Metro wagon machine 81-717 / 714

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Metro wagon machine
series 81-717 / 714
A train from the 81-717.5M / 714.5M series
A train from the 81-717.5M / 714.5M series
Number: 5,320 cars
Manufacturer: Metro wagon machine Mytishchi; Yegorov Works St. Petersburg
Year of construction (s): Since 1976
Retirement: Since 2012
Axis formula : Bo'Bo '
Gauge : 1,435 mm (Budapest, Prague, Sofia, Warsaw)
1,524 mm (USSR / CIS)
Length: 19.206 mm (81-717.5m)
19.210 mm (81-714.5M)
Height: 3,650 mm
Width: 2,670 mm (81-717.5m)
2,712 mm (81-714.5M)
Empty mass: 34.0 t (81-717)
33.5 t (81-714)
Top speed: 90 km / h
Hourly output : 440 kW (81-717.5m)
456 kW (81-714.5M)
Acceleration: 1.1 m / s² (starting acceleration)
1.2 m / s² (braking deceleration)
Wheel diameter: 780 mm
Power system : 825 V =
Power transmission: Lateral power rail coated from below
Number of traction motors: 4th
Coupling type: Scharfenberg coupling
Seats: 40 (81-717)
46 (81-714)
Standing room: 268 (81-717)
286 (81-714)
Series 81-717 / 714, side view
Series 81-717 / 714, interior view

The 81-717 / 714 series is currently the most frequently used series of subway vehicles in Russia and several other states of the former Eastern Bloc . Resulting from the production of Metrowagonmash -factory in Mytishchi in Moscow (also and the Yegorov works Wagonmasch called -Fabrik) in Saint Petersburg originating trains are among others in the Moscow Metro of, Saint Petersburg Metro , but also in Kiev , Budapest , Prague , Tbilisi and Warsaw in daily use.

History of origin

The first models in the 81-717 / 714 series were developed in the mid-1970s. The need for a new series arose at that time from the ever increasing number of passengers on the Moscow Metro and also from several major construction projects for the Metro in the run-up to the Olympic Games , which were to take place in the Soviet capital in 1980. The series E vehicles, which were still in series production in the 1970s and were mainly in use until then, as well as some older models were increasingly less suitable for use on particularly heavily used lines, mainly because of their relatively small space capacity. The Metrowagonmasch plant has now taken on the task of developing a new series. In 1976 six cars were finally produced and then tested in use for over a year. A little later, the first cars in the new series were delivered for use on the ring line . Series production of the 81-717 / 714 series began at the Metrowagonmasch plant in 1978; In addition, the test cars were delivered to the Leningrad Yegorov mechanical engineering works for research purposes, whereupon serial production of the trains also began there in 1980.

In contrast to the older series, the space capacity of wagons 81-717 / 714 has been increased in that all intermediate wagons are now manufactured without unnecessarily space-consuming driver's cabs. A completely new design was developed for the front of the end car - among other things by rearranging the lights and centering the manufacturer's logo - as well as for the interior of the car, which became a lot brighter than its predecessor , especially due to the first use of fluorescent lamps was. In addition, several technical improvements were made, including the traction equipment, the brakes and the interior fittings of the driver's cabs. Instead of the E series switchgear control, the 81-717 / 714 series cars have a thyristor control, the drive motor output increased from 68 to 110 kW.

Shortly after the start of series production in Moscow, the Nomernyje , as the cars are unofficially called to this day (the nickname, which can simply be understood as "numbered cars"), goes back to the fact that the 81-717 / 714 series was the first subway car series the former Soviet Union, whose name was a number instead of a letter, as was previously the case), was delivered in considerable numbers to the Moscow depot Krasnaya Presnja , which serves the ring line. In addition, Line 8 , which was newly opened in 1979 , more precisely its Nowogirejewo depot , was completely equipped with trains of the new series. With the start of series production in Leningrad, the old vehicle fleet began to be replaced by the 81-717 / 714 vehicles. As early as 1980 Metrowagonmasch developed a model 81-717.1 or 81-714.1 modified for export, which was then delivered to Prague .

Versions

For all models and modifications of the series, a distinction is made between the 717 and 714 car types: The former are the end cars with a driver's cab, while the 714 cars are the middle cars, each with six additional seats and a few instead of the driver's cab Have standing room.

With the exception of a few export models, the Nomernye trains manufactured from the start of series production until the end of the 1980s corresponded to the model developed in 1976. For export, however, slightly revised modifications of the 81-717 / 714 series have been developed since 1980. For example, the 81-717.1 / 714.1 variant was delivered for the Prague Metro, which was primarily given a different paint job than the original model and was also geared towards the standard gauge common in Europe . The model developed for the Budapest Metro about a year later and modified in a similar way, which has also been used there since the early 1980s, was given the designation 81-717.2 / 714.2. The Budapest wagons have pantographs that differ from the rest of the vehicles because of the busbar that is painted from above .

The first major further development of the series took place in 1987. In particular, the inadequate fire resistance of the vehicles was often criticized after a car fire in a tunnel of the Moscow metro - fortunately without serious personal injury - broke out in April of the same year. A little later, the Metrowagonmasch plant presented the modified model 81-717.5 / 714.5, which received a number of improvements in terms of fire protection and technical equipment. In 1988, both the Metro Wagon Machine and the Leningrad Yegorov Works began series production of the new model. This model also became the basis for some export modifications developed later: At the beginning of the 1990s, the metrowagon machine works created the models for the Warsaw and Sofia subways, which were then still under construction , with the designations 81-717.3 / 714.3 and 81-717.4, respectively /714.4 received. They were delivered with the opening of these underground systems in 1995 and 1998, respectively.

In 1993 Metrowagonmasch finally developed a further improved modification of the series. This was given the designation 81-717.5M / 714.5M and contained a number of technical innovations, including more powerful engines. This model was further developed over the next few years: for example, the modifications made in 2001 in the interior with new, more vandal-resistant seats. The 81-717.5M / 714.5M trains have so far been delivered to the Moscow and Kiev metro . Based on the 81-717.5M / 714.5M, the 81-717.2М / 714.2М model was also created, which has been delivered to the Budapest Metro since the mid-1990s, as well as a successor model on behalf of the Baku Metro in 2002 . Since the end of the 1990s, on behalf of the Moscow and Petersburg Metro, the cars of the series produced up to then have been successively modernized, during which they are technically brought up to the level of the 81-717.5M / 714.5M.

Present and future of the series

The 81-717 / 714 series metro vehicles and their modifications are currently in use on eight of a total of twelve lines of the Moscow Metro. In Russia and the rest of the CIS they are used in all local subway systems with the exception of the Kazan Metro , outside the former Soviet Union in Budapest, Prague, Sofia and Warsaw.

In 2006 the Moscow Metro placed an order with the Metrowagonmasch works for the development of a new model of the series, which is expected to have the designation 81-717.6K / 714.6K. This has been tested since the end of 2007 and offers numerous innovations in the exterior and interior fittings. Among other things, the driver's cabs received a new exterior design with an electronic destination display similar to the 81-740 / 741 series, which has been manufactured since 2003 . The interior has also become more comfortable thanks to improved noise protection, among other things. In the future, the new model is to gradually replace the Moscow metro cars of the 81-717 / 714 series on several lines. It was first tested on the Samoskvorezkaya Line , whose fleet still partly consists of 81-717 / 714 series wagons built in the 1980s. One train is currently in regular use on the Kalininskaya line .

Web links

Commons : Vehicles of the Moscow Metro  - collection of images, videos and audio files