International Horticultural Exhibition 1993

International Horticultural Exhibition 1993
Postage stamp for the horticultural exhibition in 1993; Motif: Plants (face value 100 Pfennig)
General
year	1993
Number of visitors	7,300,000
BIE recognition	Garden show
participation
countries	20th
Place of issue
country	Germany
place	Stuttgart
terrain	Wartberg and Höhenpark Killesberg
calendar
opening	April 23, 1993
closure	17th October 1993
Chronological order
predecessor	Floriade 1992
successor	Expo 1999
Special exhibitions
predecessor	Colombo '92
successor	Expo 98
Universal exhibitions
predecessor	Expo 92
successor	Expo 2000
Contemporaneous
Special	Expo 93 in Daejon

The International Horticultural Exhibition 1993 ( IGA 1993 for short ) took place from April 23 to October 17, 1993 in Stuttgart , the capital of Baden-Württemberg . It was also a federal horticultural show .

history

prehistory

The IGA 1993 was within 54 years the seventh large garden show that was held in Stuttgart in the 20th century. The Green U was completed with her. It began with the Great Spring Horticultural Exhibition in 1913 and the Württemberg Horticultural Exhibition in 1924 , and was continued with the 1939 Reich Garden Show on the Killesberg site and the 1950 German Garden Show at the same location. The 1961 Federal Horticultural Show included the “Upper” and “Middle Castle Gardens ” of the Talaue in the garden show concept. The 1977 Federal Horticultural Show extended the green arm into the area of ​​the "Lower Castle Garden" and small parts of the Rosenstein Park . Smaller parts of the surrounding park were integrated at Schwanenplatz. The IGA 1993 was reserved to close the remaining gap between the Höhenpark Killesberg and the Rosensteinpark. For this, two challenging terrains, the Wartberg and the Leibfriedsche Garten , had to be integrated optically and functionally. The long-awaited goal of drawing a U-shaped green belt through the city has thus become a reality.

Application and preparations

The application for the IGA 1993 was already discussed in the local council when the BUGA 1977 had just expired. Munich had already been awarded the contract for the International Horticultural Exhibition in 1983 , so efforts were made to apply for the show in the following decade, for 1993. In 1984 the city of Stuttgart applied to the Central Horticultural Association . Since the concept of “responsible handling of nature in the city” was convincing, the city was awarded the contract.

The organization and handling of the horticultural event was in the hands of Stuttgart and IGA Stuttgart'93 GmbH, founded by the Central Horticultural Association . The chairman of the supervisory board was the then mayor Manfred Rommel . As in 1977, the Technical Department of the City of Stuttgart under the direction of Mayor Hans-Dieter Künne was responsible for the preparation of the temporary and permanent systems. In the horticultural department, project groups were formed to support a sustainable approach.

All landscape architects based in Germany were approved for the ideas and implementation competition . Working groups were allowed to be formed with foreign colleagues . 105 competition documents were requested, 24 architects and architectural offices submitted entries. The planning group led by the Luz office received the first prize

Areas of the garden show

The 1993 IGA took place on an area of ​​100 ha . This was divided into different - partly already existing and historical - park and green areas:

Wartberg

Vegetation expert reports showed that there were valuable biotopes in individual areas of the planned site that had to be handled with extreme care. On the Wartberg there was a landscape of extensive use , with almost no public access. Hedges, ditches, dry stone walls and orchards dominated the area.

Two main concerns dominated the garden show at the Wartberg. On the one hand the preservation of what was found, on the other hand the concerns of visitors with restricted mobility . The Wartberghang was re-parceled out, with 40 permanent allotments being created. The network of paths was 3.5 km long, the paths 5.5 m wide, but only asphalted to a width of 3.5 m. The edges, each one meter wide, were graveled. This reduced the surface sealing . After the garden show, nature should “get back” the gravel strips.

The Egelsee was the optical eye-catcher of the Wartberg. By forming a group of lakes, the terrain was given the (epithet) name “crab tail”. The water-spouting geometric figures in the lake enlivened the view of the 5000 square meter lake area. They come from Hans Dieter Bohnet .

