Wilhelma

Wilhelma
Full name	Wilhelma Zoological-Botanical Garden Stuttgart
motto	A park to fall in love with!
place	Wilhelma 13 ; 70376 Stuttgart
surface	30 hectares
opening	1846, open to the public since 1880, ; reopening after the Second World War 1949, zoo since 1953
Animal species	1214 species ; (December 31, 2015)
Individuals	approx.11,000 animals ; (December 31, 2018)
Visitor numbers	1,677,000 (2019)
organization
management	Thomas Kölpin
Sponsorship	State of Baden-Württemberg
Funding organizations	Association of friends and sponsors of Wilhelma
Member of	WAZA , EAZA , VdZ , Association of Botanical Gardens
	Entrance pavilion
	www.wilhelma.de

48.805277777778 9.2030555555556Coordinates: 48 ° 48 ′ 19 ″ N , 9 ° 12 ′ 11 ″ E

The Wilhelma is a zoological - botanical garden in the Stuttgart district of Bad Cannstatt . With over one million visitors annually, it is one of the most popular zoological gardens in Germany . Today, Wilhelma shows around 11,000 animals from all over the world on around 30 hectares . With almost 1200 species , it is the second most species-rich zoo in Germany after the Berlin Zoological Garden with 1504 species. The botanical area presents around 8500 plant species from all climate zones on earth. In addition to the public garden has Wilhelma through a branch, the in Fellbach located Tennhof , on the u. a. Breeding stallions and bulls of various species are kept.

The zoological-botanical garden is embedded in a historical palace complex built between 1846 and 1866 . In the 1950s, work began on adding a scientifically managed zoo to the previously only botanical-historical garden.

The attitude of the great apes at Wilhelma is a specialty: there were numerous breeding successes in the respective groups; the great ape houses were considered outstanding at the time of their opening (1973, 2013). The gorilla kindergarten was unique in Europe. With this, Wilhelma was the contact point for many European zoos when young animals were rejected by their mothers and hand-rearing was necessary.

Owner Wilhelma is the land of Baden-Wuerttemberg as a legal successor of the kings of Württemberg . It is subordinate to the Ministry of Finance and is the only state zoo in Germany.

history

Former zoo facilities in Stuttgart

Gustav Werner in a lion cage, 1864 or earlier

The Wilhelma, which has only included zoological elements since the post-war period, was preceded by several zoological institutions. These included the menagerie founded in 1812 by Friedrich I , the then King of Württemberg, on the site of a royal country palace near today's Neckartor . Special features were panels with explanations of the animals in the enclosures and the opening for the "normal" people. 220 animals were kept in the menagerie, including elephants, monkeys and parrots. In 1816, after the king's death, it was closed for financial reasons. In 1840, the Affenwerner , named after its owner's nickname , was opened as an inn expanded as a zoo. Gustav Friedrich Werner , owner of the zoo, demonstrated dressage with lions, bears, monkeys and parrots to entertain his guests. After his death, the zoo was closed in 1873. Two years earlier, was, after its founder Johannes Nill named, Tiergarten Nill opened on Herdweg. This existed until 1906 and housed up to 500 animals. In 1907 the manufacturer Theodor Widmann laid out the zoo at the Doggenburg . The plant continued by Gustav Bücheler closed in 1942.

Historic facility

Ludwig von Zanth: View of Wilhelma from 1855.
1b: Langer See (truncated), 1a: Half moon lake, 2: Moorish ballroom with adjoining Moorish garden, 3: Moorish country house, 4: Belvedere

Plan of Wilhelma from 1855
Red line = inner walkway, B = Belvedere, DH = Damascus Hall, GB = Large Basin, GG = Greenhouse walkway, HE = Main entrance, HS = Half moon lake, LS = Long lake, MF = Moorish ballroom (today aquarium terrarium ), ML = Moorish country house, NP = northern pavilion, SP = southern pavilion, TW = outer walkway with terracotta wall, WG = winter garden, WT = Wilhelma theater.
1 = main pavilion of the inner gallery, 2 u. 3 = side pavilions, axially to the corner pavilions of the greenhouse wings, 4 u. 5 = side pavilions, axially to the pavilions SP or NP, 6 u. 7 = arched pavilions, 8 u. 9 = corner kiosks in the arcades, 10 u. 11 = corner pavilions of the greenhouse wings.

During the design of the parks in the area surrounding Rosenstein Castle, which was completed in 1829, sources of the mineral water , which is important for the spa town of Bad Cannstatt, were discovered when drilling was probably carried out . King Wilhelm I developed the idea of having a " bath house " built there, which soon grew into a private pleasure garden. In doing so, he took up the desire from 1825 for his own pheasantry and orangery as well as a hall. Giovanni Salucci , the planner of Rosenstein Castle, then designed a corresponding system. Because the planning was based on Greek models, the king rejected it. Instead, Karl Ludwig von Zanth was commissioned to design a system in the Gothic or Moorish style .

Wilhelma Theater

Before the planning began, von Zanth was supposed to design a theater to show that he could realize such a project in the desired manner. On April 6, 1837, Wilhelm had commissioned the Obersthofmeisteramt to demolish the Bellevue country house in order to build a theater. On June 24, 1838, he approved the Pompeiian- style construction, which was estimated at 80,463 guilders, instead of the casino desired by the city of Cannstatt.

After the construction work began in spring 1839, the theater was opened on May 29, 1840, Wilhelm's name day .

In 1985 it was completely renovated and expanded at the instigation of the then Prime Minister Lothar Späth . Since 1987 it has served the State University for Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart as a learning and teaching theater, for the study areas opera and drama school, puppet theater , speech training , song class etc.

The building to the north-east of the main entrance, which was used both as a spa theater and as a court theater , is the only theater in Germany in the Pompeian style that has been preserved in the original painting.

Entrance pavilion and terracotta wall

Terracotta wall

In 1846 what would later become the ticket office, known as the central pavilion or garden room, was built. It is one foot (0.28 meters) above the Neckar's historically highest water level. A vaulted cellar, which has been preserved to this day and is located below the central pavilion, was also used to grow mushrooms.

A covered corridor led from the pavilion to the Wilhelma Theater. It was designed with oil paintings of animals and sea monsters made by Wilhelm Pilgram ; Due to moisture damage, however, these had to be replaced in 1856 by the relief-like terracotta panels that were preserved to this day and restored in 1997 . The roof structure was largely destroyed in the Second World War.

