Zinnias

Zinnias
	Zinnia ( Zinnia elegans )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Heliantheae
Genre :	Zinnias
Scientific name
	Zinnia
	L.

The zinnias ( Zinnia ) is a plant genus in the subfamily of Asteroideae within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The 20 or so species are native to the USA , Mexico , Central and South America . Many varieties are used as ornamental plants .

description

Illustration of the Peruvian zinnia ( Zinnia peruviana ) from The Botanical Magazine , Plate 149, Volume 5, 1792

Peruvian zinnia achenes ( Zinnia peruviana )

Zinnia acerosa

Cup-shaped inflorescence of Zinnia grandiflora

Flower head from the side of the Peruvian zinnia ( Zinnia peruviana ), the bracts are easy to see

Zinnia species grow as annual to perennial herbaceous plants and subshrubs , which, depending on the species, usually reach heights of about 10 to 100 (rarely up to 200) cm. The stems are erect to prostrate. The sessile leaves are mostly opposite, rarely only almost opposite on the stems. The leaf blades are simple with a smooth edge.

Zinnia in the Kepahiang

The head-shaped inflorescences are often terminal on the stems. The flower heads of the natural forms have a diameter of 5 to 25 mm, in cultivated plants they can be larger. In three, four or more rows there are 12 to over 30 bracts ; they are unequal and the outer ones are shorter. The flower baskets contain 20 to over 150 tubular flowers and five to 21 (with Zinnia anomala they may be missing) ray-flowers (with cultivars, especially with "double" flowers, there can be more). The female, fertile florets (= ray flowers) have a very large range of colors: white, yellow, orange, red or purple. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers (= disc flowers) are usually yellow to reddish with five corolla lobes.

The often triangular achenes are dark brown to black and usually 5 to 8 (to 13) mm long. A pappus is missing or consists of one to a maximum of four awns or tooth-shaped scales.

Systematics

The genus Zinnia was established by Carl von Linné . The genus name Zinnia honors the German botanist Johann Gottfried Zinn (1727–1759). Synonyms for Zinnia L. are: Crassina Scepin , Diplothrix DC. , Mendezia DC. , Tragoceros Kunth .

There are 17 to 20 species of zinnia :

Zinnia acerosa (DC.) A.Gray (Syn .: Zinnia pumila A.Gray ): It is in the southern US states of Arizona , New Mexico and Texas and in the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Durango , Nuevo León , San Luis Potosí , Sonora and Zacatecas common.
Zinnia americana (Mill.) Olorode & AMTorres : It was first described from Mexico.
Narrow-leaved zinnia ( Zinnia angustifolia Kunth )
Zinnia anomala A.Gray : It is distributed from Texas to the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Zacatecas.
Zinnia bicolor (DC.) Hemsl. : It is common in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Jalisco and Nayarit.
Zinnia citrea A.M. Torres : It is common in the Mexican states of Coahuila and San Luis Potosí.
Zinnia ( Zinnia elegans Jacq. , Syn .: Zinnia violacea Cav. ): It is widespread in large areas of Mexico. Whether the valid name Zinnia elegans Jacq. or Zinnia violacea Cav. is, has been controversial. However, the name Zinnia elegans has been preserved since 2012 .
Zinnia flavicoma (DC.) Olorode & Torres : It was first described from Mexico.
Zinnia grandiflora Nutt. : It is common in the US states of Arizona, Colorado , Kansas , New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas and in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora and Zacatecas.
Haage zinnia ( Zinnia haageana usually )
Zinnia juniperifolia (DC.) A.Gray : It is common in the Mexican states of Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas. spread.
Zinnia maritima Kunth : It was first described from Mexico.
Zinnia microglossa (DC.) McVaugh : It occurs in the Mexican states of Guanajuato and Jalisco.
Zinnia oligantha I.M.Johnst. : It was first described from Mexico.
Peruvian zinnia ( Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. , Syn .: Zinnia pauciflora Phil. ): It is widespread in the Neotropics from southeastern Arizona, over large areas of Mexico and Central America ( Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua ) and Hispaniola to South America ( Venezuela , Bolivia , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Argentina , Paraguay ). It is a neophyte in many areas of the United States, for example in the southern US states (Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina), in China, South Africa and Australia .
Zinnia purpusii Brandegee : It was first described from Mexico.
Zinnia tenuis (S.Watson) Strother : It was first described from Mexico.
Zinnia venusta (AMTorres) Olorode & AMTorres : It was first described from Mexico.
Zinnia zinnioides (Kunth) Olorode & Torres : It was first described from Mexico.

The following species, formerly assigned to the genus Zinnia , is currently assigned to another genus:

Zinnia bidens Retz. → Glossocardia bidens (Retz.) Veldkamp

Zinnia variety 'Peppermint Stick'

use

In the temperate to subtropical areas, zinnias are mainly used as annual ornamental plants in parks and gardens. Zinnia varieties are sought out by butterflies as "nectar plants" and are therefore often cultivated. The ornamental varieties are often hybrids of Zinnia angustifolia and Zinnia violacea .

swell

Alan R. Smith: Zinnia Linnaeus , p. 71 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 21 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 3 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530565-5 (sections description, distribution and systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Zinnia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Alan R. Smith: Zinnia Linnaeus , p. 71 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 21 - Magnoliophyta : Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 3 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530565-5
↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask for The Global Compositae Checklist .

literature

Andrew M. Torres: Taxonomy of Zinnia . In: Brittonia . tape 15 , no. 1 , January 1963, p. 1-25 , doi : 10.2307 / 2805035 , JSTOR : 2805035 .

Web links

Commons : Zinnias - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[GRIN-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Zinnia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 25, 2016.

[FoNA-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Alan R. Smith: Zinnia Linnaeus , p. 71 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 21 - Magnoliophyta : Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 3 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530565-5

[GCompositaeCheck-3] Enter the taxon in the search mask for The Global Compositae Checklist .