Robert Hartmann (naturalist)

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Karl Eduard Robert Hartmann (born October 1, 1831 or October 8, 1832 in Blankenburg (Harz) , † April 20, 1893 in Potsdam ) was a German naturalist and ethnologist.

Robert Hartmann as private lecturer (around 1872)

Life

Hartmann studied medicine and natural science in Berlin, accompanied Baron Adalbert von Barnim , son of Prince Adalbert von Prussia and Therese Elßler (wife von Barnim), to Northeast Africa in 1859 and 1860 , and became a teacher of zoology and comparative physiology at the Agricultural Academy in Proskau in 1865 and in 1867 private lecturer, from 1873 professor of anatomy at the University of Berlin . In 1884 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

He made several studies on the anatomy of marine animals, made on the Italian and Swedish coasts. He processed the material for geography, ethnography and zoology that he had collected on his African journey, especially in Dschesiret-Senaar , in the work Reise des Freiherrn A. v. Barnim through northeast Africa etc. (Berlin 1863).

Hartmann and African Studies

Hartmann was a friend of the Africa researcher Heinrich Barth , whose positive assessment of Africans he shared. He stopped his work on the extensive work on the Nigritians (meaning the black Africans), which was conceived in several volumes , because he was increasingly the target of attacks by racist colleagues who accused him of being a “negro himself during his stay in Africa “Become. He was only able to continue his research outside of the university area, and the research on African culture, which he wanted to continue in the spirit of Heinrich Barth, who died in 1865, had to give way to purely anthropological research, whereby Hartmann, unlike most of his colleagues, did not racial ideological interpretations of the anthropological findings. Above all, the proponents of Darwin 's theory of evolution such as Ernst Haeckel and Friedrich von Hellwald attacked Hartmann, who openly opposed a common ancestry and professed a modified form of polygenism, i.e. the doctrine of the multiple emergence of the same genera (e.g. . of people) in different regions of the world.

Works

The young M'Pungu in Berlin, 1876
Illustration from Der Gorilla
  • Journey of Baron A. v. Barnim through northeast Africa . Berlin 1863
  • Natural history and medical sketch of the Nile countries . Berlin 1865–1866
  • The Nigritians . Berlin 1876, volume 1
  • The peoples of Africa . Leipzig 1880
  • The gorilla. Zoological and zootomic studies . Leipzig 1880 ( full text )
  • Manual of Human Anatomy . Strasbourg 1881
  • The human-like apes and their organization compared to the human . Leipzig 1883
  • Abyssinia . Leipzig 1883
  • The Nile countries . Leipzig 1883
  • Madagascar etc. Leipzig 1886

Hartmann founded the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie with Adolf Bastian in 1869 , was secretary of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory and Secretary General of the Anthropological Society.

literature

Web links

Commons : Robert Hartmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Robert Hartmann  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the essays on Hartmann and the journal for ethnology in C. Trautmann: Quand Berlin pensait les peuples. (see below "Literature")
  2. ↑ Entry on R. Hartmann. Brockhaus Kleines Konversations-Lexikon, fifth edition, Volume 1, p. 765, 1911, accessed April 6, 2013 .
personal data
SURNAME Hartmann, Robert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hartmann, Karl Eduard Robert (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German naturalist and author
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1831 or October 8, 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Blankenburg (Harz)
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1893
Place of death Potsdam