Leibfried's Garden

Today the Leibfriedsche Garten is a well-tended recreational area

Hardly less demanding than the Wartberg was the area of ​​the Leibfried Garden, which had a forest-like park tree population, as it still exists today in a small segment around the Villa Moser. More than 20,000 cubic meters of earth had to be moved in order to prepare the terrain of the Leibfried Garden as it is today. The IGA site, the city center and the Neckar Valley can be seen from the Leibfried Bastion . In five stations, the garden show showed the development history from “pure natural space” to “finished garden”. In contrast, the area around the Villa Moser was left to its own devices. At the "Löwentorstraße" the architects constructed around the office Luz a wall, in a timbered of concrete with a dry stone wall has been filled. Static stability and ecological freedom are combined in this way, because plants and animals find a habitat here.

Killesberg

Since 1979, on the occasion of its 40th anniversary, research has been conducted into how the Killesberg Park can be better protected. The municipal horticulture office developed the plan together with the German Society for Garden Art and Landscape Culture to classify it as a natural monument . The regional council of Stuttgart put the park under monument protection in 1986 . The city was looking for a suitable partner for the preservation of garden monuments in order to preserve the park in the spirit of Hermann Mattern . The landscape architect Peter Jordan was entrusted with this task. Since not all interests of monument preservation and contemporary use were compatible, compromises were made in peripheral areas. The lake in the “valley of roses” was deepened. He received a fountain that, when in permanent operation, improved the oxygen supply. An open-air stage with 4000 seats was created.

Rosenstein Park

Cultivating the bottleneck between the listed areas of the Rosenstein Park and the Höhenpark on the Killesberg was a great challenge. The Rosensteinpark was already a cultural monument before 1993 , so any changes were difficult. It could only be used temporarily. The only exception was the exhibition organized by the state of Baden-Württemberg: "From primitive animals to farm animals", which was intended to complement the Wilhelma zoological garden . Temporary structures were placed on the edges of the park so as not to impair the character of the area as an English landscape garden .

The IGA 1993

The IGA in 1993 was opened by Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker . A total of 7.3 million people visited the garden show. This exceeded the expectations of the organizers. A visitor number of 7 million was expected.

Horticultural facilities

The large flower meadow on the Killesberg was planted with begonias , chrysanthemums , pelargoniums , marigolds , verbenas , zinnias , busy lizards , snapdragons and carnations . Some flowerbeds were reserved for new plants and rarities.

Gardens of Nations

In the south of the Rosenstein Park were the "Nations Gardens". The landscape architect Karola Brunken & Partner was responsible for designing the facility . 22 nations presented themselves on an area of ​​52,000 m². The gardens were connected by wooden walkways. Typical plants were presented for the various countries, such as apples ( Belgium , Switzerland , the Netherlands ), olives ( Iran , Sardinia and others), palm trees ( Egypt , Angola , Tunisia , India ), cherries ( China ) or grapes ( Austria , Hungary , Turkey and South Africa ). A special garden was the Chinese “ Quing Yin Garden ”, the “Garden of Beautiful Melody”. He combined bamboo and various conifers in a way that was unusual for European eyes.

Cemetery culture

In the southeastern part of the Rosenstein Park between the Rosenstein Castle and the Museum at the Löwentor , the show “Development of Cemetery Culture ” was shown. Well-known forms of burial from dolmen tombs to Shinto cemetery were presented here.

Attractions

Green university

In the north of the Rosenstein Park was the "Green University" with a temporary pavilion, which, with its changing exhibitions, provided an insight into teaching and research at the University of Hohenheim .

Housing 2000

Building from "Wohnen 2000"

In a section of the site between Löwentor and the Nordbahnhof S-Bahn station , a settlement was built that functioned as a “model settlement in a disadvantaged location” as part of “experimental housing”. The planning and construction time was between 1989 and 1993. The project was financed by the "Stuttgarter Wohnungs- und Siedlungsgesellschaft", the "Siedlungswerk", the " Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft " and the " Gemeinnützige Baugenossenschaft Flüwo ". The commitment of the service providers was tied to the fact that the city contributed financially and offered the land below market price . As a result, a colorful, qualitatively appealing and modern settlement was created at moderate prices, including rental apartments. Acoustical and visual disadvantages had to be accepted, because Heilbronner Strasse , one of the most frequented streets in Stuttgart, and the passenger and freight trains on the Stuttgart – Heilbronn railway line pass directly by.