Moorish country house

Wilhelm I in front of the Moorish country house

From 1837, von Zanth planned the Moorish country house as a bathhouse with integrated living quarters and greenhouses. Work began in the spring of 1842. The greenhouses then housed the orangery in winter . This resulted in massive delays due to the immense costs (a maximum of 20,000 guilders set in 1842 was exceeded seven and a half times) and vehement criticism (especially from the Cannstatt Church Convention ). Therefore, the plan was revised several times, so instead of a 650,000 guilders expensive three-wing complex with a courtyard and six bathrooms, only one bathroom was set up in a building that was divided into 13 rooms, 26 meters long and 22 meters deep, which cost 235,000 guilders, 35,000 more than planned after the cuts (the main reason was the installation of hot water heating).

Despite this resistance, the work was completed in July 1846 and the Wilhelma, named after Wilhelm since 1845, was inaugurated on September 30, 1846. This happened on the occasion of the wedding of Crown Prince Karl and the Tsar's daughter Olga Nikolajewna , who were married on July 13, 1846 in Peterhof Palace and moved into Stuttgart on September 23.

Moorish garden

The Moorish garden with “large basin” seen from the Moorish country house, behind it the later completed Moorish ballroom with adjoining walkway

Column of the Moorish Garden with a tiled wall

The inner garden of the entire complex, known as the Moorish Garden, was created parallel to the adjoining Moorish country house and, together with it, is considered to be the heart of Wilhelma.

The "large basin" located there and the two smaller basins to the left and right of it were equipped with fountains in 1847/1848 , which was a technical challenge at the time. In the 1950s, the waterfowl-stocked pond that the large basin had become was stocked with water lilies. It made history as the largest heated water basin in Europe (800,000 liters capacity).

The Moorish Garden is adjacent to the colonnade, which was built for 97,000 guilders and which contains the whispering gallery . It is a physical phenomenon that enables problem-free conversation at a reduced volume over a distance of approx. 40 meters. The whispering gallery is on the right-hand side behind the outer pavilion in the direction of the Moorish Garden. A plaque there points out the phenomenon rediscovered by Uwe Laun in 2010. The walkway is designed using large-format mauresque tiled stars , the so-called tiled wall .

Two pavilions border the garden, which were restored from 1987 to 2006.

Glasshouse

The greenhouse extends from the walkway of the Moorish Garden to the entrance area of the Wilhelma. It was built between 1852 and 1853 instead of a few small glass houses and the pineapple greenhouse built in 1839. The cast iron parts were produced in series to ensure that the construction was as time and money as possible . This was one of the first systematic applications of prefabricated construction in the kingdom of that time. To study the construction of the cast iron parts and the heating technology, Zanth made a trip to Great Britain, which also took him to France and the Netherlands. As a special feature, if not a uniqueness, the glass and iron construct was designed with arabesque-like oriental ornamentation.

The first Wilhelma animals were kept in one of the two domed houses of the greenhouse wing, 7 × 7 meters wide and 6.5 meters high. In 1854 cages and parrot stands were procured to house birds that the wife of the Württemberg consul in Amsterdam had given to King Wilhelm. In 1861 the king bought an Inca cockatoo , the carcass of which was given to the Natural History Museum for preparation six years later. One of the two houses had a basement to cultivate the giant Victoria water lily in a heated pool . From 2017 to 2019 the houses were extensively renovated and are now used as aviaries again.

Moorish ballroom

Moorish ballroom, around 1900

The largest building of the royal Wilhelma was the Moorish Festsaal, built from 1847 onwards, which opened on October 21, 1851 despite the idea of discontinuing construction due to the German Revolution . The building opposite the Moorish country house bordered the Moorish garden. It contained paintings by Julius Lettenmayer . Various events took place in the ballroom. During the Stuttgart Imperial Days in 1857 were next to King Wilhelm I of Württemberg Tsar Alexander II and Emperor Napoleon III. present. Napoleon is said to have said that he owns a lot of beautiful things himself and has seen a lot of beautiful things, but not something that can be compared with Wilhelma.

The Moorish Ballroom was badly damaged by bombing during World War II. After a few years in ruins, it was demolished in the 1960s. Part of the entrance portal could remain, today there are rooms for seminars. Today the crocodile hall takes the place of the ballroom. The half moon lake, now used as a sea lion pool, was in front of the ballroom.

Belvedere and subtropical terraces

Animal sculptures in the Wilhelma

The Belvedere was also completed in 1851 as a viewing pavilion, which formed the end of the Wilhelma until the expansion in 1968. Older plans by Zanths from 1844 called for a lookout tower instead of the belvedere. From the site of the pavilion, which is not open to the public today, the Wilhelma grounds, the Neckar valley and the burial chapel on the Württemberg can be seen.

The three steps of the subtropical terrace below the Belvedere were built between June 1835 and summer 1836 by day laborers (around 160 a day) and convicts (33 to 43 a day). In the prewar period they housed ornamental fruit, the orangery (until 1853) and grapevines. However, they did not get their name until the 1980s.

The Wilhelma planned by Zanth was completed two years after the opening of the ballroom with the completion of the winter garden. When it was upgraded between 1850 and 1856, fountains, animal sculptures and 48 vases were added. Eight of the nine animal sculptures were made by Albert Güldenstein between 1846 and 1857 . The statue of the bull attacked by a lion was made by an unknown Italian sculptor before 1817. The sculpture of the lion defending his cub is missing, its former location unknown.

Damascus Hall

After Zanth's death in 1857, the Damascus Hall with attached pheasantry and poultry farming was also built. It opened in 1864, the same year that King Wilhelm died. The hall was realized on the basis of plans by Zanth under Wilhelm Bäumer . The building is named after the city of Damascus , a center of the Moorish style. In 1864, Wilhelm's son Karl lifted the ban on public entry. Whoever wanted to visit Wilhelma at the time had to apply to the Obersthofmeisteramt, and it was usually approved. Since the issuing of tickets by name ended in 1880, this year is usually taken as the time when Wilhelma opened.

The Damascus Hall was the only building that did not suffer much damage during the war; it served as a “small” predator house. Since its restoration in 1992, the ceiling and interior design can be seen in the way they were in the ballroom and country house before the destruction. The hall is rented out for weddings. In the back there is a museum about the royal Wilhelma. In front of the Damaszenerhalle is the Lange See.

Zoological-botanical garden

prehistory

Gardens in Wilhelma, 1912

With the dissolution of the Württemberg court in 1918/19, Wilhelma became the property of the People's State of Württemberg . After the end of the monarchy, it was opened to the public as a small botanical garden. Until the beginning of the Second World War, the orchid collection was considered unique in Germany and made a significant contribution to the financing of the botanical garden through the sale of offspring. A separation between Rosensteinpark and Wilhelma, which was previously sometimes referred to as the "lower park", did not take place until the early 1930s. In 1939 Wilhelma was part of the Reichsgartenschau .

