World Exhibition Paris 1889
World Exhibition Paris 1889 Exposition universelle de Paris de 1889 |
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Poster for the opening of the 1889 World's Fair |
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General | |
Exhibition space | 96 ha |
new hits | Phonograph , improved bicycle |
Number of visitors | 32.250.297 |
BIE recognition | Yes |
participation | |
countries | 54 countries + 17 colonies |
Exhibitors | 61,722 exhibitors |
Place of issue | |
place | Paris |
terrain | Champ de Mars, Trocadéro, south bank of the Seine Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 30 ″ N , 2 ° 17 ′ 39 ″ E |
calendar | |
opening | May 6, 1889 |
closure | October 31, 1889 |
Chronological order | |
predecessor | Barcelona 1888 |
successor | Chicago 1893 |
The Paris World Exhibition in 1889 ( French Exposition universelle de Paris de 1889 ) was the tenth world exhibition . It took place from May 6th to October 31st, 1889 on the occasion of the centenary of the French Revolution and for this reason was politically controversial in the predominantly monarchical Europe. The Eiffel Tower was built for the world exhibition of 1889 .
history
According to the BIE, the exhibition area totaled 96 hectares: art and industry were presented on the Field of Mars ( Champ de Mars ) and in the old Palais du Trocadéro , while the colonies and the military had their exhibition areas on the Esplanade des Invalides . The exhibition was coordinated by Jean-Charles Alphand , a former employee of Georges-Eugène Haussmann , chief engineer for the city of Paris.
As new products were among others the phonograph of Edison an improved cycling and water slides Girard presented. The exhibition is also considered to be the initial spark for the French automotive industry; Gottlieb Daimler presented his engine, which appeared under license in the first French automobile from Panhard & Levassor in 1890 . This engine inspired Count Albert de Dion to develop his own, which made De Dion-Bouton the first mass manufacturer and temporarily the largest manufacturer in the world. For its part, the company showed a new, lightweight steam boiler for boats and steam cars .
The main attractions were:
- The Eiffel Tower , which was 312 meters high at the time, was the tallest structure on earth and served as a monumental entrance gate to the exhibition.
- The Galerie des Machines on the Marsfeld, a work of the architect Charles Louis Ferdinand Dutert . It was 420 m long and 110 m wide and was only demolished in 1909. Huysmans compared it to a cathedral.
- The Palais des Beaux-Arts et des Arts libéraux , also on the Marsfeld, was a creation of the architect Jean Camille Formigé .
- The industrial palace (Palais des Industries) , a work by Joseph Bouvard with its large central dome, was generously illuminated by electricity, as was the fountain in front of it, a work by Jules Coutan .
- A reconstruction of the Bastille , a "Negro village" with 400 inhabitants, two tethered balloons filled with hydrogen and the hugely successful Wild West Show by Buffalo Bill were among the attractions of the world exhibition. The connection between the different parts of the exhibition grounds was made via a popular Decauville railway built by Paul Decauville (1846–1922) .
- The largest oak barrel in the world at the time, holding 200,000 bottles, from Mercier (champagne) .
With expenditures of 41.5 million francs and income of 49.5 million francs, the expo was also financially successful. Because of the “revolutionary” motto, only the USA and Republican Switzerland of the major industrialized countries took part. 32.3 million visitors came, 55 percent of the 61,722 exhibitors were French. The numerous conferences accompanying the world exhibition were significant.
gallery
Edison exhibition
Central dome of the machine hall, Exposition Universelle de Paris, 1889, painted by Louis Béroud (1852–1930)
The 200,000 bottles comprehensive oak barrels Mercier, today in the hall of Mercier in Epernay issued
literature
- Beat Wyss : Images of globalization. The World Exhibition of Paris 1889. Insel-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-458-17485-1 .
- Eugène Hénard : World Exhibition 1889. The Palace of Machines. In: Chup Friemert , Susanne Weiß (ed.): World Exhibition 1889. The machine palace. Textem-Verlag, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-938801-83-3 , separate count.
- Jean Lorrain : Mes Expositions Universelles (1889–1900) (= Textes de littérature modern et contemporaine. 57). Edition établie, annotée et présentée by Philippe Martin-Lau. Honoré Champion, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-7453-0654-5 .
- Winfried Kretschmer: History of the world exhibitions. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1999, ISBN 3-593-36273-2 .
- Erik Mattie: World's Fair. Belser, Stuttgart et al. 1998, ISBN 3-7630-2358-5 .
- Linda Aimone, Carlo Olmo: Les Expositions Universelles. 1851-1900. Belin, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-7011-1447-0 (Original edition: Le Esposizioni Universali, 1851-1900. Il Progresso in Scena. Umberto Allemandi & C., Turin 1990, ISBN 88-422-0235-5 ).
- Pascal Ory : 1889. L'Expo universelle (= Mémoire des Siècles. 210). Éditions Complexe, Brussels 1989, ISBN 2-87027-277-4 .
- Pascal Ory : Les Expositions universelles de Paris. Panorama raisonné avec des aperçus nouveaux et des illustrations par les meilleurs auteurs. Ramsay, Paris 1982, ISBN 2-85956-314-8 .
- John Allwood: The great exhibitions. Studio Vista, London 1977, ISBN 0-289-70792-7 .
- Anthony Bird: De Dion Bouton. (First Automobile Giant) (= Ballantine's Illustrated History of the Car. Marque Book. No. 6). Ballantine Books, New York NY 1971, ISBN 0-345-02322-6 .
- Anthony Bird: The single-cylinder De Dion Boutons (= Profile Publications. No. 25, ZDB -ID 267652-7 ). Profile Publications Ltd., Leatherhead 1966.
Web links
- L'exposition universelle de 1889 on lartnouveau.com
- World Exhibition Paris 1889. Bureau International des Expositions (English). Retrieved March 23, 2017 .
- From Google Books, Wolfgang Piersig: An excursus on the most important world exhibitions ...