Federal Horticultural Show 1961
The 1961 Federal Garden Show took place in Stuttgart between April 28 and October 15, 1961 . It was the first federal horticultural show that was shown on several, spatially separated areas. It had 6.8 million visitors.
history
The German Garden Show in 1950 had previously taken place in Stuttgart on the grounds of Killesberg , the concept of which was clearly based on that of the 1939 Reich Garden Show , which had also taken place in Stuttgart. Stuttgart was still in the process of rebuilding after the Second World War when it applied in 1957 to host the 1961 Federal Horticultural Show. New public parks should be created and neglected green areas in the city should be recultivated. In addition to the Killesberg in the north of the city, the extensive palace gardens in the city center were predestined for this . This corresponded to the opinion that the Federal Garden Show should take place on historical ground, because Stuttgart had developed around the palace complex. In the same year, Stuttgart was awarded the contract to host the show.
preparation
Two years were available for the ideas competition and the overall planning from the time of the award, with a little more time for the construction work and the planting. The main theme of this Federal Garden Show was "urban greenery".
The overall planning was the responsibility of the Stuttgart horticultural director Werner Kaufmann . Around 90 landscape architects submitted contributions. They could be divided into two main directions: On the one hand there were designs that were based on the historical layout of the royal court architect Nikolaus Friedrich von Thouret , on the other hand there were supporters of a “modern” solution who consciously opposed restoration measures. Ultimately, the “modernists” prevailed.
Structural and design measures
Castle gardens
There was a considerable need for renovation in the grounds of the palace gardens. Among other things, sick trees threatened the safety of visitors. The dedication of the “Witzlebenstrasse” for road traffic, which separated the New Palace and the Park, was also given up, and the avenue leading through the center of the park was given up. The formerly oval lake in the palace gardens was given an asymmetrical , angular outline, a fountain and a “water dome”, emitted by spotlights at night.
Since the upper and middle palace gardens cross the Schillerstraße coming from the main train station , a main thoroughfare through which tram tracks ran at that time, it was spanned with a pedestrian bridge. This bridge , then called Schillersteg , today Ferdinand-Leitner-Steg , was designed by Fritz Leonhardt , who also designed the Stuttgart television tower . The bridge was suspended from a 25 meter high pylon with ten cables . The television tower, inaugurated in 1956, the new landmark of the state capital Stuttgart, was integrated into the poster of the Federal Garden Show.
An underpass was built at the main entrance to the palace gardens - opposite the train station. The "Upper Castle Garden" was relatively lightly greened, with the exception of a few shrubs and individual flower beds and the redesigned rose garden on the northeast side of the New Castle. The "small house" (today: the theater) of the Stuttgart State Theater and the new state parliament of Baden-Württemberg , whose outdoor facilities including the academy garden were designed by Walter Rossow , were newly built .
The "Middle Castle Garden" was mainly created by H. Becsei, an employee of the Horticultural Office. The idea here was to create a permanent leisure and recreation park. In addition to a children's playground were milk bar , the 'Cafe on the Lake ", a bowling green , an outdoor giant chess , skat set and a" Reading Garden ". The special show “Help through green” was shown on the grounds of the central palace garden. She informed about the green space planning of the city of Stuttgart. In contrast to the grounds of the Killesberg, the aim of the palace garden was to create the illusion of "infinite green" when looking from inside. This part of the park was therefore shielded from the outside by planting and some terrain modeling. The “ Fitz Faller Fountain ” deserves special mention . The “spring garden”, an interplay of water and natural elements, was within reach.
Killesberg Park
In 1961, the Höhenpark Killesberg was included in a garden show for the third time. After the reclamation for the 1939 exhibition and the war damage removal for the 1950 exhibition, numerous redesigns were necessary again. The children's playground and the allotment garden show were expanded considerably, for which the train station of the park railway had to be relocated.
The entrances to the park have been enlarged and additional parking spaces have been created. A bridge was built that connected the park with a newly developed area beyond Stresemannstrasse on the Wartberg and led there to a tree nursery . Existing perennial plantings were recultivated and a “wild perennial slope” was set up. The park received a new fountain and the dovecote from 1950 was integrated. The garden architect Walter Steinle designed the “Home and Garden” show on the Killesberg and was also responsible for various special shows.
- Park railway
The park railway on the Killesberg was set up for the 1939 exhibition. It runs on a 3.5 km long circuit through the site.
Further extensions
In continuation of the construction of the Killesberg area, the Feuerbacher Heide , the Bismarck Tower and the Cannstatter Kursaal facilities were redesigned.
Hoppenlau cemetery
The “Cemetery and Tomb” competition took place on the former Hoppenlauf cemetery. The exhibition was thus given a worthy ambience in the city's oldest cemetery. It was laid out in 1626 and the last burial took place here in 1880. For the purposes of the Federal Horticultural Show, the historic cemetery was extensively renovated, two contemporary fountains were installed and weather protection was built for visitors.
Weißenburgpark
The Weißenburgpark in Stuttgart-Süd on the small Bopser was made accessible to the public for the first time. The Sieglin heirs had sold the area to the city of Stuttgart in 1956 for this purpose . As part of the preparations for the Federal Horticultural Show in 1961, the park was transformed into a public green area. Among other things, new paths and viewing terraces with views of downtown Stuttgart were created. The "tea house" built by Ernst von Sieglin in 1913 was converted into a terrace cafe and the park was given a spacious children's playground.
Silberburg
The view from the terrace of the “Milchbar” on Karlshöhe was worth mentioning . The area of the former Silberburg was completely redesigned and received a children's playground.
Summary of the show
The Federal Garden Show took up an area of 70 ha in its core areas (Schlossgarten and Killesberg) . If you add the other green areas set up or renovated in connection with the garden show, it was 97 hectares.
The Stuttgarter Zeitung reported that never before had such an abundance of good performances been reported as on the occasion of the Federal Horticultural Show in 1961. Hans Joachim Samulowitz even summarized as follows:
“It quickly becomes clear that, in contrast to earlier garden shows in Stuttgart, orderly design, the creation of public greenery, has by far the priority. At first glance, it is noticeable that there was a lot of work in Stuttgart with architectural elements. The paths are almost all paved or covered with bitumen. The beds […] are often square and bordered with paved paths. A comparison with the strictly structured baroque garden is obvious ... "
literature
- Ralf Arbogast (ed.): Stuttgart, The green experience. Recreational landscapes, parks and garden shows in the past and present. Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen / Stuttgart, ISBN 3-87407-122-7
- Norbert Bongartz: Old cemeteries and preservation of monuments. The Hoppenlau cemetery in Stuttgart . In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. 13.1984, pp. 1-5.
- Eva Funke: Finiteness gnaws at the Hoppenlauffriedhof: Schwäbischer Heimatbund collects donations to save the historic Gottesackers . In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten . March 9, 2012, p. 21.
- NN: Federal Horticultural Show Stuttgart 1961 . In: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau GmbH (ed.): 50 years of federal horticultural shows. Festschrift on the history of the federal and international garden shows in Germany . Bonn 2001, pp. 38-41.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ The associated villa was demolished in 1964.
Individual evidence
- ↑ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 38.
- ^ Arbogast: Stuttgart, The green experience .
- ^ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 39; Arbogast: Stuttgart, the green experience .
- ^ Arbogast: Stuttgart, The green experience .
- ^ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 39.
- ^ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 40.
- ^ Arbogast: Stuttgart, The green experience .
- ^ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 40.
- ^ Arbogast: Stuttgart, The green experience .
- ^ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 41.
- ↑ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 38.
- ^ NN: Federal Garden Show Stuttgart 1961 , p. 41.