During the Second World War, Wilhelma was badly damaged in two air raids on the night of October 19-20, 1944. Large parts of the complex were in a ruinous condition. The plants (including the outstanding stocks of oranges and azaleas ) were destroyed if they had not been removed as a precaution. After the war ended, Wilhelma belonged to the state of Württemberg-Baden , which was added to the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952 .

Emergence

Sea lion tank, in the background the aquarium

Albert Schöchle , acting director since 1933, began to rebuild Wilhelma in autumn 1945 with the employees who were still present after the World War and were able to work. In addition, vegetables were planted for the city's hospitals. For financial reasons, the reconstruction had to be carried out on an extremely provisional basis. In order to increase the attractiveness of Wilhelma, Schöchle took up the idea of a “Wilhelmazoo” from the pre-war period. He wanted to use temporary exhibitions for this. In the year it reopened in 1949, an aquarium show was organized. In 1950 there was the largest German bird show at the time, showing cassowaries , a pheasantry , rheas , ostriches and birds of paradise . In the same year, the exhibition Animals of the German Fairy Tale with Brown Bears and Lions followed. Snakes, dinosaurs and crocodiles presented giant tortoises, anacondas , pythons and crocodiles . African steppe animals (1951) showed antelopes , waterbuck , zebras , wildebeest and giraffes . The “Indian Jungle Animals” exhibition (1952) featured most of the large animals and, despite a sixty percent increase in admission prices, led to a considerable increase in visitor numbers. Elephants, tigers, leopards, collar bears and bearded monkeys could be seen . After the shows, the animals always stayed in the Wilhelma. This was possible because the temporary accommodation had been built much more elaborately and more generously than would have been necessary for a temporary exhibition. Several weeks after the bird show opened in 1950, the Ministry of Finance ordered the animals to be removed. Thereupon Schöchle visited the then finance minister Karl Frank persuaded him to baptize a lion cub. This aroused the interest of the media and Frank recognized the opportunity to increase his popularity through Wilhelma, whereupon he withdrew the order in 1951. In 1956 the Association of Friends and Patrons of Wilhelma was founded. In 1960 the Council of Ministers approved the further expansion of Wilhelma into a zoological-botanical garden in 1961 with the consent of the Baden-Württemberg state parliament .

expansion

The first major project was the nocturnal animal house (1962) in the destroyed Moorish country house. The first modern zoo building was the aquarium , which was inaugurated in 1967. In 1968 the predator house, elephant and rhino house as well as hippo and tapir house followed. Albert Schöchle retired in 1970. He was followed by his colleague Wilbert Neugebauer , during whose time the monkey houses (1973), the subtropical terraces (1981), the young animal rearing house (1982), the South American facility (1977) and the facility for African ungulates (1980) were realized. The biologist Dieter Jauch , previously curator of the aquarium, became the third Wilhelma director in 1989. During his time the facility for bear and climbing animals planned by the predecessor was created (1991) and the show farm (1993), with which Wilhelma reached its present size. Also under Jauch was the bird free flight aviary with penguins and kangaroos (1993), the Amazon house (2000), the insectarium (2001), the extension of the bongo enclosure (2003), the redesign of the crocodile hall (2006), the redesign of the elephant outdoor enclosure (2012), the construction of the meerkat enclosure (2013), the African ape house (2013), a new outdoor terrarium (2013) and the expansion of the bison enclosure (2013).

Today and the future

In 2014 Thomas Kölpin took over the management of Wilhelma. The nocturnal animal house (1962–2014) was closed with the aim of building a new nocturnal animal department in the future elephant park. The small mammal house (1968-2014) has been rebuilt in the same location since 2016.

In connection with the construction work for the Stuttgart 21 railway project and the B 10 tunnel , the multi-part pedestrian walkway over the Neckar and B 10 was removed as a connection from the Stuttgart-Bad-Cannstatt train station to Wilhelma; this pedestrian and bicycle connection will be integrated into the new railway bridge . The Wilhelma tram stop was relocated around 200 meters in front of the entrance area; The commissioning took place after almost two years of construction on July 27, 2016. The possibility of building a freely accessible hippopotamus facility on the banks of the Neckar, i.e. outside Wilhelma, is being discussed. Since the corresponding area of 3400 m² is too small, the decision was made to continue planning with pygmy hippos, but not with the "large" hippos that were originally favored. For the 1.5 to 2 million euro project, a cooperation with the Neckar-Käpt'n and the State Museum for Natural History is being considered.

A master plan that outlines the future of Wilhelma for the next 20 years was submitted to the Ministry of Finance for review in July 2015 and published in April 2017. Accordingly, a large Asian facility is planned in the upper part of Wilhelma along Pragstrasse. As a first step, a terrain for Asian ungulates will be created from February 2019, which is expected to cost around EUR 1.5 million. The expenditure for an “Asian village” with farm animals and domestic animals from this continent, which will replace the current farm, is also expected to amount to 1.5 million euros. A petting zoo will also be integrated again here. An "elephant world" with 11,700 m² outside and 5,100 m² building area is to house a breeding group with up to 14 animals. A pair of Siberian tigers should ensure breeding success on the current Taking site . The Indian rhinoceros area is to be enlarged and a second female animal will move in. The existing accommodations for saddleback tapirs and Asiatic lions complete the Asian theme.

Wilhelma has its own parking garage.

Companies

The appointment as a commercial enterprise of the state of Baden-Württemberg on April 1, 1955 enabled Wilhelma for the first time its own budget and economic management. Wilhelma can generate around 70% of the 20.3 million euros in annual operating costs itself. As a result, Wilhelma is to receive grants of 4.4 million euros in 2016 for the operation of the zoological-botanical garden. Wilhelma will receive a further 4.1 million euros for the maintenance of all of the state's own green spaces in the city of Stuttgart. Personnel costs account for 8.2 million of the costs of 20.3 million euros. Here, Wilhelma is divided into four departments. The zoology area comprises 18 districts, which not only include animal husbandry in front of the scenes, but also the sick and quarantine station. The department includes two veterinarians, five biologists, a zoo inspector, 90 animal keepers and around a dozen trainees. The botany department is responsible for the plant showhouses, the green spaces within Wilhelma and the greenhouses behind the scenes. This is done by a biologist, two horticultural engineers, six master gardeners, 22 gardener assistants and seven trainees. The third area is park maintenance, which is responsible for the state's 300 hectare green spaces within the city of Stuttgart. In addition to three garden and landscape architects and two engineers, around 70 employees work in the six operating locations. The administration and technology department includes administration and accounting as well as workshops, press and public relations, the Wilhelmaschule and the management.

