Polanica-Zdrój

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Polanica-Zdrój
Coat of arms of Polanica-Zdrój
Polanica-Zdrój (Poland)
Polanica-Zdrój
Polanica-Zdrój
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
Area : 17.22  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 24 ′  N , 16 ° 31 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 31 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 420 m npm
Residents : 6324
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 57-320
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Kłodzko – Kudowa Zdrój
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Prague
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Residents: 6324
(June 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 0208051
Administration (as of 2018)
Mayor : Mateusz Jellin
Address:
ul.Jarosława Dąbrowskiego 3 57-320 Polanica-Zdrój
Website : www.polanica.pl



Polanica-Zdrój [ pɔla'ɲiʦa 'zdruɪ̯ ] ( German Altheide-Bad , in colloquial language Bad Altheide ; Czech Starý Bor , Staré Pustiny or Stará Hejda ) is a spa town in the powiat Kłodzki ( Glatz district ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland.

Geographical location

City panorama on the Reinerzer Weistritz

Polanica-Zdrój is twelve kilometers southwest of the district town of Kłodzko ( Glatz ) on the southern slope of the Heuscheuergebirge . It is traversed by the Reinerzer Weistritz ( Bystrzyca Dusznicka ), the promenade of which forms the spa promenade. Due to its sheltered location and the wooded surroundings, it has a mild and healthy climate.

To the west extends the Höllental ( Piekielna Dolina ), which geographically separates the Heuscheuer and Habelschwerdter mountains .

history

Parish Church of the Assumption
Sanatorium in the spa park
Street train

The later Altheide was probably founded in the second half of the 13th century and was first mentioned in 1347 under the place name zu der Hayde as a property of the Lords of Glaubitz ( Glubos ). From the beginning it belonged to the Glatzer Land , with which it shared its political and ecclesiastical affiliation. In 1556 the Neuheide settlement was built north of the village ; from this time on the previous Heyde was called Altheide .

In the second half of the 15th century, half of the village was owned by various families, most recently the Lords of Ullersdorf , who sold it to the town of Glatz in 1538, along with a mill and six cottages . The other half of the village belonging to the Seidlitz von Lazan family fell to Duke Heinrich the Elder in 1494 . Ä. von Munsterberg , who was also Count von Glatz. In the same year he donated these properties to the Glatzer Augustinian monastery .

The share belonging to the Augustinian monastery was transferred to the Glatzer Jesuit College in 1597 , which expanded the property, built a manor and other settler posts and improved agricultural methods. During the Thirty Years War Altheide was destroyed by the Swedes in 1645. In 1650 the Jesuits built a house that served as a recreation center for members of the order. After a fire it was rebuilt in 1706–1707 and expanded into a castle.

After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally with the Hubertusburg Peace in 1763, Altheide came together with the County of Glatz to Prussia , which expropriated the Jesuit property after the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1783. The Altheider Stiftsgut was sold to the Prussian Minister of State Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Reden in 1788 . After the reorganization of Prussia, Altheide belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816 , with which it remained connected until 1945.

In 1827 the Reden's heirs sold the Altheid property to the Glatz merchant Josef Grolms, who set up the first modest bathing facilities in 1828. After further changes of ownership at short notice, a further expansion of the bathing business took place in the second half of the 19th century. After Altheide received a railway connection with the Glatz-Rückers line in 1890 , the number of spa guests and those seeking relaxation increased significantly. The Altheide district was established as early as 1874 , to which the rural community of Neuheide also belonged.

Altheide's heyday began in 1904 when the Wroclaw brewery owner Georg Haase acquired the bath. Subsequent investments transformed the village of Altheide into a modern health resort. In addition to a strong economic upswing, its social importance also increased. With the power supply, the construction of roads and paths, the construction of hiking trails and the construction of sports facilities as well as a Catholic and a Protestant church, a new infrastructure was created that forms the basis for further economic development and the prosperity of the local population through newly created jobs educated. Even before the First World War, Altheide became one of the most famous Silesian health spas as the heart spa, which continued to develop in the interwar period. At the beginning of 1923, Haase converted the operating company Badeverwaltung Altheide GmbH into a stock corporation , which traded as Altheide AG for spa and bathing operations . The glass factory Kristallglas-Hüttenwerke Franz Wittwer , which was founded after the First World War and in which the glass artist Konrad Tag worked as an engraver until 1929 , also acquired particular economic importance .

In World War II Altheide was spared from destruction. Some of its sanatoriums were used as military hospitals. After the end of the war, Altheide was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in the summer of 1945 and initially received the Polish place name Puszczyków-Zdrój , which was then changed to Polanica-Zdrój in 1946 when the village was elevated to the status of a town . Unless they had fled before, the German population was largely expelled by the local Polish administrative authority . Some of the newly settled residents came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the westward displacement of Poland .

