Kiev Metro
| Basic data | |
| Country | Ukraine |
|---|---|
| city | Kiev |
| opening | November 6, 1960 |
| Lines | 3 |
| Route length | 67.6 km |
| Stations | 52 |
| use | |
| Passengers | 526.65 million (2012) |
| vehicles | 81-717 / 714 , 81-553, 81-554 and 81-555, 81-7021 / 7022 |
| operator | Kiev City Council |
| Gauge | 1520 mm |
| Power system | 825 V DC power rail |
The Kiev Metro ( Ukrainian Київський метрополітен Kyivskyj metropoliten ; Russian Киевский метрополитен ), colloquially also Підземка Pidsemka was the first underground railway in the Ukraine and was called the third underground railway in the USSR in 1960 and was the third underground railway in the USSR, and it was the third underground railway in the USSR . It is the main artery of the Ukrainian capital Kiev .
history
After Kiev was appointed the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1934, planning began for a rapid transit system in the city. The plans for a subway in Kiev were drawn up as early as 1941. Due to the Second World War , however, the project group could not be formed until 1949, which was given the name "Kiewmetroprojekt". The first construction work for the future metro network of the capital of the then Ukrainian republic began. Since the center of the city is located on water-saturated sandy soils, which can be traced back to an old river bed of the Dnepr , in addition to chemical soil consolidation, compressed air up to 4 bar and icing, the new shield drilling machine "Kiev scraper excavator", developed according to the soil conditions, had to be used. After an eleven-year construction period was November 6, 1960, the first section with the name Swjatoschinsko-Browarska (Святошинсько-Броварська лінія) between Dnipro (Дніпро) and Vokzalna (Вокзальна), Central Station opened. This 5.4 km long route led in an east-west direction under the city center and at that time comprised five stations. Two years later, the line marked in red on the plans, which has been referred to as Line 1 since 2006, already led two stations further west to Shuljawska (Шулявська). Another two years later, in 1965, the trains continued eastwards. Here the line leaves the tunnel at Dnipro (Дніпро) station to cross the Dnieper Bridge and then to Darnitsja (Дарниця), where the depot was built. Until then, the metro had to get along without a regular depot. Further extensions of the red line were in 1971 to the western station Swjatoschin (Святошин) and Tschernihiwska (Чернігівська) (east). On May 24, 2003, the Svyatozhinsko-Brovarska line was extended by a further 3.3 km to today's westernmost station, Akademmistschko (Академмістечко). This results in the current total length of the line of 22.7 km with 18 stations.
On 17 December 1976, the 3.1 km long blue was Kureniwsko-Tscherwonoarmijska -line (Куренівсько-Червоноармійська лінія) between the metro station Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності) and Kontraktova Ploschtscha opened (Контрактова площа). This line has been number 2 since 2006. A special feature since then is that - in contrast to many other subway networks in the world - the respective platforms at transfer stations have different names. So you can from a train of Kureniwsko-Tscherwonoarmijska -line at the station Maidan Nezalezhnosti to metro station Khreshchatyk change to the red line (Хрещатик). Furthermore, the line marked in blue was significantly extended in the 1980s. So more tunnel sections went to today's end stations Wasylkiwska (Васильківська) and Herojiw Dnipra (Героїв Дніпра) into operation.
On December 31, 1989, the third Kiev metro line with three stations between Soloti Vorota (Золоті ворота) and Klowska (Кловська) opened. It got the name Syrezko – Pecherska (Сирецько – Печерська лінія) and was 3.1 km long. This line was also expanded vigorously in the following years. The last expansion was on May 23, 2008 between Boryspilska (Бориспільська) and Chervonyj Chutir (Червоний хутір). Today the green line, known as Line 3 since 2006, is 23.9 km long.
After the first cases of corona virus infections occurred in Kiev at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine on March 16, 2020, the Kiev metro was closed from March 18, 2020 by order of President Volodymyr Selenskyj .
Tamara Alexejewna Zelikowskaja was one of the leading architects of the Kiev metro project (PI Ukrmetrotonnel project from 1994) .