Zoological facilities

As far as possible, the facilities are listed in the order of the barrier-free tour recommended by Wilhelma.

Bird and small mammal house

Large tanrek in the small mammal house

The bird and small mammal house behind the winter garden, which has existed in this form since April 1968, was opened as an interim aquarium in 1963 and closed in November 2014. It was demolished and will be rebuilt in the same place. It should then also house insectivore . The reopening of the house was originally planned for spring 2016. Due to construction defects, no opening date is currently in sight. In the new house, no separation should be made between the bird, insectivore and small mammal departments. Wherever possible, small mammals and birds should be kept together .

Most recently, the Cuba Tree Rat , Tupaja , Small Igeltenrek , Degus , gerbil , dwarf and totem mouse , Viscacha , Gundi , Chinchilla , Großer Tanrek (last specimen in a German zoo) and short-eared elephant lived in the small mammal house . In the past, marsupials, marmosets, monotremes , spines , small cats and crawling cats could also be seen. The Doria tree kangaroos, which were bred several times, were also housed there, as was later in the young animal rearing house. The first German breeding succeeded in these, the last example of the Wilhelma was also the last in Germany. Sloths and marmosets lived in the middle part . Pakas used to live there . In the aviary there were recently various representatives of the nectar birds, amadines, weaver birds, herons and finches, formerly also parrots and hummingbirds. In 1976 the owl was first bred there in the world .

In the two domed houses of the greenhouse wing, exotic bird species can be seen in aviaries since the renovation in 2019. The equipment was the South American rainforest , z. B. for Azurkopftangare , red-footed honey suckers and red crown finch, or the Australian dry forest , z. Eg for zebra finch , Gouldian finch , double-barred finch and Diamanttäubchen , modeled.

Sea lions

Sea lion feeding

The sea lion enclosure, originally laid out as a half moon lake of the royal Wilhelma, is home to a breeding group of California sea lions . Once there were also elephant seals there . Tristan lived until 1970 and Isolde , born in 1965, was the first young animal of the elephant seals living in zoos to be older than a few days. Since she died at the age of one and a half, the world's first offspring is not recognized by all zoological institutions. Wilhelma's last elephant seal, the bull Charly, was euthanized in the summer of 1996 at the age of 23 and was the penultimate specimen in a German zoo.

Entrance area

In the course of the redesign of the entrance area, the zebra mongooses moved to a facility in the area of the former outdoor enclosure for the giant tortoises near the crocodile hall. Before that, the animals lived in an outdoor enclosure at the main entrance, in the small mammal house and in the small predator house (today the Damascus Hall). A second outdoor facility at the main entrance housed u. a. Porcupines , marsupials , meerkats , prairie dogs , little pandas and marmots .

Aquarium house

history

The first Wilhelma aquarium was also located behind the walkway of the Moorish Garden. In 1961 it was demolished together with the ruins of the Moorish ballroom, and an interim aquarium was set up in what would later be the bird and small mammal house. After two years of planning, the new house was built from 1963 to 1967 for 6.3 million DM. Since the subsoil consists of alluvial land, 250 concrete piles had to be inserted into the subsoil. In contrast to the large halls customary at the time, the house was divided into seven smaller areas. It initially consisted of six landscape aquariums, two pools for sea turtles and a so-called all-round pool and the like. a. for sharks. Great emphasis was placed on the needs of animal care, e.g. B. with spacious rooms in the background. With the development of lighting - up to today's LED lamps - and cooling technology, it was possible to show more and more species. For example, decorations made from dead coral sticks or holed stone from the Swabian Alb were partially replaced by living corals . The crocodile hall was redesigned in 2006; instead of numerous concrete compartments, a three-part system was created that only presents one species of crocodile. In 2013, the penguin climatic chamber was converted into a deep-sea aquarium. Large-format information boards have been attached to the walls since 2006. In 2011, an upgradeable information system made up of LED light boxes was installed.

- In the three-piece construction are grouped by theme in individual aquariums and terrariums fish and invertebrates and amphibians and reptiles shown. The thematic groups are domestic salt and fresh water , the Mediterranean Sea , terrarium and fresh and salt water of the tropics . Like the hexagonal crocodile hall, the individual terrariums are located in the middle of the complex.

Aquarium

On display are various higher bony fish , sturgeon , cartilaginous fish , lampreys , echinoderms , molluscs , cnidarians , arthropods , polychaetes , sponges , lizards , snakes , turtles and tail and Anura . The species currently kept include chimeras (one of currently two German keepers), shredded fish (the only one in European zoo history and first breeding in Europe) and Japanese pine cone fish (first European import). Local small reptiles live in open-air terrariums in front of the entrance. With caimans , an anaconda and iguanas , reptiles are also housed in the Amazon house.

Crocodile hall

Crocodile feeding

The crocodile hall was built in 1967 on the site of the Moorish ballroom that was destroyed in the Second World War. The hall, which was awarded the Paul Bonatz Architecture Prize, has been home to saltwater crocodiles and turtles since the redesign in 2006 . The Tong estuarine crocodile shown is a white specimen. This coloration occurs in about every twenty thousandth animal. The leap shown during the weekly feeding of this animal is unique in Europe. In 2017 the population was expanded by resuming keeping a freshwater crocodile . In March 2019, the 50-year-old saltwater crocodile Frederick , which comes from an Australian crocodile park and is 4.31 meters long, is the largest specimen in Germany. Turtles are represented by the Papuan softshell turtles in a landscape aquarium (European first breeding 2001) and other water turtles in the crocodile hall.

Before the redesign, the complex housed various giant tortoise species, briefly a pygmy hippopotamus (until the hippopotamus house was completed) and 18 different crocodiles . These included real crocodiles such as stump , freshwater and saltwater crocodiles, caimans such as crocodile and broad- snouted caiman , and alligators such as Mississippi and China alligators . Giant tortoises were once also kept in the greenhouse and in the Moorish country house, where a very large collection of tortoises was shown before the reconstruction in 1962 . Several species of sea turtles , alligator turtles and Borneo river turtles once lived in the aquarium and in a basin in the walkway of the Moorish Garden .

terrarium

Breeding success with the Stuttgart Gillens dwarf monitor

The Wilhelma terrarium is divided into three climatic sections. Numerous snakes are cared for, such as rattlesnakes , pythons , idol snakes, and vipers . Before the construction of today's facility, reptiles lived in a previous building in the area of today's aquarium and in the interim aquarium at the winter garden. Once upon a time, Wilhelma possessed a much greater variety of species, the anacondas collection being particularly noteworthy .

