Radvanice v Čechách

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Radvanice
Radvanice coat of arms
Radvanice v Čechách (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Královéhradecký kraj
District : Trutnov
Area : 1076 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 34 '  N , 16 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '58 "  N , 16 ° 3' 0"  E
Height: 521  m nm
Residents : 972 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 542 12
License plate : H
traffic
Street: Police nad Metují - Trutnov
Railway connection: Trutnov – Teplice nad Metují
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Vladimír Diblík (as of 2012)
Address: Radvanice 160
542 12 Radvanice v Čechách
Municipality number: 579629
Website : www.radvanice.cz
Radvanice train station

Radvanice (German Radowenz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eleven kilometers east of Trutnov and belongs to the Okres Trutnov .

geography

Radvanice is located in the valley of the Jívka brook in the Habicht Mountains . To the north rises the Přední Hradiště (710 m), in the northeast the Čáp ( Storchberg , 785 m), east of the Hradiště (683 m), in the southeast the Kolčarka (691 m) and south of the Žaltman ( witch's stone , 739 m). The Trutnov – Teplice nad Metují railway runs on the northern outskirts .

Neighboring towns are Chvaleč and Hodkovice in the north, Janovice and Nové Dvorky in the north-east, Skály , Studnice and Horní Vernéřovice in the east, Dolní Vernéřovice, Jívka and Petrovice in the south-east, Přední Hory, Malé Svatoňovice and Velké Svatoňovice in the south, Zadní Svatoňovice Starý Sedloňov in the southwest, Paseka, Markoušovice and Studénka in the west and Slavětín in the northwest.

history

According to tradition, the origins of the village go back to the reign of Duke Udalrich . According to legend, the settlement is said to have been founded in 1023 by a Rademacher named Wenzel and named after him. Another tradition reports that after the Trutnov district was surrendered to a legendary knight Trut, he founded the Trutnov fortress and divided the forests among his foresters. One of them, Christoph Materna, is said to have founded the village of Radvanice at his farm. It is more likely, however, that the place was created much later and the place name is derived from the personal name Radvan.

The first written mention of Radwanicze took place in 1607. In 1790 the village was called Radowanicz or Radowencz and consisted of 61 houses. In 1834 Radowenz / Radwanice consisted of 123 houses in which 814 people lived. In the village there was a school, a hunter's house, three canvas bleachers, two bars, two mills and a board saw. A knight's castle is said to have stood on the wooded hill near the old castle , some relics of which were still preserved at that time. Parish was Ober Wernersdorf . The trade in Schleißen (light shavings) was an important source of income for the residents. Until the middle of the 19th century, the village was subject to the Starkstadt family entails rule.

From 1850 Radowenz / Radvanice with the districts Brenden / Paseka and Schönborn / Studénka formed a municipality in the judicial district of Trautenau and in the district of Trautenau . In the second half of the 19th century the village turned into a mining settlement. In 1930 Radowenz had 778 inhabitants. After the Munich Agreement , the municipality was added to the German Reich and until 1945 belonged to the Trautenau district . In 1939 there were 704 people living in Radowenz. After the end of World War II, the village came back to Czechoslovakia and the German residents were expelled. In 1948 Slavětín was incorporated.

Around Radvanice there are heaps of several disused coal mines.

Mining and geology

The Radowenzer Valley belongs to the deposit of the Schatzlar coal basin ( Žacléřská černouhelná pánev ), which is also known as the East Bohemian coal basin ( Východočeská uhelná pánev ). R. Manger started the coal mining in the Cölestin mine between Slavětín and Chvaleč in the 1830s . In 1840 Franz Lamprecht extracted 400 t of hard coal in his 22 pit dimensions between Radvanice and Jívka. Another mine was opened by the Klein-Lanna & Liebig company in the late 1840s . Subsequently, hard coal was mined in a large number of shafts in civil engineering. In the 1850s, the total annual output from these small pits was 2000 t. However, the coal produced was of poor quality.

In the course of the growing demand for hard coal, the Völker family opened the Anna and Balthasar mines in 1885, which were shut down again after ten years of operation due to unprofitability. The mine operated by Franz Pfeiffer was more successful. After ten years it was finally subject to the disadvantage of its location compared to the mines in Schwadowitz , which had a railway connection to Jermer .

After the First World War, S. Wolf acquired the Radowenzer mines and founded the Radowenzer coal union ( Radvanickékomouhelné těžařstvo ) with other interested parties . After the Cölestin mine was closed in 1922, it was merged with the Katharina colliery, to which all other Radowenzer mines were added during the global economic crisis. The production of the Katharina mine increased steadily between 1926 and 1930. In contrast to the country's large coalfields, which primarily supplied heavy industry, the coal from the Radowenzer mines was primarily supplied to the light and food industries; The main buyers were sugar factories, the railway and the new power plant in Parschnitz, which required 70,000 t of coal annually. As a result, the Radowenzer coal union survived the global economic crisis essentially without restrictions.

The boom in the armaments industry in the second half of the 1930s led to an increase in the output of the Radowenzer mines to 70,000 t per year (1937). After the German occupation, the Západočeského báňského akciového spolku (ZBAS, German: “Westböhmische Bergbau AG”) belonging to the Jewish Erlanger family was “ Aryanized ” until 1941 and connected to the Sudetenland mining company . In 1942, the Radowenzer coal union sold the Katharina mine to the ZBAS due to a lack of operating capital. In 1943 and 1944, 97,000 tons of coal were mined in the Katharina mine. The development of the seams was advanced at greater depths.

After the Second World War, mining was accelerated with the expansion of the Kateřina mine. In early 1946, Důl Kateřina was nationalized and the Východočeské uhelné doly (VUD, German: "East Bohemian coal mines") connected. In 1952 the mine was named Důl Stachanov and was placed under the administration of the Joachimsthal uranium mines. From April 1, 1957, the Kateřina mine was reconnected to the VUD. After the deepest seams were approached in the 1970s, production stagnated from 1978.

After the political change, the coal mining in the Schatzlar area was no longer competitive on the open world market, so that it was decided to stop it by 1996. Declining production volumes and the increase in production costs led to this date being brought forward to the end of 1992. Gemec sro then took over the custody and securing of the mine workings . The last coal from the Kateřina mine was mined in 1994. The new Stachanov pit at the station reached the greatest depth at 700 m.

A total of 13 million tons of hard coal were mined in the Radvanice mines. In addition, there is an unspecified production volume of radioactive ores in the Stachanov mine between 1952 and 1957.

Radvanice is the site of the rare minerals hoelite , kratochvílite , mullite and tugarinovite .

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Radvanice. The settlements Paseka ( Brenden ), Slavětín ( Slatin ) and Studénka ( Schönborn ) belong to Radvanice .

Attractions

  • Neo-Romanesque church of John the Baptist, built in 1899
  • Marian column at the church, created in 1865
  • Chapel of St. Josef in Slavětín, built around 1900
  • Observation tower on the mountain Žaltman ( Hexenstein )
  • Zkamenělý les ( Petrified Forest ) with remains of silicified ferns
  • Timbered chalets
  • Winter sports area Studénka with ski lift
  • several bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall , built between 1933 and 1938

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Emmanuel Johann Schöbel (1824–1909), Bishop of Leitmeritz and Grand Master of the Lords of the Cross with the Red Star

Individual evidence

  1. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. http://www.riesengebirgler.de/gebirge/orte/Ortschaften_1.htm

Web links