Velký Vřešťov

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Velký Vřešťov
Coat of arms of Velký Vřešťov
Velký Vřešťov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Královéhradecký kraj
District : Trutnov
Area : 849 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 21 '  N , 15 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 21 '21 "  N , 15 ° 45' 8"  E
Height: 273  m nm
Residents : 230 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 544 54
License plate : H
traffic
Street: Hořiněves - Dvůr Králové nad Labem
structure
Status: Městys
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Dagmar Hrochová (as of 2017)
Address: Velký Vřešťov 34
544 54 Velký Vřešťov
Municipality number: 579793
Website : www.velkyvrestov.cz

Velký Vřešťov (German Markt Bürglitz , formerly Groß Bürglitz or Bürglitz ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located 18 kilometers north of the city center of Hradec Králové and belongs to the Okres Trutnov .

geography

The municipality is located in the southern tip of the Okres Trutnov near the borders with the Okres Hradec Králové and Okres Jičín . Velký Vřešťov is located on the right bank of the Trotina in a valley between the Horschitzer sandstone ridge and the Velichovská tabule ( Welchow table ). To the west rises the Šibeniční kopec ( Gallows Mountain, 301 m), in the northwest of the Na Vlčích (359 m) and the Vinice (361 m). The remains of the Vřešťov castle lie on a wooded hill to the south-east of the village. To the northwest lies the Velký rybník pond . South of Velký Vřešťov, the Trotina and its tributary Od Vlčích are dammed in the Velkovřešťovský rybník pond. The nature reserve Vřešťovská bažantnice lies to the southeast .

Neighboring towns are Lhotka, Miřejov and Sedlec in the north, U Doleního Mlýna and Vilantice in the northeast, Chotěborky in the east, Malý Vřešťov and Jeřičky in the southeast, Na Pile, Žíželeves, Želkovice and Čenice in the south, Cřvice nad Bystřicít , and Jeřebice in the south. Skála and Boháňka in the west and Maňovice and Dolenec in the northwest.

history

A medieval trade route ran through the Trotina valley from Hradec Králové to the north. It is believed that the Vřešťov castle together with the Vysoká (probably Velehrádek) and Dubí (probably in the Vřešťovská bažantnice) castles already existed at the end of the 10th century and was one of the 987 named three castles ( Trojhradí ). The castle was probably rebuilt in the middle of the 13th century and a village was founded at its foot, which, as its economic center, soon expanded into a market. The castle and the town of Wrzesstiow were first mentioned in 1279 in the Dalimil chronicle in connection with the battle of Hořiněves , in which Mutina von Wrzesstiow defeated a Brandenburg mercenary army.

Wrzesstiow has only been documented as a property of the Lords of Riesenburg since 1348 . The branch of the family based on Wrzesstiow was called Wrzesstiowsky von Riesenburg ( Vřešťovští z Rýzmburka ). Like other branches of this family, including the Rashin von Riesenburg , they had the stirrup in their coat of arms. Alesch Wrzesstiowsky von Riesenburg ( Aleš Vřešťovský z Rýzmburka ) joined the Orebites at the beginning of the Hussite Wars . After they separated from the orphans after Jan Žižka's death , he became the leader of the Orebites. After the fighting ended, he was elected to the Bohemian Estates Assembly on December 1, 1433. On August 14, 1436, King Sigismund appointed Alesch Wrzesstiowsky, who was not very affectionate to him, as Oberstlandschreiber. In addition to this meaningless office, Alesch received four villages from the property of the now extinct Opatovice monastery as pledges. Alesch left two sons of the same name. They sold the inherited property to Johann Zajíc von Hasenburg . He was one of the founders of the Grünberg Alliance against the utraquist King George of Podebrady on November 28, 1465 . In 1467 the castle was captured and destroyed by the troops of George of Podebrady.