North American residents such as chuckwallas , desert iguanas and Gila crustaceans live on lizards in Wilhelma . A common Australian keeping includes bearded dragons , frilled lizards and pine cone lizards . A rhino iguana , geckos , agamas , skinks , crocodile- humped lizards and monitor lizards are also kept. Of the latter, Wilhelma is showing Gillens Warane as the first German offspring and the only German owner . These are remnants of what was once the world's largest collection of monkeys. Wilhelma managed to preserve the Papuan dragon as well as the world's first offspring of the spiny-tailed monitor and the Mertens water monitor .

Data

Animal population in 2017: 4500 fish in 530 species, 1100 invertebrates in 140 species, 305 reptiles in 90 species, 300 amphibians in 25 species, 16 birds in 4 species.
71 aquariums, 32 terrariums (plus crocodile hall, 5 outdoor terrariums and 1 outdoor turtle enclosure), 5 bank basins, 6 climatic landscapes
4,300 m² of usable space, one third of which is a show and visitor area.
Water volume: 500,000 liters
55 tons of salt for sea water per year

Young animal rearing house, old ape house and house for lower apes

Red Vari

In 1982 the young animal rearing house was opened. Due to the extremely difficult financial situation of the zoo, it was co-financed by the Association of Friends and Patrons. The association used 500,000 D-Marks for this; before that, Wilhelma was supported by donating animals. Until the opening of the new great ape house, the “gorilla kindergarten”, from which the name of the house is derived, was housed there. Until its closure in 2017 there of living as representatives marmosets Kaiserschnurrbarttamarine , pygmy marmoset , Goeldi's marmoset , a golden-headed lion tamarin and a white face marmoset . In addition, the Youngstock House hosted a Red Vari , sloths , gold agoutis , Baby Chicken with show breeder, Chilesteißhühner and drills .

Until 2015, pigeons were also shown in the young animal rearing house or in an aviary, which were moved to a pigeon house in the area of the show farm. There was now an outdoor enclosure for various monkeys. The Sinai spiny mice also moved out. Your enclosure was transformed from a desert landscape into a tropical area dominated by botany, and spiders moved in. The former outdoor area of the gorilla kindergarten was redesigned and the drills moved there . The grasping spines, only to be seen in Stuttgart and Frankfurt at the time of the husbandry abandonment (June 2015), were given up in favor of a minimal improvement in the drills' posture. The previous drill enclosure now housed howler monkeys. In the course of its history the building has housed monkeys (they were replaced by drills), sakis (they moved to the Amazon house), Sinai spiny mice (they were replaced by tarantulas), hummingbirds , ring grouse (the keeping was made for an extension of the enclosure for Chicken chicks ended), prickly pigs , color mice and tree kangaroos . The great ape rearing in Wilhelma did not specialize in gorillas until later, before all great ape species were raised.

In November 2017 the house was closed for renovation, most of the animals moved into the neighboring old ape house. Due to the poor structural condition, it was decided in 2019 to demolish the young animal rearing house. In its place, the long-term outdoor facilities of the new Australian house are to be built.

Orangutan in the old ape house

The old ape house opened in 1973 as one of the most modern of its time. The tiled rooms of the individual monkey species and the large glass windows for the visitors were characteristic. A zoo architectural specialty were the inclined panes, which enable better force dissipation. This achievement was copied by numerous zoos and also used in the new ape house. Another innovation was the installation of rotating metal bars. This enclosure, known as the “carousel”, was taken over by many zoos and also found its way into the new great ape house at Wilhelma. The last two chimpanzees that remained at Wilhelma were given to the zoo in Veszprém , Hungary , in the summer of 2010 as part of the European conservation breeding program . Since the opening of the new ape house, only orangutans have been housed in the old ape house , before they also moved to the new ape house in 2017. After it was used from the end of 2017 to the end of 2019 as the "South America House" to accommodate the animals of the young animal rearing house, it is to be converted into an "Australia House" by 2021, in which u. a. Koalas should be kept.

Crested langur

The house for the lower apes was opened in 1973, it houses crested langurs and gibbons . The breeding and keeping successes of the Schlankaffen are a specialty compared to most other zoos: For example, 37 young animals were born in the crested langurs, which in Germany can only be seen in the zoos of Stuttgart, Cologne and Berlin . In 2015 the house was slightly redesigned. The gibbons were given an indoor enclosure that visitors can see. Throughout its history, lived in the house for Low monkeys the then single proboscis monkeys in Europe (the latter two animals were to New York cast), macaques (the attitude was finished in 2004), Drills , clothes monkeys (the last animal was to Cologne , post) briefly Spider monkeys (the animals moved to the rocking monkey island) and capuchin monkeys . On the so-called rocking monkey island opposite live gold-forehead spider monkeys .

Subtropical terraces and a Moorish country house

In 1981 the aviaries were opened on the royal subtropical terraces. They are home to various representatives of Parrot birds , squirrel monkeys, Kokaburras , marbled and bald ibis . Special features are the only kaka keeping outside of the home country, the first offspring of the kaka outside of the home country and the first German offspring of the kea . Due to the weight of the new ape house, a historical wall of the subtropical terraces is shifting, major building measures for stabilization are therefore pending.

In 1962 the aviaries in the Moorish country house were built. Residents are u. a. Crowned Pigeon , Pfirsichköpfchen , Bali Star , White Ear Catbird and Katharinasittich . In the past, hummingbirds , rock cocks and birds of paradise were also shown there. From 1962 to 2014 the first nocturnal animal department in Europe was located there.

Facility for bear and climbing animals with adjacent enclosures

Areas

Bear enclosure

The facility for bears and climbing animals on a former part of the Rosenstein Park was opened in 1991. The inhabitants are beaver , snow leopard , falconry caracara , mountain goat , screw goat , ibex and spectacled bear . The breeding group of the Dall sheep was replaced by the screw goats. It was there that Wilhelma's last “kennel brown bear” was granted his bread of grace. After the death of the last brown bear in June 2019, it was announced that in the future its old facility would also be used for keeping and breeding spectacled bears.

The seven aviaries for birds of prey and owls were built as a unit with the facility for bears and climbing animals. They are inhabited by snowy owls , long -eared owls , griffon vultures , sea eagles , bearded owls and eagle owls . Commented feedings have been offered since Easter 2014. Wilhelma is actively involved in in-situ species protection projects for griffon vultures, sea eagles and eagle owls . Formerly lived there kites , falcons , hawks , condors and other representatives of vultures , eagles and owls. A new construction of the aviaries is planned.