Chronicle of the track openings
| date | line | section | + Route | = Route |
| November 6, 1960 | SB | Woksalna ↔ Dnipro | 5.2 km | 5.2 km |
| 5th November 1963 | SB | Woksalna ↔ Schuljawska | 3.3 km | 8.5 km |
| November 5, 1965 | SB | Dnipro ↔ Darnytsia | 4.2 km | 12.7 km |
| 4th October 1968 | SB | Darnytsia ↔ Chernihivska | 1.3 km | 14.0 km |
| 5th November 1971 | SB | Shulyavska ↔ Svyatozhyn | 4.2 km | 18.2 km |
| 17th December 1976 | KT | Majdan Nezalezhnosti ↔ Kontraktowa Ploshcha | 2.3 km | 20.5 km |
| 5th December 1979 | SB | Chernihivska ↔ Lissowa | 1.2 km | 21.7 km |
| December 19, 1980 | KT | Kontraktowa Ploshcha ↔ Obolon | 4.4 km | 26.1 km |
| 19th December 1981 | KT | Majdan Nezalezhnosti ↔ Respublikanskyj Stadion | 2.1 km | 28.2 km |
| November 6, 1982 | KT | Obolon ↔ Herojiw Dnipra | 2.2 km | 30.4 km |
| December 30, 1984 | KT | Respublikanskyj Stadion ↔ Lybidska | 2.3 km | 32.7 km |
| December 31, 1989 | SP | Soloti Worota ↔ Klowska | 1.9 km | 34.6 km |
| December 29, 1991 | SP | Klowska ↔ Wydubychi | 4.4 km | 39.0 km |
| December 30, 1992 | SP | Wydubytschi ↔ Osokorki | 4.2 km | 43.2 km |
| December 30, 1994 | SP | Osokorki ↔ Kharkivska | 2.6 km | 45.8 km |
| December 30, 1996 | SP | Soloti Worota ↔ Lukjanivska | 3.1 km | 48.9 km |
| March 30, 2000 | SP | Lukjanivska ↔ Dorohoshychi | 2.7 km | 51.6 km |
| May 24, 2003 | SB | Svyatozhyn ↔ Akademmistschko | 3.3 km | 54.9 km |
| October 14, 2004 | SP | Dorohoshytschi ↔ Syrez | 1.4 km | 56.3 km |
| August 23, 2005 | SP | Kharkivska ↔ Boryspilska | 2.5 km | 58.8 km |
| May 23, 2008 | SP | Boryspilska ↔ Chervonyj Chutir | 1.1 km | 59.9 km |
| December 15, 2010 | KT | Lybidska ↔ Wasylkivska | 3.8 km | 63.7 km |
| December 27, 2011 | KT | Wasylkiwska ↔ Wystawkowyj Zentr | 1.48 km | 65.18 km |
| October 25, 2012 | KT | Vystawkowyj Zentr ↔ Ipodrom | 0.92 km | 66.1 km |
| November 6, 2013 | KT | Ipodrom ↔ Teremky | 1.5 km | 67.6 km |
Lines
The metro has three lines with 52 stations and about 67.6 km in length:
| line | colour | route | opening | length | Stations | Travel time |
| Svyatozhinsko - Brovarska | red | Akademmistschko ↔ Lissowa | 1960 | 22.8 km | 18th | 38m |
| Kureniwsko - Chervonoarmiyska | blue | Herojiw Dnipra ↔ Teremky | 1976 | 20.95 km | 18th | 34m |
| Syrezko - Pecherska | green | Syrez ↔ Chervoniy Chutir | 1989 | 23.9 km | 16 | 32m |
During rush hour , the car is driven every 90 seconds.
Stations
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Similar to the Moscow metro and other metro systems of the former Soviet Union, many subway stations in Kiev were built as 3-tube stations and some of them are very deep underground, as they were also assigned a secondary function as a protective device in times of war. At around 105 meters below the surface, the Arsenalna subway station ( Арсенальна ) is one of the lowest in the world. Therefore, these tunnel stations are equipped with unusually long escalators ; the longest bridges a height difference of around 65 meters. Only the stations of the Svyatozhinsko – Brovarska line east of the Dnieper and the Dnipro stop (Дніпро) on the west bank of the river are in high elevation.
The first stations, which opened in the 1960s, feature elaborate architectural designs that combined elements of post-war Stalinism with those of traditional Ukrainian culture. This is especially the case at the central stations of the Svyatozhinsko – Brovarska line. These stations in the tunnel, with their monumental architecture and decorations, should radiate the pride of the working class and reflect aspects of Ukrainian culture. Often these stations are also designed in the manner of passages on the distribution floors , so that a diverse range of goods can be found there in the shops located there.
