Janské Lázně
| Janské Lázně | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Trutnov | ||||
| Area : | 1,373 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 38 ' N , 15 ° 47' E | ||||
| Height: | 519 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 699 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 542 25 | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Václav Němec (as of 2014) | ||||
| Address: | náměstí Svobody 273 542 25 Janské Lázně |
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| Municipality number: | 579351 | ||||
| Website : | www.janske-lazne.cz | ||||
Janské Lázně ([ ˈjanskɛː ˈlaːzɲɛ ]) (German Johannisbad ) is a health resort in the Czech Giant Mountains .
geography
Geographical location
The small town lies at an average altitude of 519 m nm in a side valley of the river Úpa (Aupa). The nearest town and train station is Svoboda nad Úpou, three kilometers to the east . The local mountain of Janské Lázně is the Černá hora ( Schwarzenberg ) with 1299 m nm
City structure
The town consists of the original Johannisbad and the district of Černá Hora ( Schwarzenberg ).
history
Legend has it that the thermal spring with 29.6 ° C was discovered in 1006 by Johann von Chotkow (Jan z Chockova) , squire of the knight Albrecht von Trautenberg , and named after him. Historians, however, consider it more likely that prospectors looking for deposits of ores and precious metals discovered the source in the 11th century. The bubbling water was then used to drive a water wheel with an iron hammer attached, which was used to crush ores.
The first records of the use of the Johannisbad hot spring for health purposes come from the year 1300, when it was owned by the Silvar von Silberstein family . The Johannisbad is also mentioned in travel reports of the papal legate Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini , who later became Pope Pius II . A village developed next to the spa , which was first mentioned in 1552.
Because of their participation in the Bohemian class uprising , the Silvar von Silberstein were expropriated by the emperor after the battle of the White Mountain . In 1623 their possessions were sold by the Bohemian Chamber to Albrecht von Waldstein , who, however, pledged them to foreign nobles in 1628 for lack of money.
After Johann Adolf I, Prince of Schwarzenberg, had acquired the Wildschütz rule with the desert Silberstein Castle , he had the Johannis Chapel built near the source in 1673 and the first six bathing buildings built in 1677. At the same time he had commissioned the doctor Georg Ignaz Hettmayer to scientifically investigate the healing effects of the thermal spring and to publish the results. After the hammer mill burned down in 1495, it was replaced by a water mill . The village expanded through the activities mentioned, so that in 1685 22 houses, the mill, an inn and a spa house are documented.
The effects of the Seven Years' War finally led to the fact that Johannisbad was released from the secular rule of the Schwarzenbergs. In fact, in 1789, Prince Johann Nepomuk von Schwarzenberg exchanged the rule for monastery property in Zlatá Koruna and Borovany (South Bohemia). Johannisbad and the rulership of Wildschütz-Hermannseifen with their 13 subordinate places became the property of the religious fund administered by Emperor Joseph II . This rule was acquired in 1790 by the linen dealer Johann Franz Theer from Arnau ( ennobled Baron von Silberstein in 1794 ). His childless descendant Freiherr Eduard von Silberstein († 1861) transferred his property to a foundation for the benefit of students from the universities of Prague and Vienna, so that the Johannisbad came under the administration of the kk .
In May 1868 the Wildschütz rule became the property of the Kommerzienrat Hugo Wihard from Liebau in Silesia , who sold Johannisbad and some forests a few days later to the factory owners Franz and Friedrich Steffan from Arnau for 150,000 florins . In 1869, Johannisbad was separated from Freiheit ( Svoboda nad Úpou ) and became an independent political municipality ; a telegraph station and a lobby were also built. With the branch line from Trautenau to Freiheit , opened in 1871, it was connected to the European rail network. In 1873 the previous name Johannisbrunn was changed to Johannisbad by ministerial decree. In 1881 Johannisbad became a market town , in 1893 a drinking water pipe was built from high springs and the Kurplatz received electrical lighting in 1896. In 1897, the flood disaster in the nearby Aupa valley, which destroyed many bridges, led to a decline in the number of spa guests. By resolution of the municipal council in 1902, the market town bought the baths, including all bathing facilities, land and springs, from the Steffan family for K 1,010,000 retrospectively to January 1, 1901. A specially founded "Aktiengesellschaft Johannisbad" (founded 1920) took over the development of the spa business, extensive investments followed and Johannisbad became a well-known health resort. In 1905 a colonnade was built in the neo-renaissance style.
In 1925, some winter sports enthusiasts were accommodated in Johannisbad when the Nordic World Ski Championships were taking place in the area. A medical institution for the treatment and aftercare of polio (Latin poliomyelitis anterior acuta ) was opened in 1935 in Johannisbad based on the model of Warm Springs (Georgia) . In 1937 the Winter Games of the Workers' Olympics took place. Some of the spa facilities served as a military hospital and to accommodate refugees from eastern Germany during World War II . After the war, the bath was to be completely rebuilt and modernized as part of the Marshall Plan , but these plans were discontinued with the establishment of the People's Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1948. In contrast, some hotels and guest houses have now been converted into union rest homes. The two municipalities of Černá Hora and Janské Lázně merged during this time, and in 1965 the town was granted city rights.
Culture and sights
- Buildings
- Catholic parish church of John the Baptist
- Protestant church
- Colonnades
- Spa houses
- Lookout tower on Černá Hora ( Schwarzenberg , 1299 m).
Parish church
Spa colonnade at night
Kurhaus Terra
3.jpg)
Economy and Infrastructure
After the political upheaval around 1989, Johannisbad was also re-privatized, but the larger spa facilities remained the property of the city and thus the newly formed Czech state . In the late 1990s, the commercial academy for the physically handicapped was expanded and new high-quality hotels were built.
In the 21st century, the city administration had new cable cars, lifts and cross-country trails built, and hiking and biking trails were also created. In addition to its function as a health resort, the city became a supra-regional sports and relaxation center.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g Historical development of Janské Lázně on the town's website ; Retrieved on Nov. 7, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Info from the Czech Wikipedia page.
- ↑ Georg Ignaz Hettmayer: clock jump , opportunity, age description, Wuerckung, use and use of the clock old Johannis bath in the kingdom of Boehaimb. 1688 , printed by the publishing house of Andreas Frantz Pega in Glatz
- ↑ “Healing Waters in the Riesengebirge”, supplement to Riesengebirgsheimat - Heimatblatt for the former districts of Trautenau and Hohenelbe , 5th episode, December 1989 , accessed on August 24, 2018.
- ↑ Marienbad, Franzensbad, Teplitz, Johannisbad, Liebwerda, Bilin, Giesshübl, Sauerbrunn, Krondorf, Neudorf. Ed. Enoch Heinrich Kisch , ao. University professor in Prague, well doctor in Marienbad, 1902, Kuk Hofbuchdruckerei A. Haase, Prague, p. 321ff.