The area of the facility for snow leopards was quadrupled to 700 m² from the winter of 2015/2016, as it did not comply with the mammal report of the BMEL . The opening took place after several postponements on March 26, 2018. The hillside area was modeled on the mountain landscape of the home of the snow leopards and is provided with a network system up to ten meters high. The animals can be observed through a pulpit and a small tunnel. The Association of Friends and Patrons of Wilhelma contributed 300,000 euros to the costs of 1.6 million euros.

An enclosure built in 1993 for polar bears is to be converted to keep cheetahs. Wilhelma's last polar bear, the female Corinna , died at the age of 28 in July 2018. Between August 2018 and November 2019, the sea lions were temporarily housed in the facility during the renovation of their pool.

Polar bear wilbear

Wilbär on September 14, 2008

On December 10, 2007, the 17-year-old female polar bear Corinna gave birth to the young Wilbär . The name of the animal is a suitcase word from Wilhelma and Bär . The name, now protected, can be interpreted as an allusion to Wilbert Neugebauer, the former director and planner of the polar bear enclosure. From its first appearance on April 16, 2008, to its removal to the Grönklitt Bear Park in Orsa, Sweden on May 14, 2009, Wilbär was an attraction. During this time, Wilhelma achieved a particularly high number of visitors. Since there were polar bear cubs in two other German zoos at the same time as Knut in Berlin and Flocke in Nuremberg, intensive reporting and public attention developed. In contrast to the other zoos, through initial secrecy and other measures, Wilhelma endeavored to give the animals more peace and quiet.

South America plant

The South America facility was built for the 1977 Federal Horticultural Show and expanded in 1991. Residents are maras , alpacas , peccaries , anteaters , vicuñas , rheas and maned wolves . All residents of the facility already had offspring. Former residents were donkeys, capybaras and the last mountain tapir in Europe.

Show farm

Swabian-Hall pigs in the show farm

The show farm was opened for the International Horticultural Exhibition in 1993 and is the latest addition to Wilhelma. Residents of the farm are Swabian-Hall country pig , Limpurger cattle , backwoods cattle , Skudde , Black Forest goats , African pygmy goats , Shetland ponies , Poitou donkey , sign pigeons , Kune Kune-pigs and poultry . When selecting the animal population, the focus was on endangered breeds of domestic animals . There are also Dülmen horses , fallow deer and a bison . The keeping of the last kind is to be phased out, however, since it is not about farm animals. Former residents are Milus (the keeping was terminated for an extension of the fallow deer enclosure), wild boar (replaced by Kune Kune pigs), Bezoar goats , Przewalski horses and mouflons . The latter two had to give way due to preparatory work for the Rosenstein tunnel.

According to the Wilhelma master plan published in April 2017, it is planned that the show farm will have to give way in favor of new facilities for exotic animals. At the place of the show farm, u. a. the new elephant enclosure are built. The start of construction on the new facilities was originally planned for 2018, but will be delayed by a few years.

Asiatic ungulates

In the area that separates the new ape house from the show farm there are facilities for Asian ungulates. Yaks and trample will later live in one together, but are still provisionally separated from each other. In addition to this almost 4000 square meter facility, which separates animals and visitors by a dry ditch, an enclosure for Mesopotamian fallow deer was also built . Since it seemed imprudent to expect tall animals or those in the process of rearing youngsters to move, they are still in their old enclosure and the enclosure is temporarily inhabited by cashmere goats . The facility complex was opened in July 2020. It was the first construction work for the Asian complex described in the master plan. In the course of this, enclosures for Asian farm animals, Siberian tigers and elephants will also be built in the vicinity of the ungulate enclosure.

New ape house

New construction of the ape house with outdoor facilities, December 2012

The old facilities for great apes no longer met international standards and were therefore vehemently criticized. The Great Ape Project rated the housing conditions as inadequate, British zoo expert Anthony Sheridan awarded the enclosures two out of a possible six points and National Geographic magazine addressed the Gorilla Banjo living in Wilhelma in an article on human rights for great apes . In order to meet the increased demands placed on the keeping of great apes by visitors and zoologists and to be able to counter critics who are calling for a ban on keeping great apes with a modern facility, a new great ape house for gorillas and bonobos with a large outdoor enclosure was built from spring 2010 . The opening took place on May 14, 2013. With around 4500 square meters, there is around 13 times as much space for monkeys as before. The construction costs amounted to around 22 million euros and thus 70% more than originally planned. The Wilhelma development association contributed 9.5 million euros to the financing. In the gorilla kindergarten, young animals from other zoos that were not cared for by their mothers were taken in and raised there by animal keepers. When they were three to four years old, they were given back to other zoos. Due to the improved keeping of great apes in the zoos, however, the kindergarten is no longer needed and has therefore been filled with pygmy marmosets , spring tamarins and two-toed sloths . Mainly because of the death of two bonobo young animals, which presumably died from the malfunctioning and draft-causing ventilation system, and other structural defects, the new building was temporarily criticized.

Systems for African ungulates

Meerkat enclosure

The plant complex for African ungulates was opened in 1980. Today zebras , giraffes , saber antelopes , kudus , okapis , the only Dorcas gazelles kept in Germany , bongos , the enclosure of which was redesigned in 2016, marabous and Somali wild asses live there . There were numerous breeding successes in some of the African ungulates. Since 1989, 12 okapis have been born at Wilhelma. The 50th foal of the Grevy's zebras was born in 1993. There were already more than 26 young animals among the giraffes. Stir the filmed from a zookeeper birth of made Dschibuto in February 2015. His mother Kiburi died in May 2019 at the age of 15 years; she came to Wilhelma at the age of two and had four offspring with the bull Hanck . In the giraffe house there are not only the indoor enclosures for giraffes and okapis, there is also the home of Congo peacocks , fenneks , short-eared elephants and tokos from the ceiling . In 1980 a facility for meerkats was built, which was replaced in April 2013 by an area enlarged to 120 square meters. Before 1980 the meerkats lived in the small predator house and in the small mammal house. The complex was reduced in size for the construction of the new ape house. Former residents are a white-throated monitor (kept aborted because the system cannot be air-conditioned enough; drafts), Grantzebras , weaver birds (were given in 2018 due to the small group size / aviary size), shoebills (replaced by Congo peacocks), porcupines , cliff jumpers , waterbucks , warthogs and numerous antelope species .

