Federal Garden Show 1977
The 1977 Federal Horticultural Show took place from April 29 to October 23, 1977 in Stuttgart , the capital of Baden-Württemberg .
Key data
In the 178 days that the Federal Garden Show was open to the public, it had seven million visitors. It took place on a 44 hectare site. The motto of the show was: “Green and open spaces in the city - the yardstick for a humane environment”, or “Flowers instead of buildings”. The management was headed by the City Director Hans-Dieter Künne , who is a planning staff around employees of the Horticultural Office under the leadership of the Engineer Friedrich Goes, served. Today the grounds of the palace gardens are used as an extensive, open park.
In contrast to the previous shows in Stuttgart, the Reichsgartenschau 1939 , the German Gartenschau 1950 and the Bundesgartenschau 1961 , the largest part of the horticultural show site was for the first time primarily in the area of the "Lower Castle Garden" and parts of the Rosenstein Park , which was a benefit for the owner, the State of Baden- Württemberg , entailed a high contribution to the costs. The state financed 12.5 million DM, third parties contributed 2.2 million DM.
Press, advertising and public relations
Every garden show has its logo . The Fellbach graphic artist Otto Rieger won the bid from 29 colleagues in 1975 with his emblem "a flower on the lying S", the S standing for Stuttgart. The first brochure was printed in 1976. The main prospectus appeared in 1977. A million copies were sent. A three-part guide dealt with general information with botanical and horticultural designs, the circulation reached 80,000 copies.
Contact with the media was maintained via the "garden gazebo" published by the press office of the garden show.
The Federal Garden Show was opened by Federal President Walter Scheel and the Mayor of Stuttgart, Manfred Rommel , in pouring rain.
Competition entries
The planning and construction competition requested 103 competition documents. 28 were submitted. The budget was tight. The area was laborious to cultivate and the long and narrow location had to be used advantageously. In December 1973 the jury awarded the prizes. They went to various landscape architects , around Hans Luz and others, who split up into two planning groups. The result was delivered on November 28, 1975 by the "Luz Section", whose framework plan laid the basis for further detailed developments. The implementation organization was subsequently the responsibility of the Stuttgart Exhibition and Exhibition Company .
Designs
The “lower grounds” of the palace gardens were laid out during the Kingdom of Württemberg in the 19th century. The existing structure was taken up and renovated. The plane tree avenue on the north-western flank of the lower palace garden with its royalist features contrasted with the landscaping of the rest of the park and was therefore preserved. An additional, spacious promenade was set up in the park, which helped visitors to get to know the site and to navigate to newly created play and lounge areas.
The concept was as follows:
"Visitors should be encouraged by the playground to overcome the more passive posture of the interested walker and to actively participate in the game"
The playhouse and a “Brio climbing system” were made winter-proof and are still available to children as visitors to the park.
Since the “Cannstatter Straße” set a crossbar through the uniform and historically grown complex, a roundabout was set that should assert itself against the street. The two-part group of sculptures made of Carrara marble , "Rossebändiger", created by Ludwig von Hofer in 1844–1847 , formed a portal-like access to the avenue at the western end of the "Lower Plant" . Many of the 2,800 trees were felled due to illness and 4,200 were replanted. The Nesenbach flowing through the castle garden was long axis verdolt why the "Nesenbächle" was created as a source stream and flows through the "brimstone" to "Swan Lake" at the foot of Rosenstein hill. Artificial flower islands floated on the various lakes (ice lake, island lake) during the show. A more than 1000 meter long noise and privacy screen to the B 14 was installed.
Schwanenplatz
One of the central points of the BUGA 1977 was the "Schwanenplatz". Up until the show, it represented a dreary traffic junction in the infrastructure of Stuttgart. At this point, two federal highways and three tram lines met, which now had to be disentangled, the greatest challenge that the horticultural show operator had to face. The streets were tunneled over and from then on no longer disturbed the picture.
