Federal Garden Show 1989

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BUGA 1989 ticket
View from the BUGA tower in north direction. In the foreground the view of the gardens , behind left the ribbon of flowers
View from the BUGA tower in south direction. Most of the still young Niddapark remained free of the specific offers of a garden show during the show.

The Federal Garden Show 1989 ( BUGA 1989 for short , also BUGA '89 ) took place from April 28 to October 15, 1989 in Frankfurt am Main .

Geographical location and transport links

The fenced-in BUGA site was 90 hectares in size. It was located in the northern part of the 168 hectare Niddapark . Almost half of the new park was freely accessible during the show. That was a novelty for a federal horticultural show.

The traffic connection of the garden show benefited from the favorable location of the Niddapark . In addition, shuttle buses were used to pick up the visitors who had come by car from the exhibition grounds . For this purpose, the street from the Industriehof to the Praunheim entrance was renewed or redesigned. Along the Main-Weser Railway , there was the Ginnheim / Federal Garden Show stop, which was set up for the duration of the Federal Horticultural Show .

history

prehistory

At the beginning of the 1960s, the city of Frankfurt successfully applied for the Federal Garden Show in 1969. The 60-hectare site between Ginnheimer Wäldchen, Nidda and Hausen was intended for the exhibition . The first structural measures were the construction of artists' houses and the design of the edge of the site in the southwest of today's Niddapark. Among other things, the lookout hill was built. Because of the city's financial difficulties, the city council canceled the event in September 1965.

Planning and preparation

In 1979 the city of Frankfurt successfully applied for the Federal Horticultural Show again under the motto Nature in the City , this time for 1989. The following year, the city and the Central Horticultural Association concluded the implementation contract and founded the Federal Horticultural Show 1989 Frankfurt am Main GmbH . In 1981, a nationwide competition for ideas in Nidda-Aue followed, from which the Berlin landscape architect Norfried Pohl emerged as the first prize winner. In a joint venture with the Sulzbach landscape architect Werner Kappes from the Federal Garden Show 1989 Frankfurt am Main GmbH, he was commissioned to plan and furnish the park and garden show. Construction of the park began in 1984 and the horticultural show was set up in 1986.

The garden show

The 1989 Federal Garden Show recorded around four million visitors.

concept

For the city of Frankfurt, the Niddapark was in the foreground. The garden show should draw attention to the new park, but not cover it up with all its splendor. The garden show should be a guest as an “opening attraction”. Therefore, for the first time in a federal horticultural show, the planners concentrated all the horticultural show elements in just a few places. This resulted in a garden show of short distances for the visitor. In addition, the design emphasized the temporary character of the show, using demonstratively light tent and air support structures, scenery structures, demountable scaffolding, nets, textiles, mobile partition walls and containers. On an area that had previously been arable land, now on just a few hectares, highly developed garden culture was presented in a concentrated manner, which contrasted excitingly with the extensive, natural meadow landscape of the park. The focus was on the gardens .

Entrance areas

  • The Praunheim entrance was one of the two large entrances. Mainly visitors came here who had traveled by car and were brought to the exhibition by shuttle buses from the fair car parks. The ribbon of flowers led the visitors from this entrance to the show of the gardens.
  • The Ginnheim entrance was the second major entrance. Mainly the visitors who came by underground or S-Bahn came here. The flower hall, which is common at garden shows, was located near this entrance; here it was a rented inflatable hall . There was also a market gardener in the entrance area of ​​Ginnheim. Those who wanted to get to the gardens from here could choose between several park paths, cross or wander around the Ginnheim forest and enjoy the new Niddapark.
  • The Hausen entrance was a small entrance in the southwest. An ornamental and wild perennial show was assigned to him. If you wanted to go to the gardens from here, you had to walk a long way through Niddapark.
  • The Roman city entrance was the fourth entrance. Mainly visitors came here in buses. Nearby was a model allotment garden with an exhibition on the history of allotment gardening (gardens through the ages). The way to the gardens was not far.

Look at the gardens

Show of the gardens : Despite light, temporary constructions, intimate exhibition spaces are achieved

The layout of the show of gardens , the focus of the exhibition, was a square with a side length of 350 m, which was divided into a fifty-meter grid, so that 49 partial areas of 50 × 50 m resulted. The partial areas were covered with differently designed gardens. This also included allotment gardens, character gardens and the garden-architectural interpretations of famous paintings.

