Partido Revolucionario Institucional

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Shield Institutional Revolutionary Party Mexico
PRI headquarters in Mexico City, 2006

The Partido Revolucionario Institucional ( PRI , translated "Party of the institutionalized revolution" or "institutionalized revolutionary party") is a social democratic political party in Mexico . The PRI is a full member of the Socialist International .

It was founded in 1929 under the name Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR) , was called Partido de la Revolución Mexicana (PRM) from 1938 and has been called Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) since 1946 .

history

Enrique Peña Nieto , President of Mexico from 2012 to 2018

Dominant role

From 1929 to 2000 the PRI was the dominant party in the country; it had clear features of a unity party , which is why it was often referred to as the "official party". Its supremacy was so evident until the 1980s that it was clear from the start that the PRI would win any election . From its inception until the 2000 election, the PRI provided all presidents , until 1989 all governors , almost all senators and the overwhelming majority of MPs in national, state and local parliaments. Until 1997 the PRI had an absolute majority in the House of Representatives .

Until the 1970s, apart from the PRI, only three opposition parties were allowed to participate in elections. Two of them were a left and a right split from the PRI, which, however, continued to have close contacts with the PRI and sometimes put up joint candidates. Only the conservative Catholic Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), founded in the late 1930s, was a real opposition party. It was not until the presidential election in 2000 that the PAN finally succeeded in replacing the PRI in government; their candidate Vicente Fox Quesada emerged victorious from the elections and was President of Mexico until 2006. After two lost elections drew in the presidential election in Mexico in 2012 with Enrique Peña Nieto , a candidate of the PRI in the presidency again. In the federal elections in Mexico in 2018 , the PRI candidate only received 16.4 percent of the vote, while the left-wing opposition candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador achieved 53.2 percent of the vote.

1988 presidential election

In the 1988 presidential election, for the first time since the beginning of the PRI rule, there was a real competitive situation that put the PRI's election victory into question. From dissatisfaction with the neoliberal policies of the PRI candidate Carlos Salinas de Gortari , the had Corriente Democrática split from the PRI and was along with other left-wing opposition forces as Frente Democrático Nacional (later Party of the Democratic Revolution begun) to choose and had Cuauhtemoc Cardenas as Presidential candidates placed. On election evening it initially looked like Cárdenas would win, but the computers that were used for the first time failed that night. The following day, PRI candidate Salinas was presented to the Mexican public as the winner of the election.

Party currents

The PRI describes itself as social democratic and belongs to the center or left center within the political spectrum. The Mexican political system has long been a de facto one- party system . Within the PRI, however, there was a multitude of different groups and organizations that stood for different and sometimes opposing policies and each hoped to be involved in the next government and to be appointed.

Sectors

The PRI is often compared to a three-legged chair and consists of three sectors through which a large part of the population is tied to the party: The workers sector consists of the Confederación de Trabajadores de México (CTM). The farming sector comprises the majority of those employed in the countryside. In the sector popular gather those that can be assigned to any of the other two sectors. In 1940 the military sector was abolished.

As long as the PRI ruled, membership in one of these associations was in many cases a prerequisite for participating in social and economic life. Through these corporatist structures it was possible to control large parts of the population.

Election manipulation

The implementation of large-scale and organized election fraud was mostly not necessary for the PRI in order to guarantee the appearance of democratic legitimation of its almost unlimited political supremacy in state and society until the end of the 20th century. Due to the unofficial patronage system that is widespread in Mexico , social advancement or being called up to important positions in the state often required membership of the PRI. This network of influential party members regularly ensured large-scale manipulation before and during the elections in almost all parts of Mexico. Primarily among the rural poor, food and building materials were distributed by PRI officials who were clearly identifiable as such, who also often took over the transport of voters to the polling stations. These polling stations were often monitored by PRI members, making a secret ballot impossible. Disappeared ballot boxes, repeated votes and even the casting of votes by people who had already died were part of the practice that secured the re-election of influential PRI mayors, governors and presidents in Mexico for decades.

Election results in presidential elections

Results of the PRI in presidential elections
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
29
34
40
46
52
58
64
70
76
82
88
94
00
06
12
18th
choice candidate be right
1929 Pascual Ortiz Rubio 01,947,848 (93.6%)
1934 Lázaro Cardenas del Río 02,225,000 (98.2%)
1940 Manuel Avila Camacho 02,476,641 (93.9%)
1946 Miguel Alemán Valdés 01,786,901 (77.9%)
1952 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 02,713,745 (74.3%)
1958 Adolfo López Mateos 06,721,045 (89.8%)
1964 Gustavo Díaz Ordaz 08,262,393 (87.7%)
1970 Luis Echeverría Álvarez 11,708,065 (82.9%)
1976 José López Portillo 15,435,321 (86.4%)
1982 Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado 16,145,254 (68.4%)
1988 Carlos Salinas de Gortari 09,687,926 (50.7%)
1994 Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León 17,181,651 (48.7%)
2000 Francisco Labastida Ochoa 13,579,718 (36.1%)
2006 Roberto Madrazo Pintado 09,301,441 (22.2%)
2012 Enrique Peña Nieto 18,153,342 (38.2%)
2018 José Antonio Meade 09,289,853 (16.4%)

See also

Web links

Commons : Partido Revolucionario Institucional  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marianne Braig , Markus-Michael Müller: The political system of Mexico. In: The Political Systems in North and Latin America. An introduction. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2008, p. 400.
  2. ↑ Raina Zimmering: myths change and political transition in Mexico. In: The Revolutionary Myth in Mexico. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2005, p. 31.
  3. ↑ Barbara Schröter: Clientelism in the Politics of Mexico. Parties in comparison. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2011, p. 23.
  4. ^ A b John Gledhill: Power and its Disguises. Anthropological Perspectives on Politics. Pluto Press, London / Boulder CO 1994.
  5. ↑ a b Luz Kerkeling: La Lucha sigue - The fight goes on. Causes and developments of the Zapatista uprising . Unrast Verlag, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-89771-017-X .
  6. ↑ Declaración de principios of 2013: "Por eso nos inscribimos en la corriente socialdemócrata de los partidos políticos contemporáneos." (Chapter Partido , No. 1)