It was thus possible to design Schwanenplatz as a central and connecting point for the parts of the park, which until then had been separate from each other. The “Untere Schlossgarten” in the west, the Rosenstein Park in the north, the “Berger Insele” (location of the Leuze mineral bath) in the east, the “Seilerwasen” on the other side of the Neckar in the northeast and the park of Villa Berg in the south formed a single unit been connected. Ten specially created geysers , the "Berger Sprudler", became the symbol of the show . These symbolize the rich mineral water resources in the immediate vicinity ( Stuttgart-Berg ) and consist of five-meter-high concrete cones, built by Professors Hans Lutz and Max Bächer .
Rosenstein Park
In Rosenstein Park, the motto “criss-cross through the garden” was followed (model allotments). The designers largely left the meadow of the Rosenstein Castle to their own devices in favor of wild plants. In order to improve the visibility to the Neckar, to the castle and to Berg, the tree population was thinned out.
On the other hand, there were intensely cultivated passages in the park. To the south of the allotment gardens, the Horticultural Office designed the exhibition “Grave planting and tombs”. Company gardens informed visitors about topics such as pear cultivation, the maintenance of kitchen and ornamental gardens, the importance of conifers and bee pastures , the use of materials for the garden and fertilizers .
Based on historical models, the Karlsgarten was planted with roses, whereby creeping as well as climbing plants shaped the picture and still shape it today. Marble statues formerly located in the "Upper Palace Garden" gave the Karlsgarten the charm of a historical ensemble. In the southern continuation to the investment lakes, a colorfully curved strip of flowers and trees was created, the "flower ribbon". Thousands of begonias and shrub marguerites as well as patches of sage gave the passage a considerable amount of color. In the south of the newly created park, the Paradiesweg was created, in the course of which various garden types were presented. So the horror of every gardener: The "weed garden".
Bridges and footbridges
A total of ten bridges were built to connect the garden show grounds with the surrounding residential areas. The bridges are or were very different in terms of construction, design and construction materials used:
- The "Green Bridge" connects the middle and lower palace gardens. The edges are decorated with flower troughs, which is where the name comes from.
- The "Heilmannsteg (Dunantsteg)", planned by Leonhardt, Andrä & Partner, crosses the street "Am Neckartor " as a girder bridge .
- The same office also planned the 125-meter-long “Passerelle Heinrich Baumann” across Cannstatter Strasse.
- The "Rieslingsteg" and the
- "Trollingersteg" guaranteed the unimpeded connection of the lower systems with the park of the Villa Berg.
- The "Rosensteinstege No. 1" and "No. 2 ". They connect the Schlossgartenau with the Berger Insele. The former is one of civil engineer Jörg Schlaich planned suspension bridge in cable net structure , curved in an arc and a 30-meter-high steel pylon suspended. The web no. 2 is also called the "swinging bridge", and is a 29-meter cable bridge of two carrying cables.
- Another footbridge is the "Wasensteg" over Schönestrasse.
- The Neckarsteg was 158 m long, 8.70 m high, weighed 210 tons and consisted of 400 cubic meters of wood. He had a closed board shuttering. The bridge was one of the widest-span wooden beam bridges in the world. The end of the lock pier was used for the central support, which is why the bridge had a kinking longitudinal axis. In July 2016, the Neckar footbridge was demolished for the new construction of the Bad Cannstatt railway bridge as part of the Stuttgart 21 railway project .
- The "Wilhelmasteg" (popularly known as the "Elefantensteg" because of its painting) led over the Neckartalstrasse. It was designed by the architects Kilpper & Partner. This footbridge was demolished in 2014 in the course of the construction of the Rosenstein tunnel along the B 10 .
Structural features
Permanent and temporary structures had to be integrated into the garden show in a modest way. For this reason, they were mostly on the edges of the garden show area. This also had the advantage of being easy to find and of restrained modesty towards nature. A consistent modular system was established for the temporary buildings , which turned out to be cost-intensive: primarily the wooden construction and simple roof pyramid shapes were chosen for the systems. This principle was illustrated in buildings such as the service center, the wine bar and the beer garden. Likewise at the garden center and the large number of sales houses.