Two-thirds of the largest garden was surrounded by a dam. In it stood a greenhouse with a crossing wing, which was reflected in the adjacent water basin and was the main attraction of the "Show of the Gardens".

The square and strictly geometrical view of the gardens contrasted with the soft, organic lines of the forest edges of the Niddapark. But the square was not complete. It was broken through by the park's tree plantings in the southeast and the ribbon of flowers in the northwest. Such an overlaying and breaking design is characteristic of the park-architectural deconstructivism of the 1980s.

Flower ribbon

View of the ribbon of flowers from the Praunheim entrance in the direction of the view of the gardens

Just like the show in the gardens, the ribbon of flowers was laid out on former farmland that had been lying fallow for a few years to recover from agricultural use. It featured hundreds of thousands of blooming bulbs - and other plants.

Attractions

Park railway

A park railway connected all entrances, stopped at the gardens and led to the southern part of Niddapark. The locomotives obtained their energy from accumulators . The track was dismantled after the event.

Observation tower

At the southern edge of the show in the gardens was a 75 m high gyro tower that drove visitors up and down in a slowly rotating pulpit.

criticism

The garden show opponents were very active

During the preparations and for years afterwards, the garden show was not under a favorable political star. The clashes between supporters and opponents dominated the local political debate in the 1980s and influenced the election campaigns for the city council. While the proponents emphasized that the investments for the park and the show totaled around 40 million DM , the opponents named an amount of 185 million DM. With this approach, among other things, costs were included that were incurred for a U- Niddapark train station and the S-Bahn stop on the Main-Weser-Bahn were built, and an accompanying program for inner-city green spaces and the “Grünspange” was launched.

politics

The SPD had initiated the Federal Garden Show in the 1970s, but turned away from the project in the 1980s. The Greens , who have been represented in the city council since the local elections in 1981, rejected the Federal Horticultural Show in principle.

Shortly before the opening of the Federal Horticultural Show, the SPD and the Greens won the local elections, formed a coalition and ruled during the Horticultural Show, a unique phenomenon for the Federal Horticultural Show. The political controversy surrounding the garden show had an impact on the number of visitors, which with around four million guests fell far short of the eight million expected.

society

A citizens' initiative collected around 44,000 signatures in 1984 for a petition against the Federal Garden Show. Citizens groups objected to the "unnecessary destruction" of an "agricultural landscape that is still intact". So feared conservationists around the breeding bird population, Kleingärtner a transfer or cutting through their investments with public roads and local residents that the Praunheim connecting with Ginnheim Woogstraße consistently in favor of the BUGA deconsecrated will. It was also stated that the subject of “nature in the city” is in fundamental conflict with a federal horticultural show. Large events such as federal garden shows generate extra traffic and are therefore bad for the environment.

Professional associations

All over the world, zoologists criticized the abolition of the branch of the Frankfurt Zoo in the first construction phase .

aftermath

The buildings and facilities of the Federal Horticultural Show in 1989 were largely removed after its end. The new Volkspark Niddatal (Niddapark) remained with the perennials and play facilities. Furthermore, the “Gardens through the Ages” were integrated into the KGV Niddaufer. In Frankfurt's vernacular, however, the memory of the Federal Garden Show lives on. He still calls Niddapark the BUGA site .

Special and worth knowing

The colorful BUGA illustrated

Goethe

For the garden show, tickets, visitor plans, postcards, brochures, posters, catalogs, etc. were provided with cartoon-like drawings that were intended to point to the Goethe city of Frankfurt. The “BUNTE BUGA ILLUSTRATED”, for example, adapted the painting Goethe in the Campagna by Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein shown in the Städel Museum in Frankfurt .

