Velichovky
| Velichovky | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | After that | ||||
| Area : | 796 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 21 ' N , 15 ° 51' E | ||||
| Height: | 302 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 736 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 552 11 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Jaroměř - Miletín | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Josef Karel (as of 2008) | ||||
| Address: | Na zátiší 1 552 11 Velichovky |
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| Municipality number: | 574554 | ||||
| Website : | www.obecvelichovky.cz | ||||
Velichovky (German Welchow ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers west of Jaroměř and belongs to the Okres Náchod . Velichovky gained importance as a mud bath since the beginning of the 20th century and was the headquarters of Army Group Center at the end of World War II .
geography
Velichovky is located at the foot of the Chloumek hill (337 m) in the eastern foothills of the Horschitz sandstone ridge on the Velichovská tabule ( Welchower table ) in Eastern Bohemia. To the west lies the valley of the Litíčský creek and to the east that of the Jordan . To the south, the forest area of the Panský les joins the village . To the south-west of the Hustířanka valley are the remains of the Rotemberk and Vražba castles .
Neighboring towns are Nouzov and Litíč in the north, Vestec in the north-east, Rtyně and Cihelny in the east, Dolní Dolce and Rožnov in the south-east, Neznášov and Habřina in the south, Hustířany in the south-west, Chotěborky in the west and Kalmovec and Dubenec in the north-west.
history
The first documentary mention of the village Welichow took place in the country table in 1389 , when the widow of Jířík von Hustířan transferred an obligation about the village to the church in Žíželeves. Until the end of the 16th century, the Rodovský von Hustířan dynasty owned the village, which was part of the Rotemberk Castle estate.
In 1524 Jan the Elder Rodovský von Hustířan, who had taken over the property from his father the year before, had a one-storey wooden fortress built on the site of the current town hall. Jan's son Bavor (1526–1592) gained importance as an alchemist and astronomer at the court of Rudolf II . After Jan the Elder's death, the property fell to Bavor's brother Bedřich in 1565. He died in 1591 and found his final resting place in the St. Wenceslas Church on Chloumek near Habřina . The rule of the Rodovský von Hustířan family was inherited by the imperial councilor Christoph Želínský von Sebuzín, a relative of the widow. In 1603 Hannibal von Waldstein , an uncle of the later military leader Albrecht von Waldstein , bought the Velichovky estate. Hannibal von Waldstein, who was also the owner of the lordships of Arnau , Hermannseifen and Hermanitz , had a Kalixtine church built in 1616 , which became Catholic around 1627. Hannibal von Waldstein sold Velichovky in 1620 to Anna Salomena von Horschowitz, the third wife of Christoph Harant von Polschitz and Weseritz . After the execution of her husband, the widow married Hermann Czernin von Chudenitz in 1625 , who became the owner of Velichovky after her death in 1632. In 1637 Czernin acquired Kost Castle and joined Velichovky to the rule of the same name. During the Thirty Years War in 1643 the Swedes devastated the place and also robbed the church.
In 1648 the reconstruction of the village began. Instead of the wooden houses, stone farm buildings were built. The burned down fortress was also replaced by a stone castle. In 1731 the Mladota von Solopisk family acquired the Velichovky estate from the Czernin family. The last owner from the Mladota family was Joseph Christoph Mladota, who took over the property in 1760 together with his wife Helene, née Tagler von Sicherskirchen. In 1777 Johann Paul Patzalt von Adelschwung bought Velichovy. Patzalt moved into the castle and made Velichovy his seat and center of life until his death in 1793. In 1803 Johann Podivin Ritter von Höpflingen and Bergendorf acquired the rule Welchow. He was head of the Königgrätzer Kreis and died in 1830. He was followed by his son Adalbert († 1861). After the abolition of patrimonial Velichovky became an independent municipality in the Dvůr Králové nad Labem district in 1848 .
In 1897 the sisters Berta Freifrau von Bess-Chrostin and Gabriele Freifrau von Spens-Boden, the daughters of Adalbert von Höpflingen and Bergendorf, founded a mud bath on the eastern edge of the village. A public limited company was founded as the sponsor of the bath, the main shareholder of which was Count Harrach on Bürgles .
The castle was owned by the von Höpflingen and Bergendorf family until 1907. In 1918, the Czechoslovak Central Administration of Health Insurance in Prague acquired Bad Welchow. The bath was then modernized and expanded and a park was created. In 1926, the Czechoslovak President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk went to Velichovky for a spa stay. The main building of the bath was named after him as "Masarykův dům".
During the Second World War, Bad Welchow was initially closed and later used as a military hospital. During the last days of the war, on March 28, 1945, under the code name “Florian”, the bath area became the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Center , Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner and his General Staff. The area was hermetically sealed off and guarded by SS men. A field airfield was built north of the baths, and Schörner's personal machine, a Fieseler Storch , was also available there. On April 26, 1945, the head of the Protectorate Administration, Karl Hermann Frank , presumably accompanied by Konrad Henlein , attended a meeting with Schörner. Between April 29th and April 4th / 5th May 1945 General Andrei Andreevich Vlasov lived in a hotel in Welchow and was closely monitored by German military personnel during his stay. On May 8, 1945, a US military convoy under Lieutenant Colonel Robert Pratt came to Bad Welchow with the courier of Grand Admiral Dönitz , Wilhelm Meyer-Detring , and gave Schörner a copy of the German certificate of surrender. The following day Schörner left for Austria. The Red Army occupied Welchow on May 11, 1945.
After the end of the war, the bath was returned to the central administration of the health insurance funds and bathing was resumed. In 1950 Velichovky was incorporated into Okres Jaroměř; after its dissolution it came to Okres Náchod at the beginning of 1961 . On July 1, 1985, the incorporation of Hustířany took place. In 1992 the spa was privatized and the joint-stock company "Lázně Velichovky" was founded.
Every year on May 8th, the "Mise Velichovky" ( Welchow Mission ) commemorates the handing over of the surrender document to Field Marshal Schörner in historical military vehicles .
Community structure
The municipality Velichovky consists of the districts Hustířany ( Hustirschan ) and Velichovky ( Welchow ).
Attractions
- "Metamorphosis of the Lord" church, built in 1616 in the Renaissance style. In 1848 the church tower was added, at the same time the late Gothic wooden bell tower next to the church was removed and two linden trees were planted in its place.
- Baths of Lázně Velichovky with spa park
- Velichovky Castle, built in the 17th century; When it was converted into a municipal office in 2000, the historical structure of the castle was lost
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk from 1760
- Stone cross 1.3 m high and 1.04 m wide; the time of installation is unknown
- Bell tower of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church, made of concrete, built in 1933 on the way to the church
Personalities
- Bavor Rodovský z Hustiřan (1526–1592), astronomer and alchemist