The largest building at the garden show was the "Flower Hall" on Swan Lake. It was a film-covered, translucent lightweight construction with a half-shell dome 50 meters in diameter. 64 steel meridians rested on a foundation ring. 18 flower exhibitions were presented there. Following the city's austerity policy, the hall was rented for DM 600,000; it could have been bought for DM 800,000. After the garden show, this led to the hall being demolished.
Another outstanding temporary solution was the “gardener's pavilion”. It united the forum of the Central Association of Horticulture and was an experimental building of the University of Stuttgart (solid construction), in which the then new building material glass fiber concrete was experimented with. Thinner than an eggshell in relation to its size, the building gained the reputation of being “the building with the thinnest concrete roof in the world”. The pavilion held 200 spectators. The pavilion was also torn down.
Another temporary solution was the “flower train”, which ran the entire longitudinal axis of the floodplain and was originally equipped with a Porsche internal combustion engine; It was retrofitted against the prototype of an environmentally friendly electric locomotive ( Blaupunkt entertainment express). The main entrance at the main train station was connected to the “Green Bridge” by an electric train on rubber tires ( Bosch small train ), a development specially developed for this garden show.
The state pavilion was built on the edge of the central palace garden and was demolished in the course of the construction work on Stuttgart 21 .
Art for the BUGA 1977
The city of Stuttgart saw an additional perspective for incentives to visit in the fact that artistic elements would be presented and commissioned the Württembergischer Kunstverein Stuttgart to develop ideas in this context . It was possible to win over five nationally active artists for a project called “Concept and Space”. Artists of the German "plastic" generated concepts that are committed to being accessible, experienceable and understandable. The idea was to put nature and plastic in a symbiotic relationship of silent interaction. This resulted in works such as “12 edges” by Christoph Freimann , “Positive-Negative”, “Horizontal line with three surfaces”, “Seven black barriers” and “Spherical sculpture” by Hans Dieter Bohnet .
Worth knowing
The next following Federal Horticultural Show in Stuttgart was the International Horticultural Exhibition in 1993 .
literature
- Ralf Arbogast (Ed.): Stuttgart. The green experience. Recreational landscapes, parks and garden shows in the past and present . Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen / Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-87407-122-7
- Hanns Lohrer, Paradiesweg Stuttgart Federal Garden Show 1977, Lohrer, 1977.
- NN: Spielhaus Bundesgartenschau 1977: A report . Published by Stuttgarter Jugendhaus, 1978.
- NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1977 . In: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau GmbH (ed.): 50 years of federal horticultural shows. Festschrift on the history of the federal and international garden shows in Germany . Bonn 2001.
Web links
- Federal Garden Show 1977
- Dr. Claudia Büttner, History of Building Art in Germany
- Fritz Leonhardt, Lectures on Solid Construction, Part 1, Basics for Dimensioning in Reinforced Concrete Construction
- Uwe Bogen, Thomas Wagner, Stuttgart: A city changes its face
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Ralf Arbogast: Stuttgart. The green experience , pp. 71–82.
- ↑ Landscape architect Hans Luz, "We live in a city of gardens"
- ↑ The group of horse tamers as a postcard motif
- ↑ THE LEUZE mineral bath
- ↑ Playground, Seilerwasen water playground
- ↑ Bild Berger Sprudler, Stuttgart ( Memento from September 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Bridge of the Month May 2007, Neckarsteg Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt
- ↑ Garden show pavilion at the BUGA 1977. In: arch INFORM .
- ↑ Blaupunkt mini train
- ↑ Mazbānītis Bosch
- ↑ 12 edges
- ↑ Wolfgang Nestler, positive-negative
- ↑ Heinz-Günter Prager, Horizontal line with three surfaces
- ↑ Reiner Ruthenbeck, Seven Black Barriers
- ^ Hans Dieter Bohnet: Designs in public space