In the mid-1960s, functionality had a decisive influence on the architecture of the Kiev metro. It was not until the 1970s that the use of decorative architecture began again in order to achieve a quick resumption of the old architectural style. The more recent stations, with their design features similar to futurism , clearly stand out from the architecture and design of the Soviet metro stations, although the arrangement of entrances and escalators was retained. This means that the stations of the Kiev metro have a very varied architecture, ranging from traditional Soviet to modern metro architecture. All stations have a Ukrainian and a Russian name (name only in Cyrillic in the station).
Most of the stations have only one exit. The station names are assigned per route; If two routes cross each other, each platform (station on a route) has its own name. These exits are also far apart.
vehicles
The Kiev Metro fleet includes around 600 vehicles. The type 81-717 / 714 , which can also be found in other subway networks of the former Soviet Union , is mainly used . The vehicles of this generation are 18.17 m long, have four double sliding doors on each side, 44 seats and 22 standing places and have an engine output of 110 kW. The Kiev variant of this type is distinguished by a blue paintwork with a yellow stripe below the windows. Other series used include trains of the types "E" and "Еж".
In addition, a second, newer generation of vehicles is being tested, the cars of which bear the type designations 81-553, 81-554 and 81-555. This generation will by the company Wagonmasch from Saint Petersburg produced and has significant technical improvements over the first series on. The motor output was increased to 170 kW, the electricity requirement was reduced by 30% and the braking energy was used for electricity recovery . In addition, the noise development has been reduced. For the user of the metro, these cars are recognizable by a more modern interior. Vehicle control is now partially taken over by computer systems.
The subways of Kiev run in 5-car formations and can accommodate 330 passengers per vehicle. All vehicles have the broad gauge of 1520 mm, which is common in the former Soviet Union , and power is supplied via a conductor rail with a voltage of 825 volts direct current .
In the future, the construction of double multiple units in lightweight construction is planned in the Ukrainian wagon factory Krjukiw in Kremenchuk . The plant has been completing orders for the Kiev subway since the end of 2003, but so far these have been limited to escalators. The company has not yet had any experience in building subway vehicles. These orders are intended to reduce the dependence of the Ukrainian Metro on Russian wagon construction plants.
museum
A small museum at the Politechnichniy Institute underground station (Політехнічний інститут) provides information on the planning, construction and operation of the Ukrainian metro network. Old photographs, tickets and small station models as well as track parts are exhibited. The museum is open four days a week.
Future planning
The Kiev metro has been expanding again since the end of the 1990s, officially the numbers amount to one to three more kilometers of metro line per year. In 2005, the Kiev city parliament approved a development plan for the urban transport network until 2020, according to which a comprehensive expansion of the metro is to be expected, which is associated with an investment of 4.8 billion Ukrainian hryvnia (around 790 million euros).
While the red line is considered completed, the blue north-south line has been extended and should lead to Wystawkowyj Zentr from 2009 . Construction work began there in 2002. Two more stations were added (as of 2013), "Ipodrom" and "Teremky". Another station on the green line, called Wynogradar, is to go into operation by 2009 . Two new lines are planned for the longer term. On the one hand, a new east-west line is planned that will also cross the Dnieper . This should be named Podilsko-Wyhuriwska (Подільсько-Вигурівська лінія) and be assigned the brown line identification color. Part of the planned route of this line is already covered by an express tram . Only if this is overloaded will a decision be made about the construction of the new underground line. The second new underground line is to be a new north-south line that will only open up the eastern side of the river. In addition, the green and blue lines are to be expanded. A branch is planned to the south of the blue line.
In 2010 the metro in the Ukrainian capital carried around 504 million passengers, and plans by the city parliament envisage an increase in passenger numbers to 690 million per year. This would increase the metro's share of local public transport from 36.5% in 2004 to 42.5% in 2010.
literature
- Metros in the world . Transpress, 2nd supplemented edition, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-344-70715-9 , pp. 158-161
- Walter J. Hinkel, Karlreiber, Gerhard Valenta, Helmut Liebsch: U-Bahn - yesterday-today-tomorrow - from 1863 to 2010 . NJ Schmid Verlagsgesellschaft, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-900607-44-3 (chapter "Kiev")
Individual evidence
- ↑ The first two cases of coronavirus were registered in Kiev , on rbc-Ukraine from March 16, 2020; accessed on March 29, 2020 (Ukrainian)
- ↑ Coronavirus in Ukraine and the world: What is known on March 16 , on rbc-Ukraine from March 16, 2020; accessed on March 29, 2020 (Ukrainian)
- ↑ nrcu.gov.ua ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
