Kharkiv Metro

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Current line scheme of the Kharkiv Metro
Ticket for the metro, issued in the form of a plastic token

The Kharkiv metro ( Ukrainian Харківський метрополітен , Charkiwskyj metropoliten , Russian Харьковский метрополитен , Kharkovsky metropolitan ), the metro system consists of three major lines in the Soviet city , the second largest in 1975, the second largest in the Soviet city form.

history

As in many Soviet cities, Kharkiv's population skyrocketed after World War II . The construction of a subway for better development of the city had now also been considered. After the plans were finalized, construction work began in 1968 . A so-called “duo system” was to be set up. That means, while in the outer areas of the city already existing suburban lines of the railway were to be used, which were provided with a 3000 volt overhead line , in the city center of Kharkiv the construction of new subway tunnels was planned, with a lateral conductor rail with 825 Volts should be installed.

But already in the first year of construction the plans were changed to a full subway, for which there were several reasons: Firstly, the renovation of the city's existing railway stations was too expensive, and a lowering of the platforms was also planned. For the railroad trains used at the time, however, the distance between the car entrance and the platform would have been too great again. Second, the metro trains would have had to be completely redesigned so that the city found it cheaper to join vehicle procurements from other Soviet cities, as this also made production financially cheaper for Kharkiv. This would also have resulted in incompatibility with other Soviet subway systems, which they wanted to avoid. All of this led to a change in planning.

Since there is a very high water table in Kharkiv , the stations were not built very deep, which in practice only corresponded to depths of up to twenty meters. In other Soviet cities, on the other hand, station and route depths of up to seventy meters were not unusual.

Finally, after eight years of construction, on August 23, 1975 the first line between "Холодна Гора" ( Cholodna Hora - "Cold Mountain") and "Московський проспект" ( Moskowskyj Prospect - "Moscow Prospect") with a length of 10.6 km and eight Stations are opened, the line itself was named "Холодногірська" ( Cholodnohirska ). A workshop was opened at the same time, it is located at what was then the terminus at Moskowskyj Prospekt . Only a few years later, an extension in the southeast to the station "Пролетарська" ( Proletarska - "Proletarian") was opened, where a four-track storage facility was built. This line extension had five stations with 7.6 km. Since then, the line marked as red has connected the "Ленінський район" ( Leninskyj Rajon - " Lenin district") via the center with the "Орджонікідзевський" ( Ordschonikidsewskyj Rajon - " Ordzhonikidze district"); There are large housing estates in both districts .

A few years after the opening of the first line, construction work began on the next subway line in Kharkiv, ultimately the secant system common in the Soviet Union was to be built, which basically corresponded to a “subway framework” for a city. In 1984 a new section from "Барабашова" ( Barabaschowa ) to "Історичний музей" ( Istorychnyj Musej - "Historical Museum") was inaugurated, which was 7.7 km long and had five stations. A change to the existing line was possible at the Istorychnyj Musej station in the center . However, the station part of the Cholodnohirska line bears the name "Майдан Конституції" ( Majdan Konstytutsiji - "Square of the Basic Law"). Understandably also a crossover between the two lines in operation was simultaneously taken, but which is relatively rarely used because at the opening of the new line, the name "Салтівська" ( Saltiwska received), a new maintenance workshop at the station Barabaschowa put into operation has been.

A year later, an extension of the Saltiwska line by three stations to "Героїв Праці" ( Herojiw Prazi - "Heroes of Labor") was put into operation, which was 3.3 km long and had three additional stations. This means that the line marked in blue in the plans runs entirely in the “Kiev” district (Київський район), with the exception of one station.

In 1984 construction began on the third and, for the time being, last Kharkiv metro line. But due to the numerous events of the turning point, including the collapse of the Soviet Union and the proclamation of a sovereign Ukrainian state, the construction was delayed somewhat and so the third Kharkiv metro line could only be opened on May 6, 1995 between "Метробудівників" ( Metrobudiwnykiw - "U-Bahn- Builder ") and" Наукова "( Naukowa -" Scientific ") go into operation. This new line, which is 6.1 km long and has five new stations, did not have a workshop like the other existing lines. The trains of the so-called Oleksijiwska line are guided over a service track that connects the stations of the U-Bahn-Bauauer and Gagarinprospekt , and then serviced in the workshop of the red line. In 2004 another 2.6 km extension of the green line from "Naukowa" in a north-west direction to the station "23 Серпня" ( 23 Serpnja - "23 August") went into operation; the number of stations increased from 26 to 28. In 2010 the station "Олексіївська" ( Oleksijiwska ) was added, and in 2016 the station "Перемога" ( Peremoha "Victory").

Since the decommunization in Ukraine , some stations have been renamed:

Cholodnohirsko-Sawodska Line:

  • "Радянська" ( Radjanska - "Soviet") → "Майдан Конституції" ( Majdan Konstytuziji - "Costitution Square")
  • "Маршала Жукова" ( Marschala Schukowa - "Marshal Schukow") → "Палац Спорту" ( Palaz Sportu - "Sports Palace")
  • "Радянської армії" ( Radjanskoji armiji - "Soviet armies") → "Армійська" ( Armijska )
  • "Пролетарська" ( Proletarska - "Proletarian") → "Індустріальна" ( Industrialna - "Industrial")

Oleksiyivska Line:

  • "Площа Повстання" ( Ploschtscha Povstannja - "Place of the Rebellion") → "Захисників України" ( Sachysnikiw Ukrajiny - "Defender of Ukraine")

Lines

Kharkiv currently has three metro lines, which together have 38 km with 30 stations. In 2001, 233.1 million passengers were carried. During rush hour there is a 2–3 minute cycle, otherwise the trains run every 4–5 minutes.

line colour route opening length Stations
Cholodnohirsko-Zavodska red Cholodna Hora ↔ Industrialna 1975 17.2 km 13
Saltiwska blue Herojiw Prazi ↔ Istorychnyj Musej 1984 10.2 km 8th
Oleksiyivska green Metrobudiwnykiw ↔ Peremoha 1995 11.0 km 9

Web links

Commons : Metro Kharkiv  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files