art

Hans Dieter Bohnet, Sphere Object and Fountains at Egelsee, 1993

Pole forest in the Killesberg Park , built in 1993 by Hans Dieter Schaal

There were art stations on Wartberg and Killesberg:

• Hans Dieter Schaal developed the pole forest in Killesbergpark and the Villa Moser art station in Leibfriedschen Garten .
• Jeannette Zippel realized her bee garden in the north of the Wartberg area .
• Further south, the station is The Book of Karina Raeck .
• In the exhibition halls in the south, Claus Bury realized his architectural sculpture Am Kreuzungsbogen .
• Hans Dieter Bohnet made the art stations Im Keuper (a rock face that was to remind of the earlier days of the Killesberg area, when the area was still a desolate quarry) and Unter den Stangen , an 80 m long pole line. The polished cut surfaces of the bars show exactly 308  m above sea level. This is intended to illustrate how steep the Wartberg area is at this point.
• Up the slope lies a monumental work of art by Michael Singer , the Grottenloch . A huge installation made of bronze, wood, natural stone, concrete, hedges and various wetlands was created around the confluence of two small streams.
• The Dutch artist Herman de Vries created the sanctuary at the IGA entrance to Pragsattel from wrought iron and gold leaf . The idea: In his sanctuary, a fence symbolically protects nature from humans.
• At the transition from Leibfriedschen Garten to Rosensteinpark, the American sculptor , concept and video artist Dan Graham set up his mirrored object Gate of Hope , which works with a sophisticated optical confusion technique.

Lanes

The Wartberg could be climbed in the direction of Killesberg with the panorama monorail ; in the background "Egelsee" and "Bülowturm"

Panoramabahn

The Killesberg and the lower-lying exhibition areas of the IGA 1993 were connected by a panorama train . The monorail traveled a nearly 4.5 km long circuit, which in places had a gradient of up to 20%. The train left the exhibition grounds in parts. There were five stops: Rosensteinpark, Leibfriedscher Garten, Wartberg, Messe Stuttgart and Höhenpark Killesberg . The depot of the Panoramabahn was located on an open area in Ehmannstrasse. The trains ran at around 20 km / h . They were controlled fully automatically. The railway was one of the main attractions of the IGA. In 1994, after the end of the event, it was bought back and dismantled by the manufacturer as agreed.

Killesbergbahn

Killesbergbahn

On the Killesberg who moved during the IGA 1993 Killesberg train their rounds, which is there for the Reichsgartenschau 1939 go.

Footbridges and bridges, transport links

Samarasteg over Pragstrasse

Two tubular steel bridges were built on the Pragsattel. Two more three-armed suspension bridges lead over the Stuttgart Nord train station and “Heilbronner Straße”. The bridge at the Löwentor had the motto: "Landscape above, traffic below". Schlaich Bergermann Partner was responsible for the planning and construction supervision .

• Brno Footbridge (1992)
• Heilbronner Strasse footbridge (1992)
• Lodzer Footbridge (1992)
• Samarasteg (I) (1992)
• Samarasteg (II) (1992)

The Pragsattel stop of the Stuttgart Stadtbahn, which opened in 1990, was a design part of the exhibition; an entrance was at the stop.

Worth knowing

The mascot of the garden show was called “Flori”, an owl- like leafy bird with a cowboy hat .

As part of the IGA 1993, national congresses, exhibitions , theater performances and numerous concerts (from classical to folklore and from jazz to rock music ) took place.

aftermath

The seven Stuttgart garden shows of the 20th century represent a special feature of horticultural history in Germany. Together they achieved a great goal over decades , the “Green U”. All green areas created for the IGA in 1993 will continue to be used as parks and green spaces.