At the end of the 15th century Věnek Kordul von Slaupno acquired the property and put the title on Wrzesstiow ( Vřešťov ). He was followed by his son Sigismund Heinrich, who took part in the Bohemian class uprising in 1618 . After the battle of the White Mountain , Wrzesstiow's rule was reduced to a feud and Sigismund Heinrich was charged with treason. The pending proceedings could not be completed because of his flight abroad. After Sigismund Heinrich Slaupno von Wrzesstiow died in 1638, his goods were confiscated. Gerhard Lux ​​von Luxenstein was appointed administrator. The Thirty Years' War brought the decline of the once populous and prosperous town, which was privileged with several annual and cattle markets and its own jurisdiction. In 1650 Bürglitz consisted of only 33 houses in which 180 people lived. The authorities used this time as an opportunity to withdraw most of the old privileges. In 1675 the court chamber sold the estate to Johann von Sporck , who united it with his rule Hořeniowes . A big fire on St. Stanislaus Day in 1720 reduced the entire town to rubble and ashes. In 1790 Emperor Joseph II bought the rule because he needed parts of the land for the construction of the fortress Ples . He then united them with Smiřice to form one rule. The ruin of the castle led to the complete collapse of the walls in the 19th century. The residents of the surrounding towns used the stones as building material and continued the demolition. During the storm on June 16, 1819, lightning struck house number 32 and killed two girls there. The fire spread quickly and destroyed 32 houses, the church tower and the school. To finance the reconstruction, the impoverished town was forced to sell the remaining privileges to the towns of Königinhof and Horschitz for a small price . In 1834 Vřešťov / Groß Bürglitz consisted of 77 houses with 533 inhabitants, ten of whom were Protestants. The Catholic parish was Chotěborky. Until the middle of the 19th century, the village was subordinate to the Imperial and Royal Chamber of Commerce Smiritz - Hořeniowes .

From 1850 Vřešťov / Markt Bürglitz with the districts Malý Vřešťov ( Klein Bürglitz ) and Čenice ( Czenitz ) formed a community in the Königgrätz district administration . In 1863 the textile manufacturer Johann von Liebieg acquired the Smiritz-Hořeniowes estate. He had a veranda built on the castle hill, which became the center of cultural events. Liebieg also intended to build a spa at the iron spring. This bath never came about, however, and in 1881 his son Franz had to cede the over-indebted rule to the kk family fund, to which the property belonged until 1918. In 1873 a post office was set up. The Czech place name Vřešťov was changed in 1880 to Velký Vřešťov . In 1900 the market Velký Vřešťov including its districts consisted of 99 houses in which 559 Czechs and five Germans lived. In October 1903 the community was assigned to the Nová Paka district . In 1904 the community had 662 inhabitants who lived in 105 houses. The population was steadily declining in the 20th century. In 1926 the church of the Czechoslovak Hussite Congregation was built at the northern end of the village . In 1928 the market came to Okres Dvůr Králové nad Labem. The district of Čenice was divided into two parts, of which only Čenice 1. díl belonged to Velký Vřešťov; Čenice 2. díl was attached to Cerekvice nad Bystřicí. After 1948 Velký Vřešťov lost its status as Městys and sank to the village. After the dissolution of the Okres Dvůr Králové nad Labem, the place was added to the Okres Trutnov in 1961 . Since March 1, 1980, Čenice 1. díl and Malý Vřešťov are no longer considered districts. On October 9, 2014, Velký Vřešťov's status as Městys was renewed.

Legend of the origin of the castle name

There is an old legend about the origin of the castle name Vřešťov, according to which a hermit hermit used to live here. A prince went to see him to seek healing for his seriously ill daughter. After the prince got lost in the forest, he was guided to his destination by the shrill screams of a howler monkey ( Vřešťan in Czech ), which the well-traveled doctor had brought as a gift from afar. The hermit was able to heal the prince's daughter, but did not accept the rich reward for it. The prince then vowed to build a castle on the spot where the howler monkey's screaming had led him on the right path, which he would call Vřešťov in memory of the monkey and the rescue of his daughter .

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Velký Vřešťov. The settlements Čenice 1.dil ( Tschenitz 1st share ), Malý Vřešťov ( Klein Bürglitz ) and Na Pile belong to Velký Vřešťov .

Attractions

  • Church of All Saints, the Gothic building from the 14th century was expanded in the 17th century with the addition of a tower. It received its baroque appearance in 1723 when it was rebuilt after a fire at the instigation of Johann von Sporck. In the church there are epitaphs of the Kordul family from Slaupno.
  • 17th century pillory
  • Statue of St. Trinity, created 1843
  • Empire style farms from the 19th century
  • Remains of the Vřešťov castle; the facility built in the 13th was destroyed in 1467 by the troops of George von Podebrady. The ruins subsequently fell into disrepair and the walls collapsed. In the 18th century, the castle still had a few dilapidated walls and the castle cellar. The residents increasingly used the ruins as a quarry for building houses. Only walls and ditches as well as the overgrown foundation walls and some hidden cellars are preserved today.
  • The Velkovřešťovský rybník pond with a water surface of 26 ha serves as a recreation area, along its southern bank there is a holiday home area
  • Pond Velký rybník with peat meadows
  • Vřešťovská bažantnice nature reserve , the oak-hornbeam population with populations of rare plants is also an important bird nesting area. It has been under protection since 1949 on an area of ​​21 ha. There is a stable on the site, which is believed to be the Dubí Castle.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 4: Königgrätzer Kreis. Calve, Prague 1836, p. 62.
  3. http://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/text2.sqw?idd=101648