Shopping arcade
A covered passage through a building complex or block of houses in which shops are located is referred to as a passage , shopping arcade ( ) or shopping arcade ( French : 'passage' = passage) . Often there are shopping arcades between parallel streets and often have a higher quality range or are part of the higher quality gastronomy .
The mix of stores is conceived with the aim of creating an environment in which customers spend a long time. In more exclusive passages, shops with cheap assortments are not integrated, but rather temporary vacancies are accepted. If possible, several levels are equipped with a mix of branches . Local retail and service specialists as well as brand manufacturers act as tenants. Usually there is also an experience catering zone.
history
In the 19th century, the passage developed into an independent type of building, a preliminary stage for department stores and modern shopping centers . In a cultural-historical work, Walter Benjamin describes the development of the first shopping malls in Paris :
- “The majority of Parisian arcades were created in the decade and a half after 1822. The first condition for their appearance is the boom in the textile trade. [...] They are the forerunners of department stores. […] In its decoration, art is at the service of the merchant. Contemporaries never tire of admiring them. [...] The passages are the scene of the first gas lighting . The second condition for the creation of the passages are the beginnings of iron construction . "
Inner-city shopping malls lost their importance in the 20th century due to competition from the emerging department stores and later from the shopping centers of car-friendly cities . Only since the 1980s have inner-city shopping centers been built again , as part of efforts to revitalize inner cities and the emergence of post-modern architecture , which are based on the shapes of the shopping arcades of the 19th century.
Historic shopping malls
- Passage du Prado , Paris (1785; 1925)
- Macca-Villacrosse Passage , Bucharest (1798; 1863)
- Passage des Panoramas, Paris (1800)
- Burlington Arcade, London (1819)
- Galerie Vivienne , Paris (1823)
- Passage du Grand-Cerf , Paris (1825)
- Passage Brady in Paris (1828)
- Westminster Arcade, Providence , USA (1828)
- Passage de Choiseul in Paris (1829)
- Passage Lemonnier, Liège (1836–1838)
- Passage Pommeraye in Nantes (1840–1843)
- Pasaje Matheu, Madrid (1843–1847)
- Passage Jouffroy , Paris (1845)
- The Passage (Пассаж, Passasch ), Saint Petersburg (1846–1848)
- Galeries Royales Saint-Hubert / Koninklijke Sint-Hubertusgalerijen in Brussels (1846)
- Paddock Arcade, Watertown ( New York ), USA (1850)
- English passage , Bucharest (1855)
- Passage in the Palais Ferstel , Vienna (1855)
- Passage des Princes (passage de Mirès), Paris (1860)
- Queen Augusta Passage, Cologne , Hohe Strasse (1863)
- Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II , Milan (1864–1867)
- Royal Arcade, Melbourne, Australia (1869)
- Kaisergalerie , Berlin (1873)
- Çiçek Pasajı, Istanbul (1876)
- Haagse Passage, The Hague (1885)
- GUM department store , Moscow (1890-1893)
- Galleria Umberto I , Naples (1887-1891)
- Passatge de Bacardí, Barcelona (1860)
- Castle Arcade, Cardiff , Wales (1887)
- Silver Arcade, Leicester , UK (1889)
- Cleveland Arcade, Cleveland , USA (1890)
- Block Arcade, Melbourne , Australia (1891-1893)
- The Strand Arcade, Sydney , Australia (1892)
- Victoria Quarter, Leeds , UK (circa 1900)
- Dayton Arcade, Dayton, Ohio , USA (1902)
- Petrovsky Passage (Петровский пассаж), Moscow (1903–1906)
- Friedrichstrasse Passage , Berlin (1907–1908)
- Mellin Passage in the Alsterarkaden , Hamburg (1900)
- Mädlerpassage in Leipzig (1912)
literature
- Johann Friedrich Geist : Passages: A building type of the 19th century. 3rd, supplemented edition, Prestel, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-7913-0487-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter Benjamin: Illuminations - Selected Writings 1, Suhrkamp, 1977, therein: 'Paris, the capital of the XIX. Century '(pp. 170-184), p. 170
- ↑ Laila Ellmoos, Strand Arcade, 2008