Kazimierz Dąbrowski became the first Polish mayor. From the 1950s, Polanica-Zdrój developed into a popular holiday resort. Until 1974 it belonged to the Wroclaw Voivodeship and then until 1998 to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1789 0443
1816 0490
1825 0313 in four parts
1880 0527
1885 0560
1905 0742
1910 1,538
1933 3,436
1939 3,953
1950 4,482
1961 5,210
1970 5,385
1978 7,399

Districts

The formerly independent villages belong to the city of Polanica-Zdrój:

Spa history

New Kurhaus (today Sanatorium Wielka Pieniawa ), 1912
Mineral spring

Although the Altheider Sauerbrunnen were described as early as 1625 by the Glatzer historian Aelurius, it was not opened until the 19th century. The owner Josef Grolms built a wooden bathhouse with eight bathtubs in 1828. In 1904 two new wells were drilled. In a short time, modern bathing facilities and parks, a sanatorium, numerous new pensions and the glamorous Kurhaus (today Wielka Pieniawa ) were built. After the First World War, the walking and drinking hall, a new bath house, the spa theater, the small spa house and the spa casino were built.

The long-time spa director and later main co-owner Georg Berlit (1878-1946), who was a son of the spa entrepreneur and founder of the climatic health resort Hochwaldhausen, Jean Berlit , made special contributions to the development of the spa . Georg Berlit demonstrated the importance of the mineral springs by convening medical commissions and performing water analyzes. He made Altheide known in Germany and abroad through a large-scale advertising campaign. During his tenure from 1907 to 1945, the number of spa guests rose from 1,000 to 16,000 per year.

As the only health resort in the German-speaking area, Altheide had the name Bad at the end of the name, so that the official name was Altheide Bad .

After the Second World War, the spa business in Polanica-Zdrój was resumed for some time.

Sources and healing indications

The mineral springs of Bad Altheide were first mentioned in the 13th century - the healing properties of the water from the five springs were not widely known until the 19th century, when it was transported to the most distant places. The medicinal springs are calcium hydrogen carbonate acidlings with a high content of carbon dioxide . The alkaline, carbonated iron sources of the Wielka Pieniawa spring are used for drinking cures and baths. The water from the springs Josef I and Josef II is used as table water , which is particularly appetizing and digestive.

The therapeutic indications include heart, circulatory and nervous diseases, metabolic disorders and blood diseases. Furthermore, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory diseases, rheumatic diseases, inflammation of the pancreas and gall bladder, hypertension and cardiological childhood diseases are treated.

With regard to these diseases, u. a. The following spa treatments are offered in Bad Altheide: carbonic acid, whirling, brine, pearl baths, galvanic baths, paraffin packs, mud packs, classic massages, water aerobics, respiratory aerobics, ergometer training, inhalations, iodized salt cave, magnetotherapy, laser and cryotherapy . Regular dialysis is also possible as the health resort has a dialysis center.

Attractions

Promenade in the spa gardens
  • The Parish Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary ( Kościół Wniebowzięcia NMP ) was built in 1910 in neo-baroque style. The altar painting was created by Oswald Völkel from Schlegel , who worked as a church painter in Munich.
  • The former Jesuit castle next to the church was built in 1706–1707 by the Glatzer Jesuit College in the Bohemian Baroque style. From 1861 it served as an orphanage.
  • Spa park with old trees and the spa houses on the park
  • The plague chapel north in Neuheide ( Polanica Górna ) was built in 1680.
  • Marienkapelle from 1843 ( Buchenbergkapelle )

Culture and leisure

Polanica-Zdrój became known in chess circles through the Rubinstein memorial tournament. The festival of amateur films POL-8 takes place annually.

Twin cities

Web links

Commons : Polanica-Zdrój  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ City website, Gminne Jednostki Organizacyjne , accessed Nov. 30, 2019.
  3. ↑ Marek Šebela, Jiři Fišer: České Názvy hraničních Vrchů, Sídel a vodních toků v Kladsku . In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003
  4. ^ Handbook of German stock corporations . 30th edition 1925, volume 3, p. 5708.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of historical places. Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 8-9.
  6. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. glatz.html # ew39gltzaltheid. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ Rolf Jehke, territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874–1945
  8. ↑ Henryk Grzybowski, The Riddle of the Name Altheide / Polanica (PDF; 8.9 MB), in: “Ziemia Kłodzka”, no. 231, October 2013, pp. 17-18.
  9. ^ Henryk Grzybowski, The Riddle of the Name Altheide / Polanica , in: "Altheider Christmas Letter", Issue 17, December 2013, pp. 115–117. (issuu)