Špindlerův Mlýn
| Špindlerův Mlýn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Trutnov | ||||
| Area : | 7690 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 44 ' N , 15 ° 36' E | ||||
| Height: | 718 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,119 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 543 51 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | II / 295 | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 4th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Bohumír Zeman (as of 2007) | ||||
| Address: | Svatopetrská 173 543 51 Špindlerův Mlýn |
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| Municipality number: | 579742 | ||||
| Website : | www.mestospindleruvmlyn.cz | ||||
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Špindlerův Mlýn ( German Spindleruv Mlyn ) is a town in the Giant Mountains in the Czech Republic . It belongs to the Okres Trutnov in Královéhradecký kraj . The place is 715-1310 m above sea level and has an area of about 77 km².
geography
Spindleruv Mlyn is located at the confluence of the Elbe and Svatopetrský potok (groundwater, literally: Saint Peter brook) . The long Kozí hřbety (goat back) ridge rises to the northeast .
City structure
The districts of Přední Labská (Ochsengraben) , Labská (Krausebauden) , Bedřichov (Friedrichsthal) and Svatý Petr (Sankt Peter) belong to Špindlerův Mlýn . The city stretches northwest to the source of the Elbe , along the border with Poland northeast to the Luční bouda (which is itself administered by Pec), over the Chalupa na Rozcestí , south to just before Strážné and west along the border of the Liberecký kraj .
history
The first mention of Spindleruv Mlyn comes from the first half of the 16th century.
The oldest, more densely populated part of the municipality Spindleruv Mlyn is St. Peter, where silver and copper have been mined since 1516. Bedřichov owes its existence to a glassworks built in 1746. The district is named after Count Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau , whose family owned that part of the Giant Mountains. Spindleruv Mlyn itself came into being in the late 18th century and was founded by forest workers who immigrated from Silesia . The Hollman family of woodcutters settled at the mouth of the Dolský potok in the Elbe . In 1784 there were five huts, a mill and a forester's house. On July 13, 1793, the ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy approved , until 1806 Roman-German Emperor and from 1804 Emperor of Austria , Franz II./I. , through a patent the establishment of a parish and the construction of a church to replace the half-ruined building in Svatý Petr. In the 18th century, ore mining in Svatý Petr was restricted. Since the middle of the 19th century, tourism developed as an increasingly strong economic factor, with Spindleruv Mlyn from 1850 forming a municipality in the Hohenelbe judicial district or in the Hohenelbe district . From 1939 to 1945 Spindelmühle in the Giant Mountains belonged to the Reichsgau Sudetenland . After the end of the Second World War , on the basis of the Beneš decrees, the until then mostly German-speaking population of the place had to leave the place during the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia in 1945/1946. Today in Špindlerův Mlýn mainly Czech-speaking residents live.
Place names
The original name of the place was Spindlers Mühle , named after the mill owner Spindler. Colloquially, however, the place was mostly called spindle mill ; only gradually did Spindleruv Mlyn prevail . This fact was taken into account in 1923 with an official name change. The name variant spindle mill corresponded to the Czech name Vřetenský Mlýn (to vřeteno 'spindle'), which was also used after the Second World War. After a long discussion it was changed to Špindlerův Mlýn 'Spindler's Mill'.
tourism
Even at the beginning of the 20th century, the place was visited by people who were subject to climate change in relation to their health . At the end of January 1922, on the recommendation of his family doctor , Franz Kafka came to Spindleruv Mlyn, where he stayed for four weeks and began working on the novel Das Schloss under the impression of the local area as recorded in writing .
Today tourism is by far the largest economic factor not only in Špindlerův Mlýn, but in the entire Giant Mountains. Especially in winter, the population of the place can increase more than tenfold due to the tourists who come mainly from the Czech Republic, Poland , Germany and the Netherlands . Spindleruv Mlyn has some of the best ski slopes in the Giant Mountains. In addition to groomed cross-country ski trails, there is a large, well-marked network of ski hiking trails. International ski competitions are held in Spindleruv Mlyn. Numerous hiking trails and mountain bike routes have been designated for summer tourism. In 1967 the world championship in white water racing took place on the Elbe .
In the district of Labská (Krausenbauden) is the Krausebauden dam (Labská dam), in which the Elbe is dammed.
Personalities associated with the city
- Karl Johann Spindler (17th to 18th century, exact dates of life unknown), namesake of the place, ran a mill in Spindleruv Mlyn, the exact location of which is also unknown (that of the former hotel "Spindelmühle" is assumed)
- Fabian Donth (* Rochlitz; †?), Founded a glassworks in Friedrichsthal / Krausebauden in 1746
- Eduard Rudolf Petrák (born November 22, 1855 Horní Branné; † September 27, 1931 Prague), teacher and 1880 founder of the Austrian Giant Mountains Association on site, who made a contribution to the cultural and tourist development of the place; Co-editor of the periodical "The Riesengebirge in words and pictures" (1881–1898)
- Johann Hollmann (born September 25, 1885 - † November 26, 1967 in Eßlingen), German ski champion 1907
- Otto Möhwald (born January 19, 1933 in Krausebauden; † October 28, 2016), German painter and graphic artist
- Paul Alfred Kleinert (* 1960), the writer spent part of his childhood and youth in Bedřichov and Svatý Petr in the 1970s
Attractions
- Elbe spring (Pramen Labe) - at an altitude of 1386 m, a concrete fountain ring represents the symbolic source of the Elbe (Pramen Labe). The actual source is a little higher.
- Pantschefall (Pančavský vodopad) - 140 m high waterfall from the edge of Pantschewiese to the base of the Elbe valley.
- Elbfall (Labský vodopád) - At the Elbfallbaude, the water falls 45 m over steep rapids, the water falls another 200 m on the wall of the Elbe gorge into the Elbgrund.
- Elbklemme (Labská soutěska) - 3 km of rapids, pots and kettle washouts at Kukačka.
literature
- Peter-André Alt : Franz Kafka. The Eternal Son. A biography. 2nd, revised edition, special edition. Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57535-8 .
- Hansjörg Küster : The Elbe. Landscape and history. Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-56209-9 .
- Jiří Louda, Blanka Zázvorková: Špindlerův Mlýn. Paseka, Praha et al. 2007, ISBN 978-80-7185-867-6 .
- Josef Richter, Roland Fischer, Paul Hollman: The old home Spindelmühle, St. Peter - Friedrichsthal in the Riesengebirge (= local register series of the home district Hohenelbe, Riesengebirge eV Vol. 3, ZDB -ID 2292740-2 ). Heimatkreis Hohenelbe / Riesengebirge eV, Marktoberdorf 1994.
- Frank Schüttig: Discover the Giant Mountains. Rübezahl's land on the Czech-Polish border. With the Jizera Mountains and Adršpach Rocks, trips to Görlitz and Breslau and a guide for winter sports enthusiasts. 3rd, updated and expanded edition. Trescher, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-928409-69-7 .
- Izabela Taraszczuk: The child of the High Elbe returns to the source. A memorial stone in honor of Alder Bach was unveiled in Špindlerův Mlýn . In: Silesia today. Independent magazine for Lower and Upper Silesia, No. 8/2016, pp. 28–29.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Schüttig: The Giant Mountains. 3rd, updated and expanded edition. 2002, p. 146.
- ↑ a b Küster: The Elbe. 2007, p. 23 . Retrieved November 25, 2015.
- ↑ Drive to Spindelmühle. In: Alt: Franz Kafka. 2nd, revised edition, special edition. 2008, pp. 588-591 . Retrieved November 25, 2015.