literature

  • Bundesgartenschau Frankfurt 1989 GmbH (ed.): An experience to blossom. Federal Garden Show Frankfurt 1989, prospectus, August 1988.
  • Federal Garden Show Frankfurt 1989 GmbH (ed.): Volkspark Niddatal, Federal Garden Show 1989, documentation of the project. Abt, Weinheim 1989, pp. 1-79.
  • The Garden Office (editor): Catalog for the Federal Garden Show 1989 in Frankfurt . In: Das Gartenamt 4/1989, p. 95.
  • Reinhard Grebe: Landscape planning in Frankfurt am Main . In: German Society for Garden Art and Landscape Management (ed.): Garden + Landscape . Volume 4/89, Verlag Georg DW Callwey, Munich, April 1989, pp. 21-24.
  • Fritz Krämer, Jochen Gauert: Volkspark Niddatal and Federal Garden Show 1989 Frankfurt am Main. In: German Society for Garden Art and Landscape Management (ed.): Garden + Landscape . Volume 4/89, Verlag Georg DW Callwey, Munich, April 1989, pp. 25-29.
  • Werner Kappes, Norfried Pohl: BUGA 1989: Separation of park and exhibition . In: German Society for Garden Art and Landscape Management (ed.): Garden + Landscape. Volume 4/89, Verlag DW Callwey, Munich, April 1989, pp. 30-36.
  • Peter Neuss: Federal Garden Show Frankfurt 1989 . In: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau GmbH (ed.): 50 years of federal horticultural shows. Festschrift on the history of the federal and international garden shows in Germany . Bonn 2001, pp. 132-135.

Web links

Commons : Volkspark Niddatal  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ A model of deconstructivist park design is the Parc de la Villette in Paris, designed by Bernard Tschumi in 1982 . The show in the gardens was strongly inspired by him.
  2. ↑ This Gyro Tower was a "traveling tower" that had already been shown at the 1987 Federal Garden Show in Düsseldorf .
  3. ↑ In the application documents for the Federal Horticultural Show 1989, the "Niddazoo" was still part of the program. It wasn't until the early 1980s that the decision was made to forego this element in the garden show.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Neuss, p. 134.
  2. ^ Federal Garden Show: An experience to blossom in 1988; BUGA Frankfurt / Main 1989 (homepage of the Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft mbH); Neuss, p. 134.
  3. ↑ Krämer, Gauert 1989, p. 28.
  4. ↑ Krämer, Gauert 1989, p. 28
  5. ^ City Chronicle 1962 , Institute for City History.
  6. ^ Frankfurt renounces the Federal Garden Show 1969 due to financial difficulties. Contemporary history in Hessen. (As of September 30, 2019). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  7. ↑ Krämer, Gauert 1989, p. 26.
  8. ↑ Krämer, Gauert 1989, p. 27; Grebe 1989, p. 22.
  9. ↑ Volkspark Niddatal, 1989, p. 6.
  10. ↑ Thomas Sieverts: "Nature in the City" - But how? In: Garten + Landschaft 5/82, pp. 341–346 (342).
  11. ↑ Krämer, Gauert 1989, p. 26.
  12. ↑ Volkspark Niddatal, 1989, p. 6.
  13. ↑ Neuss, p. 134.
  14. ↑ Krämer, Gauert 1989, p. 28.
  15. ↑ Krämer, Gauert 1989, p. 28
  16. ↑ Kappes, Pohl 1989, pp. 32-33.
  17. ↑ Kappes, Pohl 1989, p. 30.
  18. ↑ The Garden Office (editor): Federal Garden Show Frankfurt - the other garden show . In: Das Gartenamt 4/1989, p. 194.
  19. ↑ Kappes, Pohl 1989, pp. 32-33.
  20. ^ Neuss, p. 135: Map with route .
  21. ↑ Grebe 1989, p. 23.
  22. ^ Frank Berger, Christian Setzepfand: 101 non-locations in Frankfurt . Darin, p. 36 f .: Chapter Unstern - the BUGA 1989 . Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt 2011. ISBN 978-3-7973-1248-8
  23. ^ Frolinde Balser : From rubble to a European center: History of the city of Frankfurt am Main 1945–1989 . Ed .: Frankfurter Historical Commission (=  publications of the Frankfurter Historical Commission . Volume XX ). Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-1210-1 , p. 459-460 .
  24. ↑ Disappointing number of visitors at the end of the 20th Federal Garden Show in Frankfurt am Main. Contemporary history in Hessen. (As of October 15, 2019). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  25. ↑ Empty sleeves , Der Spiegel No. 19/1984.
  26. ↑ Grebe 1989, pp. 22-23.
  27. ↑ Neuss, p. 133.