Elephant and hippopotamus house and the ranch

Elephant house

The elephant house was built in 1968. The facility is currently inhabited by two Asian elephant cows : Pama (* 1966) and Zella (* 1967). Vilja , the oldest elephant cow in Europe, died on July 10, 2010 at the age of 61, presumably of a circulatory collapse. Another elderly cow, Molly , was euthanized in July 2011 at around 45 years of age after years of health problems. The African elephant cow Jumbo , which was euthanized in 1980, and the Asian bull elephant Mysore from 1968 to 1972, who came to Stuttgart on the occasion of the opening of the house as an Indian state gift for the Minister of Economics Hans-Otto Schwarz , also lived there. In the 1990s, rocking ropes were installed that made chaining unnecessary. The outdoor area was redesigned in 2012. In the course of the renovation, the ditch could be omitted. According to reports from visitors, the cow elephant Vilja bent her front legs and fell during the fatal circulatory collapse. As the animal had already fallen into the ditch in January 2008, removal of the ditch was deemed important. The facility is now 830 m² in size. By installing scrubbing trees and sand basins, it was made more animal-friendly . In addition, a clay hollow and two basins with exchangeable substrates (e.g. bark mulch, gravel) were created. A new construction of the facility for a herd of 14 animals on an area of 1.5 hectares is planned. It will not be completed before 2023.

An Indian rhinoceros is housed in the same house : the bull Bruno was bred in Stuttgart and lived for years in the Cologne Zoo . Until their euthanasia in October 2019, he and Sani , who were given as a gift from Nepal in 1993, on the occasion of the visit to the IGA by the Nepalese royal couple, to whom Wilhelma came, formed an extremely successful breeding couple. Before Bruno and Sani, Nanda and Puri were Wilhelma's breeding pair. 16 young animals were born between 1971 and 2014. When the new elephant enclosure is completed, the previous elephant enclosure will house the Indian rhinos Template: future / in 5 years.

Pygmy hippopotamus Hannibal with his "cake" on his 50th birthday.

The saddleback tapir house was opened as a hippopotamus and tapir house as part of the Wilhelma expansion in 1968 . After seven-year break living there since August 2017 again tapirs , currently two bulls. Deer boars are also housed in the facility .

In October 2017, Wilhelma ended the keeping of hippos , the last specimen of Wilhelma Mike was handed over to the zoo in the Czech city of Dvůr Králové nad Labem . Furthermore, also lived dwarf hippos (the last copy Hannibal died in November 2016 at the age of 50 years and was most recently the oldest specimen of its kind in the world), the 2,017 who died at the age of 49 years Flusspferdkuh Rosi (she was in 1968 the first resident of the facility and gave birth 17 juveniles until 2003), black-backed tapirs ( Thai , the last specimen before the resumption of husbandry in 2017, died in November 2010), mountain tapirs (the animals moved to the South American facility in 1977) and warthogs (the animals moved to the 1980s facility for African Ungulates).

Adjacent to the two houses is the enclosure for non-African ungulates, which is usually referred to as a “ranch”. It was built in the 1980s as a provisional in the area of an older provisional. It borders not only on the hippopotamus house, but also on the new ape house and the excavation pit for the Rosenstein tunnel. During the construction work for the new ape house, the facility was reduced in size. The temporary facility is located at the location of the future Asian plant and must give way for its construction. After the bison were given into private hands at the beginning of 2019, only takins are currently held here. For Bobbele , who died in November 2018 and who had set an “age world record” at 21 years and 7 months, the three-year-old bull Roll came in March 2019 . Former residents were u. a. Anoas and Onager .

Predators

The predator house, opened in 1968, is home to the Asiatic lions Kajal and Shapur , the North Persian leopard Aman , a jaguar and the Sumatran tiger Dumai . Two cheetahs live in an enclosure opposite . After the two barber lionesses Schiela and Elektra - the littermates had reached a relatively old age at 23 - were euthanized within four weeks in May and June 2008 , the male tiger temporarily lived in their former enclosure. Until around 2010, the predator house for the remaining cat species was equipped with new tree trunks and fresh biofloor. Enclosure enlargements for all big cats are planned for the long term. Former residents of the building were not only the aforementioned lions, but also Bengal tigers , pumas , servals , clouded leopards , jaguars ( Petra , the last individual before the resumption of keeping in 2019, died in 2013 at the age of 23) and the first Kalahari lions ( Panthera leo vernayi ) of German zoo history. From October 2013 the young snow leopards also lived with their mother in the predator house because they were able to escape from their actual enclosure. The young animals now live in Belgium and California. Because of the construction work on the snow leopards, the male also moved into the predator house in June 2015. Both animals were able to move back to the facility for bears and climbing animals in March 2018 after their enclosure there had been expanded.

Monkey rock structures

In 1975 the two monkey rock complexes were opened. The larger one is home to jeladas (blood breast baboons), rock hyrax and maned jumpers . With over 50 animals, the jeladas are the largest zoo population of this species worldwide. The second facility is inhabited by Japanese macaques .

Lower part of the park

Amazon House

The Albert Schöchle Amazon House was opened in 2000 and is home to numerous primates , bats , birds , reptiles and amphibians . Successes were celebrated, for example, with the endangered species of the golden-headed lion tamarin, which had offspring again in 2017 after more than ten years.

The insectarium , which opened in 2001, consists of two buildings connected by a butterfly hall. Residents are spiders , beetles , cockroaches , scorpions , butterflies , horseshoe crabs , bees and ants . After the night animal house was closed in 2014, kalongs ( flying foxes ) were quartered with the butterflies. There are also elaborate, greatly enlarged insect models and a cinema. The latter shows films about the way ants and ticks live .

Since the bird exhibition in 1950, there have been wading bird meadows to the left and right of the historic Long Lake . These are home to Manchurian , Paradise and White-naped cranes . Former residents were shoebills , other cranes, geese and bush kangaroos . The wading bird meadow was reduced in size for the construction of the no longer existing riding arena, where the playground is today. Great white pelicans and cormorants live in the lake itself . Since the Animal Welfare Act can be interpreted in such a way that the pruning - i.e. making them unable to fly - of zoo animals is prohibited, the future prospects for the wading bird meadow and the current way of keeping flamingos, marabous and others are uncertain. For example, the pelican facility in Munich was retrofitted, which is not possible in Stuttgart due to the monument protection.

There are some aviaries on the back wall of the Damascus Hall. In earlier times, when Wilhelma was a royal pleasure garden, these served as the outdoor area of the pheasantry . During the post-war period as a small predator house, they were outdoor enclosures for dogs , small cats and crawling cats . Native birds have lived there since the restoration of the hall in the 1990s. This group, which is under-represented in most zoos, is present behind the Damascus Hall with partridges , bullfinches , sparrows and various pigeons . In 2015 the aviaries were slightly redesigned. The attitude of was capercaillie finished with the Wilhelma at an in situ - species protection project had been involved in the Black Forest.

