Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein

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Self-portrait at the easel (1785)
Tischbein's birthplace
Tischbein's house in Eutin
Goethe in the Campagna , the painter's most famous work

Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein , called Goethe -Tischbein (born February 15, 1751 in Haina (monastery) , † February 26, 1829 in Eutin ) was a German painter from the Hessian family Tischbein .

Life

The son of the Haina monastery carpenter Johann Conrad Tischbein (1712–1778) was first a student of his uncle Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder in Kassel from 1765 , then with his uncle Johann Jacob Tischbein in Hamburg . Since he was not interested in pure landscape painting , he switched to his cousin Johann Dietrich Lilly, who worked in Hamburg as an art dealer , copyist and restorer and introduced Tischbein to history painting. In addition, Tischbein had the opportunity to study old masters here. In 1771 he went on a study trip to Holland and in 1773, after a short stay in Bremen, returned to Haina in 1773. On the mediation of Landgravine Philippine von Hessen-Kassel , Tischbein came to the Berlin court, where he worked successfully as a portrait painter from 1777 . There he was accepted into the Masonic Lodge Zur Eintracht in 1778 .

Like many of his painting colleagues, Tischbein wanted to study in Italy . He was able to begin his first stay in Rome in 1779 with a scholarship from the Kassel Academy . After an intensive study of ancient works of art, he made the transition from the Rococo style to classicism . He painted landscapes, history paintings and still lifes here . In 1781 he had to break off his stay in Rome due to financial difficulties. He then turned to Zurich , where he worked in the circle of the physiognomist Johann Caspar Lavater and the philologist Johann Jakob Bodmer . In particular, Tischbein's contact with Lavater apparently brought about a radical change in his painting style and his turn to historical topics and the theories about the value of physiognomic studies. He also made his first contacts with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe from Zurich .

In 1783 he was able to return to Rome after he had been granted a further scholarship of 100 ducats per year through Goethe's mediation by Duke Ernst II of Gotha-Altenburg . During this second stay in Italy, which lasted until 1799, he made friends with Goethe, who was traveling incognito, with whom he traveled to Naples in 1787 (see Italian trip ). In 1786 he also painted Tischbein's famous painting, which shows Goethe as a traveler in the Roman Campagna and which became the epitome of longing for Arcadia . It later came to Germany and was donated in 1887 by the Rothschild banking family to the Städelschen Kunstinstitut in Frankfurt am Main , where it can still be seen today.

From autumn 1789 to 1799, when French troops marched into Naples, Tischbein was director of the art academy ( Accademia di Belle Arti ) that still exists there today .

After his return to Germany in 1799, Tischbein founded a drawing academy for women in Göttingen , where Tischbein's nephew Wilhelm Unger also worked from 1799 to 1801 . After he married in 1801, he settled in Hamburg and developed concepts to continue his art education work with a drawing school. Young artists such as Philipp Otto Runge and Friedrich Overbeck did get in touch with him, but when the Hamburg Senate refused to support the planned art school financially, Tischbein accepted an offer from Peter I , the Prince Regent of Oldenburg, in 1808 Appointed court painter and gallery director. He also bought Tischbein's collection of paintings for his own collection. Tischbein then settled in Eutin, the summer residence of the Grand Duke, until his death in 1829, where he taught drawing to the duke's sons and society. Schoolchildren who wanted to prepare for attending academies followed. They included Ferdinand Flor , Nicolaus Lescow, Carl Andreas Goos and Jacob Gensler .

Tischbein's grave can be found in Eutin in the cemetery on Plöner Strasse. A plaque above his former home at Stolbergstrasse 8-10 commemorates the artist. Some of his large-format paintings are exhibited in the palace and in the Ostholstein Museum Eutin . Numerous ovens have survived from his collaboration with the Eutin oven manufacturer Niemann.

The literary works of Tischbein, his autobiography From my life (written down since 1810) and his letters, which Goethe highly valued, are less well known . This part of his oeuvre is honored in the study by the writer Friedrich Ernst Peters , Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein (1751-1829) .

family

Tischbein married Anna Martha Ketting (1775-1832) from Haina in 1806 and had five daughters and a son with her. Daughter Susanna later married the Oldenburg court painter Heinrich Strack , her cousin. The son Peter Friedrich Ludwig Tischbein was a forester and natural scientist.

Exhibitions (selection)

Works

Paintings (selection)

Family scene (1778)
Tischbein's daughter Ernestine, 1810, Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg
  • Goethe in the Campagna , oil on canvas, 1787, 164 × 206 cm, Städelsches Kunstinstitut , Frankfurt am Main.
  • Goethe at the window of the Roman apartment on the Corso , watercolor, chalk and pen over pencil / paper, 1787, 41.5 × 26.6 cm, Goethe Museum, Frankfurt am Main.
  • The strength of the man (picture of reason) , oil on canvas, 1821, State Museum for Art and Cultural History Oldenburg .
  • Brutus discovered the names of his sons on the list of conspirators and sentenced them to death , after 1783, oil on canvas, 156 × 206 cm, Kunsthaus Zürich .
  • Portrait of Elisa von der Recke , oil on canvas, around 1775, 60.5 × 48 cm, Städtische Galerie Dresden, (Inv.-Nr. 1980 / k45).
  • General Bennigsen with his staff , 1816, Hamburger Kunsthalle

drawings

Fonts

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karlheinz Gerke: The members of the Berlin Masonic Lodge 'Zur Eintracht' 1754-1815 in 260 Years of Johannisloge zur Eintracht p. 38. Johanniskoge zur Eintracht eV, 2014, accessed on May 3, 2015 . pdf 4.5 MB
  2. ^ Eckhard Unger : Unger, Wilhelm . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 33 : Theodotos vacation . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1939, p. 575 .
  3. ↑ Adolf Stoll: The painter Joh. Friedrich August Tischbein and his family: a life picture based on the notes of his daughter Caroline . Strecker and Schröder, Stuttgart 1923, p. 211–214 , urn : nbn: de: hbz: 466: 1-43628 .
  4. ↑ Christina Randig: Patriotic views of an earlier Conseiller de la Cour Impériale in Hamburg after the liberation from the French. Gerhard Anton von Halem and Tischbein's painting "General Graf von Bennigsen with his staff in front of Hamburg" , in: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History , No. 97, 2011, (pp. 39–56), ( digitized )
personal data
SURNAME Tischbein, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tischbein, Wilhelm (nickname); Goethe table leg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1751
PLACE OF BIRTH Haina / monastery
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 1829
Place of death Eutin