Sonora (State)

Sonora
Capital	Hermosillo
surface	182.052 km² (rank 2 )
population	2,662,480 (ranked 19th )
Population density	14.6 inhabitants per km² (2010 census)
governor	Claudia Artemiza Pavlovich Arellano ( PRI ) (2015-2021)
Federal MPs	Morena = 4 PES = 2 PT = 1 (7 federal constituencies)
Senators	Morena = 2 PRI = 1
ISO 3166-2	MX-SON
Postal abbreviation	Sun
Website	www.sonora.gob.mx

Sonora [ soˈnoɾa ], officially Free and Sovereign State of Sonora ( Spanish Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora ) is a state in northwest Mexico east of the Gulf of California . Sonora is divided into 72 municipalities. It has 2.66 million inhabitants on a good 182,052 km². The capital was initially Arizpe and is now Hermosillo . The most important port is Guaymas .

The state has a share in the Sonoran Desert , the driest desert on the North American continent , which also extends into the neighboring US states of Arizona and New Mexico . The mouth of the Colorado separates it from the Baja California peninsula .

With a value of 0.797, Sonora was ranked 3rd among the 31 states of Mexico in the Human Development Index in 2015 .

history

After the lost war against the USA (1846–1848) and the subsequent sale of the adjacent Gadsden area (1853), the sparsely populated Sonora in particular, and Mexico in general, became a field of experimentation for Panlatinism . In order to strengthen the “Latin race” against the advance of the North Americans, French settlers established an independent settler republic in northern Mexico in 1853/54, but their leader Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon was defeated by the Mexicans in 1854 at Guaymas.

In the years 1854 ( William Walker ) and 1857, similar US counterprojects operated from California and Baja California failed .

Population development

year	population
1950	510.607
1960	783.378
1970	1,098,720
1980	1,513,731
1990	1,823,606
1995	2,085,536
2000	2,216,969
2005	2,394,861
2010	2,662,480
2015	2,850,330

cities and communes

Sonora is administratively divided into 72 Municipios . The largest cities in the state are:

city	Residents 2010
Hermosillo	715.061
Ciudad Obregón	298,625
Nogales	212,533
San Luis Río Colorado	158.089
Navojoa	113,836
Guaymas	113.082
Agua Prieta	77,254
Caborca	59,922
Puerto Peñasco	56,756

literature

• González de Reufels, Delia : Settlers and Filibusters in Sonora - A Mexican Region in the Interest of Foreign Adventurers and Powers (1821–1860). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003. (= Latin American research. Vol. 31), ISBN 3-412-04103-3 .

Web links

• Gobierno del Estado de Sonora - official website of the state (Spanish)
• Flag and history of French settlers in the Mexican Republic Sonora (English)
• Greetings from Walker's Republic of Sonora ( Memento from September 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Direccion General Forestal y Fauna de Interes Cinegetico del Estado de Sonora. Retrieved March 27, 2019 . 
2. ^ Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab. Retrieved August 12, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Mexico: States and Cities - Population Statistics in Maps and Tables. Retrieved July 28, 2018 . 

Coordinates: 29 ° 39 ′  N , 110 ° 52 ′  W