Dolní Olešnice

Dolní Olešnice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Královéhradecký kraj
District :	Trutnov
Area :	1260 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 31 '  N , 15 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 30 '49 "  N , 15 ° 43' 47"  E
Height:	340  m nm
Residents :	373 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	543 75
License plate :	H
traffic
Street:	Nová Paka - Trutnov
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Radoslava Cermanová (as of 2011)
Address:	Dolní Olešnice 39 543 71 Hostinné
Municipality number:	579173
Website :	www.dolniolesnice.cz

St. James Church

Dolní Olešnice (German Nieder Oels ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located two kilometers southwest of Hostinné and belongs to the Okres Trutnov .

geography

Dolní Olešnice is located on the northern edge of the Kingdom Forest in the Giant Mountains foreland. The village extends in the valley of Kalenský potok and forms together with the north-west adjoining Prostřední Olešnice and Horní Olešnice an elongated forest hoof village . To the east rises the Svatá Kateřina (511 m), in the southeast of the Bradlo (519 m), south of the Pecen (520 m) and northwest of the Slemenský Kopec (448 m).

Neighboring towns are Dobrá Mysl, Na Poště and Hostinné in the north, Karlovka in the northeast, Chotěvice in the east, Nové Zámky , Vestřev and Horní Debrné in the southeast, Zadní Mostek and Debrné in the south, Borovnička , Borovnice and Zadní řdírnice in the west, Prostnice in the south and Horní Olešnice and Klášterská Lhota in the north-west.

history

The first mention of the reign Miletín associated provinciam Olesnich took place in 1241 when Domoslava of Vchynice the rule with the consent of King Wenceslas I the Teutonic Knights gave. The place name is derived from the Kalenský creek, which is also called Olešnice. It is believed that the Olešnice valley was the starting point of the German colonization of the Hostinnér area. The mountain Bradlo was the site of a castle of the Teutonic Knights, which became extinct around 1325. In 1325 the village was called super Olesnycz and in 1360 as Olesnycz . In the 14th century the Kommende ceded the village to the Lordship of Hostinné and in 1396 it was called Olessnicz prope Hostina and in 1493 for Ölssen . Non -Catholic priests worked in Olessnicz since the Hussite Wars . In the 16th century several village communities began to develop in the Olešnice Valley. Horní Olešnice was first mentioned in 1507 as olessniczy horzegssie and in 1598 Prostřední Olešnice was first mentioned as a community of the village of Öls der Mittel . Most of the time, however, the village was designated as a whole, so in 1543 as Hostinske Olessniczy , 1565 as zur Böhmischen Oelse , 1595 as zur Öls , 1638 as Ölss , 1698 as Ahrnawer Ölße , 1743 as Elß and 1781 as Langen Elß . During the War of the Bavarian Succession , the school served as the headquarters of Emperor Joseph II for six weeks in 1778 , while Frederick II was located a few kilometers east on Kahlenberg ( Lysé vrchy ) near Ketzelsdorf ( Kocléřov ). The Prussians avoided occupying the Katharinaberg because it had a reputation for being completely undermined. The parish, which died out after the Thirty Years' War, was established again in 1787. In 1794 a new school building was built. From 1800 a school assistant was employed who taught in the distant towns of Ober Oels and Doberney in winter. In 1834 Nieder-Oels / Wolessnice dolenj , located on Schlesische Strasse, consisted of 94 houses, including a mill, and had 573 residents. The village was the parish for Ober-, Mittel- and Nieder-Oels, Neuschloß, Neustädtel and Döberney. Ober-, Mittel- and Nieder-Oels, although they formed their own village communities, were mostly regarded as a village of Langen-Oels or Oels near Arnau . Until the middle of the 19th century, Nieder-Oels was always subject to the Arnau rulership .

After the abolition of patrimonial Nieder Oels / Dolní Olešnice with the districts Neuschloß / Nové Zámky and Neustadt / Vestřev formed a community in the judicial district of Arnau and in the Hohenelbe district from 1850 . The German-speaking village was on the language border - Kalná, Ždírnice and Slemeno were Czech-speaking.

In 1930 there were 1,023 people in the community, in 1939 there were 967. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Nieder Oels was annexed to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Hohenelbe district until 1945 . After the Second World War, the place, whose population consisted mostly of Germans, came back to Czechoslovakia. As a result of the expulsion of German residents, the number of residents fell sharply from 1946. After the dissolution of the Okres Vrchlabí Dolní Olešnice was assigned to the Okres Trutnov at the beginning of 1961. On January 1, 1989 the incorporation into Horní Olešnice took place , at the same time Vestřev and Nové Zámky lost their status as a district. Dolní Olešnice broke away on September 1, 1990 and has since formed its own municipality. In October 2002, after the destruction of ten overgrown graves of Sudeten Germans in the cemetery, the mayoress of the municipality came under criticism from both country teams and the Trutnov district office.

Local division

No districts are designated for the municipality of Dolní Olešnice. The community is also the settlements dolní olešnice I ( low Oels 1 ), dolní olešnice II ( low Oels 2 ), Nove Zámky ( Neuschloß ) and Vestřev ( Neustadt ). The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Olešnice and Vestřev.

Attractions

• Parish church of St. Jakob, the late Gothic building, built in 1559 from white sandstone, was expanded in 1589 by the builder Carlo Valmadi. In 1608 the tower was added and in 1629 another extension took place. The church is protected as a cultural monument.
• Baroque rectory, built 1787–1790 with substantial support from Count Joseph Bolza on Arnau
• Nové Zámky Castle , built 1590–1608 in the Renaissance style as a mansion and later redesigned in Baroque style. It is surrounded by a castle park and protected as a cultural monument. After the sale to the Czech-Russian corporation Ventus in 2011, the Ventus Castle Park is inaccessible.
• Walled cemetery with a renaissance gate from 1578
• Statue of St. Anthony of Padua, created 1799
• Calvary column from 1797
• Several niche chapels
• Timbered houses with sandstone masonry in folk construction

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ http://www.riesengebirgler.de/gebirge/orte/Ortschaften_1.htm
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 3: Bidschower Kreis. Calve, Prague 1835, pp. 220-221.
4. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Hohenelbe district (Czech. Vrchlabí). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
5. ↑ Destruction of graves of Sudeten Germans in Dolni Olesnice should not be repeated
6. ↑ ^{a b} Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/regiony/136039-verejne-cesty-v-dolni-olesnici-jsou-pristupne-jen-s-hlidacem/

Web links

• Brief portrait on www.podkrkonosi.info

Commons : Dolní Olešnice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files