literature

• Ralf Arbogast (Ed.): Stuttgart, The green experience. Recreational landscapes, parks and garden shows in the past and present . Silberburg, Tübingen / Stuttgart 1993. ISBN 3-87407-122-7
• Irmela Euchner: The natural spectacle: IGA Stuttgart, EXPO 93. V. International horticultural exhibition in the Federal Republic of Germany, April 23 to October 17, 1993 . IGA, 1993.
• Garden and Cemetery Office of the City of Stuttgart: International Horticultural Exhibition IGA Stuttgart 1993 . In: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau GmbH (ed.): 50 years of federal horticultural shows. Festschrift on the history of the federal and international garden shows in Germany . Bonn 2001, pp. 142–147.
• Garden + Landscape 103, 1993, issue 7:
  • Andreas Keil, Jörg Schlaich: Stege zur IGA , pp. 49–52.
  • Christof Luz, Hans Luz: Overall planning of permanent systems: Das Grüne U , pp. 18–28.
  • Frieder Luz: Wandel am Wartberg: Repressed everyday culture , pp. 40–44.
  • Heiner Luz: Tree grids and perennials : Plant planning for permanent systems , pp. 29–31.
  • Dieter Reinborn: Local politics: Self-generated factual constraint , pp. 13-17.
  • Georg Schiel: International Horticultural Exhibition 1993 in Stuttgart. Open ideas and realization competition , pp. 27–32.
  • Elisabeth Szymczyk-Eggert: Killesberg and Rosensteinpark: The show in historical gardens , pp. 45–48.
  • Martin Weiß: Accompanying research: The ecologist as site manager , pp. 32–35.
  • Frank R. Werner: The Art Concept: Art-Nature-Drama , p. 36–39.
• Rüdiger Lutz: IGA currently: IGA Stuttgart 93rd V. International horticultural exhibition in the Federal Republic of Germany . IGA, 1993.
• Official exhibition catalog, IGA Stuttgart Expo 93.

Web links

• Bahnforum Stuttgart / Bahnen in Stuttgart / Stadt- / Tram / Stuttgart 1993 during the IGA
• Hannelore Niebuhr, Major Project IGA'93- A Review, State Capital Statistical Office - Information System Online information on this publication Stuttgart www.stuttgart.de/statistik-infosystem http://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/305805/1/ publ / 15113 (PDF; 177 kB)
• Pictures of the IGA 1993
• Planning history of the Killesberg tower

Remarks

1. ↑ International garden shows took place every ten years.
2. ↑ Luz / Egenhofer / Bidlingmaier / Dübbers / Schlaich / Billinger / Bohnet (Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 142).
3. ↑ The Villa Moser is the war-torn property of the chocolate manufacturer Eduard Otto Moser .
4. ↑ Hermann Mattern designed the park in two stages in 1939 and 1950 (Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 144).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 143.
2. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 142.
3. ↑ Overview map
4. ^ IGA Stuttgart 1993 ( Memento from March 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Ralf Arbogast, Stuttgart, The Green Experience, pp. 83–93
6. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 142.
7. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 142.
8. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 143.
9. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 143.
10. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 144.
11. ↑ Rosensteinpark (English landscape garden)
12. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 147.
13. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 143.
14. ↑ Nations gardens of IGA 93 Stuttgart (youtube film)
15. ↑ Nations gardens of the IGA 1993 (youtube)
16. ↑ The Chinese Garden - Qing Yin Yuan (Friendship Garden), Nations Gardens of IGA 93 Stuttgart Nations Gardens China ( Quing Yin Garden )
17. ^ "Green University", International Horticultural Exhibition, Stuttgart
18. ↑ Experimental Solar Houses International Garden Show
19. ↑ Residential buildings (experimental living on the IGA). In: arch INFORM .
20. ^ Jeanette Zippel, Biographical Data
21. ↑ The Killesberg High Park (PDF; 5.5 MB)
22. ↑ Wartberg - on top
23. ^ Claus Bury, Architectural Sculptures
24. ↑ Michael Singer, Das Grottenloch (stuttgart.de)
25. ↑ Herman de Vries: Sanctuarium, 1993 with picture (stuttgart.de)
26. ↑ Dan Graham: Gate of Hope, 1993 with picture (stuttgart.de)
27. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 143.
28. ↑ The newly created bridges and walkways to the IGA
29. ^ IGA 1993 Stuttgart Seilnetzsteg
30. ↑ 1868–2014 - The history of the Stuttgart trams ( memento from April 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen AG, accessed April 26, 2016
31. ↑ Garden and Cemetery Office, p. 144.