-Loxten to the Kaiser and König, the university had “ from its opening on April 1, 1881 to the end of December 1895 2,941 listeners ”, of which “ 59 farmers, 4 agriculture teachers, 419 land knives and 153 cultural technicians were required Taken and passed exams ”. In the winter semester 1896/97 she was " over 600 Studi leaders visited ".

At the end of December 1896 the teaching staff consisted of “ 15 regular professors, 14 auxiliary teachers and 6 private lecturers ” as well as “ 20 assistants from the various scientific institutes ”.

In a gas explosion on September 30, 1900 " part of the cellar vaults of the main building collapsed, the roof of the atrium smashed, " and " the scientific collections in the atrium and on the ground floor of the museum were badly damaged ".

As early as 1906, Ludewig Wittmack noted that “ Thaer's grandson, Dr. Albrecht Thaer (was), who came to Berlin when Möglin was dissolved. He continued here the same doctrine that he presented in Möglin, and so in a certain sense we can regard the Berlin Institute as the continuation of the Möglin Institute. Accordingly, the year 1906 offered the Prussian ministers Georg von Rheinbaben and Victor von Podbielski a “ centenary of the establishment of the first agricultural university institute in the Mark Brandenburg, the academic teaching institute for agriculture in Möglin, from which the agricultural university emerged. "

In the summer semester of 1906, “ a chair for fishing and fish farming was established ” and “ Paulus Schiemenz , head of the Fishery Institute at Müggelsee, ” was appointed “ regular professor ”.

In 1919, at the instigation of State Secretary Eberhard Ramm , the Prussian government decided to relocate a large part of the institutes to the Dahlem domain, in accordance with the wishes of the deceased founder. According to the design by Heinrich Straumer , a modern university campus was built there between 1921 and 1929 in simple forms of north German brick architecture .

The geodetic department was outsourced to the Königlich Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg in autumn 1927 .

With the establishment of an institute for garden design, the first university horticultural study course in Germany was created in 1929. Well-known garden architects such as Erwin Barth , Heinrich Wiepking-Jürgensmann and Georg Pniower worked there as professors. The most recent degrees offered were a certified farmer and a doctorate in agriculture ( Dr. agr. ).

According to a letter from the Prussian Agriculture Minister Paul von Eisenhart-Rothe dated July 1918 to Kaiser and King Wilhelm II . "In the summer semester of 1881 the university was attended by 126 students, including 38 farmers , and in the winter semester of 1913/14 by 844 students, including 435 farmers ."

In July 1918 Wilhelm II granted “ the Agricultural University in Berlin ” the right “ to award the dignity of Doctor of Agriculture and to bestow the same honorary honor as a rare distinction to people who have made outstanding contributions to the promotion of agriculture to have. "

As of December 1932, the Agricultural University was no longer subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture, but to the Ministry of Science, Art and Public Education due to the “ Second Ordinance to Simplify and Simplify Administration ”.

Rectors of the university

From 1881 to 1920 the rectors of the university were elected for a two-year term from the beginning of April to the end of March, from 1922 to 1933 for a term of one year and from April to March.

University Faculty

In 1934 the Agricultural University was forcibly incorporated into the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität together with the Veterinary University, founded in 1790 as a veterinary school , where it formed its own faculty from 1937. In the Second World War there was considerable damage to the institute's buildings; around 80 percent of the books and magazines in the agricultural library were also destroyed.

After the end of the war, as part of the division of Berlin, two separate agricultural faculties were established in East and West Berlin , which were reunited in 1992 under the founding dean Erwin Reisch as the agricultural faculty of the Humboldt University. The disciplines developed in cooperation with the Institute for Fermentation Industry remained at the Technical University of Berlin .

Since a restructuring and renaming to the Agricultural-Horticultural Faculty in 1997, agricultural and horticultural sciences have also been offered as bachelor's degrees.

Tests taking place around 1900

1. for farmers, 2. for teachers of agriculture at agricultural schools, 3. for animal breeding inspectors, 4. for surveyors, 5. for brewery engineers.

University professor

See: Category: University Lecturers (Agricultural University Berlin)

literature

Web links

Commons : Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Berlin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Volker Klemm : From the Royal Academy of Agriculture in Möglin to the Agricultural and Horticultural Faculty of the Humboldt University in Berlin. Berlin 1998, p. 161.
  2. ↑ See manual on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1898 , p. 167
  3. ↑ On the history of the Agricultural University and the Agricultural-Horticultural Faculty of the HU ( Memento from October 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 22 v and 27 r
  5. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 31 v - 32 v
  6. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 76 V a Sekt. 2 Tit. IV No. 30, fol. 34 BC
  7. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 40 r / v, 43 r / v
  8. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 151 IC No. 12436
  9. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 76 V c Sect. 2 Tit. 23 LITT A No. 74, fol. 40 r
  10. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 98 r
  11. ↑ Cf. GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 211 BC
  12. ↑ GStA PK i. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 247 r
  13. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 228 v: Hermann Engelhard von Nathusius to Agriculture Minister Karl Rudolf Friedenthal
  14. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20051, fol. 246 r / v
  15. ↑ Annals of Agriculture in the Royal Prussian States. Week sheet. (Supplement) of November 5, 1862, p. 412 f.
  16. ^ Stenographic reports on the negotiations. House of Representatives. Second volume. Berlin 1866. p. 916
  17. ^ Stenographic reports on the negotiations. House of Representatives. First volume. Berlin 1867, p. 589
  18. ↑ L. Wittmack (Ed.): The Royal Agricultural University in Berlin. Festschrift to celebrate the company's 25th anniversary , Berlin 1906, p. 12.
  19. ↑ Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1877 , p. 196, 1878/79 , p. 202, 1879/80 , p. 195
  20. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 24793, letter from the Agriculture Minister Karl Rudolf Friedenthal to the building commission dated December 30, 1878
  21. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 26 f.
  22. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 40 r, 50 r, 55 r, 146 r
  23. ↑ L. Wittmack (Ed.): The Royal Agricultural University in Berlin. Festschrift for the celebration of the 25th anniversary , Berlin 1906, p. 76.
  24. ↑ See L. Wittmack (Ed.): The Royal Agricultural University in Berlin. Festschrift to celebrate the company's 25th anniversary , Berlin 1906, p. 17.
  25. ↑ See manual on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1881/82 , p. 148
  26. ↑ Cf. GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 62 BC
  27. ↑ Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1898 , p. 174
  28. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 61 r
  29. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 61 r
  30. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 104 r
  31. ↑ L. Wittmack (Ed.): The Royal Agricultural University in Berlin. Festschrift to celebrate the company's 25th anniversary. Berlin 1906, p. 283.
  32. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 138 r
  33. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31929, fol. 148 r / v, 149 r
  34. ↑ State Monument Office Berlin
  35. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31930, fol. 27 r
  36. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 31930, fol. 29 r
  37. ↑ Handbook on the Prussian State for 1934 , p. 86 and Preußische Gesetzsammlung 1932 , p. 338
  38. ↑ L. Wittmack: The Royal Agricultural University in Berlin. Festschrift for the celebration of the 25th anniversary , Berlin 1906, p. 45 f., Handbook for the Royal Prussian Court and State for the years 1881 to 1933, GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 20068
  39. ↑ Ludwig Wittmack, The Royal Agricultural University in Berlin , 1906, p. 305 f.