Česká Skalice
| Česká Skalice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | After that | ||||
| Area : | 1736 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 24 ' N , 16 ° 3' E | ||||
| Height: | 284 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,078 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 552 03 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Jaroměř – Trutnov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 6th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Tomáš Hubka (as of 2006) | ||||
| Address: | třída TGMasaryka 80 552 03 Česká Skalice |
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| Municipality number: | 573990 | ||||
| Website : | www.ceskaskalice.cz | ||||
Česká Skalice (German: Böhmisch Skalitz ) is a city in Okres Náchod in the Czech Republic . It lies on the Aupa , a tributary of the Elbe . The municipality of Malá Skalice , which was independent until 1942, also belongs to Česká Skalice .
history
Česká Skalice originally developed from two settlements, which were later called "Kleinskalitz" ( Malá Skalice ; also: Skalička ) and "Großskalitz" ( Velká Skalice ). The Kleinskalitz Fortress ( tvrz maloskalická ), located at a ford on the right bank of the Aupa, was supposed to secure the important road connection from Prague via Nachod and Glatz to Wroclaw , while the Großskalitz Fortress ( tvrz velkoskalická ) on the left bank of the river should secure the route through the Aupa Valley to Úpice and Schweidnitz .
The first indirect written mention of Skalice comes from the year 1238, when Peter von Skalitz ( Petr ze Skalice ) is mentioned as a witness in a document. It is believed that his family had owned the Kleinskalitzer Feste and the associated settlement since the beginning of the 13th century . He and his sons Tas and Sezema built the castles Wiesenburg , Riesenburg and Rothenburg on the middle Aupa with the support of the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl .
After several changes of ownership, Kleinskalitz, which was an independent rule until 1575, acquired Hedwig Smiřická of Smiřice , a granddaughter of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady . She incorporated Kleinskalitz to the Nachod rule , which she administered for her underage son Vaclav Smiřický of Smiřice and after his death in 1593 for her grandson Albrecht Vaclav Smiřický of Smiřice.
A settlement developed around the Großskalitz festivals , which was owned by Hynek Hlaváč of Dauba ( Hynek Hlaváč z Dubé ) in 1336 . In 1366 it belonged to the Vaňak von Boskowitz ( Vaňak z Boskovic ). After his death in 1380 it went to his brothers Tas and Oldřich. In 1393, Jetřich von Janowitz ( Jetřich z Janovic ) acquired Großskalitz , who incorporated it into his Nachod reign.
From 1575 both districts belonged to the Nachod rule. Economic development was encouraged under the rule of the Smiřický von Smiřice family. After their goods were confiscated after the Battle of the White Mountain , Groß- and Kleinkalitz came to the Trčka of Lípa . Adam Erdmann Trčka von Lípa granted Großskalitz several privileges on June 24, 1631. This included an annual cattle market, two annual wool markets and a weekly grain market.
In the 1840s, Skalice was a center of national revival . The corresponding activities were supported by Václav Kliment Klicpera , among others . Also with the so-called " Dahlia Festival " ( Jiřinkové slavnosti ) from 1837 the goals of national renewal were pursued. In 1837 the industrialist Hermann Dietrich Lindheim set up a cotton spinning mill in Kleinskalitz , which later passed to the von Löbbecke family.
On June 28, 1866, the Battle of Skalitz between Prussian and Austrian troops took place nearby . Numerous monuments still commemorate the victory of the Prussians under General Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz over the Austrians under Archduke Leopold.
In the second half of the 19th century, the then owner of the Nachod estate, Prince Wilhelm zu Schaumburg-Lippe , initiated the construction of irrigation systems and other measures to improve the soil on Skalitz meadows . As a result, the amount of hay extracted was more than doubled from 170 tons in 1875 to 384 tons in 1881. At the International World Exhibition in Paris in 1889 , the Nachod reign received a high distinction. In 1892 Ladislav Bartoň-Dobenín , a son of the textile industrialist Josef Bartoň, founded a textile dyeing and printing company in Česká Skalice. During the communist rule after World War II , the irrigation systems were left to decay. The efforts to preserve part of the facility as a technical monument were also unsuccessful.
Both Böhmisch Skalitz, which bore the name Großskalitz until the 18th century, and Kleinskalitz have been ravaged by numerous fires and floods over the years. Both districts belonged to the Neustadt an der Mettau district and were on the Josefstadt - Liebau railway . In Bohemian Skalitz there was a district court, a beer brewery and a steam board saw around 1880.
In the vicinity of Česká Skalice lies the recreational area of the Rozkoš reservoir , to the east of the town the Úpský přivaděč feeds the reservoir water from the Úpa.
Local division
The town of Česká Skalice consists of the districts Česká Skalice ( Bohemian Skalitz ), Malá Skalice ( Kleinskalitz ), Ratibořice ( Ratiborschitz ), Spyta ( Spitta ), Zájezd ( ford ) and Zlíč ( Slitsch ).
Attractions
- The town hall from 1586 was rebuilt after several fires, most recently in 1864 in neo -Gothic style.
- The parish church of the Assumption of Mary contains a carved high altar from 1712.
- A museum commemorates the writer Božena Němcová , who spent her childhood in nearby Ratibořice and went to school in Česká Skalice. A textile museum is attached.
- The old school is a wooden building from 1798
- Babiččino údolí "Grandmother's Valley"
- Vila Čerych, built 1924–1925 by the textile entrepreneur Ladislav Bartoň-Dobenín for his niece Marie Bartoň-Čerychová (* 1902), daughter of Cyril Bartoň-Dobenín . The architect Otakar Novotný (1880–1959) created the design. The villa has been a listed building since 1958.
Personalities
- Josef Myslimír Ludvík (1796–1856), Czech patriotically minded writer and Roman Catholic priest
- Božena Němcová (1820–1862), Czech writer
- Ladislav Bartoň-Dobenín (1858–1939), textile entrepreneur
Web links
- History of the town of Česká Skalice
- Personalities of the town of Česká Skalice
- Božena Němcová Museum