Penguin feeding

The bird free flight aviary was built in 1993. The inhabitants of the partly accessible aviaries come from all continents. Are shown u. a. a northern European mudflat landscape , black storks , an ibis colony as well as an African, an Australian and an Asian community aviary. The double horn birds since 2003 succeeded repeatedly rare in zoos breed. In the bird free flight aviary there is also an exhibition on bird and bat protection in its own garden and a feed kitchen that can be viewed. At the aviary which also borders the IGA 1993 opened Brillenpinguin conditioning . Before that, African penguins lived in one of the two small basins in the Moorish Garden for over 40 years. There they were socialized with Humboldt , rock , donkey and king penguins . Public feeding takes place daily for the African penguins. An Australian community facility is also attached to the bird free flight aviary. This is where red kangaroos and chicken geese live . Until shortly after the turn of the millennium, there were also emus and until 2015 wallabies .

Wildlife

In the Wilhelma, numerous wild animals, especially birds, find a habitat with a good supply of food. White storks have been nesting in the Damascus Hall since 1998 . A colony of gray herons breeds in the trees near the flamingo pond. There are also red foxes and hares that have immigrated from Rosenstein Park . Several flamingos have already been killed by a fox . A snowy owl and several wallabies also fell victim to an animal predator . Since then, numerous birds and kangaroos have had electric fences and additional bars; the controls by night watchmen were intensified.

Free-roaming hare in the Wilhelma
White stork
Gray heron colony

Botanical plants

The order of the botanical facilities is based on the botany tour recommended by Wilhelma.

Greenhouse at the main entrance

Glasshouse

The greenhouse, which begins with the succulents and is located at the main entrance, was the first larger building to be rebuilt shortly after the war. The house houses aloes , milkweed plants , agaves , desert roses, living stones, gold ball cacti , the queen of the night and thick-footed plants .

The succulent compartment leads to the tropical aviary and then to the tropical compartment . This area, which has a temperature of 18 to 25 degrees Celsius, is home to pineapples in the front quarter . Orchids are also shown alongside other species . Today Wilhelma is home to 8,000 orchids of 976 species and 205 varieties. The plants that are currently in bloom are always shown. There are two showcases to protect selected species from theft. Stuttgart orchids can be found in almost all botanical gardens in the world.

The winter garden is attached to the tropical house. Kois live in the actually botanical building . The bird and small mammal house once branched off from the winter garden. The botanical population consists of several types of palm trees. Outside the visitor area, the floor of the hall is covered with moss fern . Plants suitable for the season are also on display. A large variety of citrus plants is also regularly shown in the form of an exhibition.

One of the largest German azalea collections is attached to the winter garden. The oldest plants are 160 years old and date from the Wilhelma era as a royal pleasure garden. In summer the azaleas are not shown indoors; During this time there are exhibitions there, z. B. dedicate to the Australian or African flora .

The camellias conclude the row of greenhouses . Some of the specimens shown there are as old as the Wilhelma itself. Flowering reaches its peak in February. When the camellias are not in the house, chrysanthemums grow in autumn , primroses , tulips , daffodils , split flowers and hydrangeas in spring , and 260 cultivated fuchsias and 50 wild species in summer . There are 60 tall, 30 hanging and 170 bushes of the cultivated varieties. During the main flowering period, over 100,000 individual flowers can be seen. To avoid damage from the whitefly , Wilhelma uses the parasitic wasp .

Moorish garden with magnolia grove and lily pond

magnolia

The Moorish Garden, surrounded by the walkway, contains three water basins and the largest magnolia grove north of the Alps. There are 73 magnolias of 18 different species, around a dozen from the times of the kings. A total of 106 magnolias from 30 species and varieties are planted at Wilhelma. It is mainly thanks to the magnolias that the Wilhelma once achieved world fame as the “Alhambra am Neckar”. During excavations in the Wilhelma was found interglacial magnolia Footprints in Sauerwasserkalk .

The largest of the three basins is used to display water lilies . In addition, there are koi and lotus flowers to see.

Moorish country house with ferns, cacti and tropical crops

The world record titan arum

The former royal Moorish country house begins with the cactus dome house. The cacti shown there in a rocky landscape come from all over the world, mostly from Mexico . This is followed by the building section for tropical crops. The main building houses tropical birds and formerly nocturnal animals. Fig trees , breadfruit trees , palms , bananas and screw trees are botanically present there.

Formerly a titan arum could be seen here - popularly known as "La Diva". Its inflorescence on October 20 and 21, 2005 set a "world record" with a height of 2.94 meters, which was surpassed in the USA in 2010.

In addition to the plants that give it its name, the fern house also houses a Wollemia pine.

Water garden

The water garden on the back wall of the Moorish country house was created in order to avoid the creation of a backyard character after the Wilhelma expansion in 1968. The water garden consists of two larger and four smaller pools. In the large u. a. Hardy water lilies shown. Two of the small ones show a Großseggenried and a high moor landscape , while the other two are filled with earth. In these, tropical and subtropical crops can be seen in summer and the work of trainee gardeners in winter. In the water garden there are also flower beds, seating and small basins with fountains.

Mammoth groves

The mammoth grove goes back to the import of sequoia seeds by King Wilhelm I. The trees can now be found throughout the kingdom of that time (from the Odenwald to Lake Constance), most of them in the Wilhelma, at the facility for bears and climbing animals and in the South America facility. The oldest of these trees were planted between 1845 and 1856. In order to preserve the forest, Wilhelma is trying to plant new trees. The largest sequoia trees are 35 meters high, not half the height of their California relatives. As a campaign, there was an opportunity to win sequoia offspring on Wilhelmatag.

Subtropical terraces

The subtropical terraces present numerous palm trees, insectivore and other botanical exhibits. 10,000 plants in 150 species are shown in the beds. 450 potted plants and 50 planted terracotta pots complete the botanical design. The insectivors are in glass boxes donated by the horticultural association in the 1970s. In winter, native plants are exhibited there. Before the aviaries were built, the terraces were used exclusively for the exhibition of botany. During the Wilhelma era as a royal pleasure garden, the orangery was located there in summer .

Amazon House

The Albert Schöchle Amazon House is not only home to numerous animals, it also has many botanical elements. These are much more dominant there than in comparable houses in German-speaking countries. One of the goals in building the house was to live up to the title of the zoological-botanical garden in one building. On display are 2000 plants of 350 species that are native to the mountain forest of the Amazon . The plants not only serve the character of the jungle, they are vital for frogs , spectacle-shaped noses and other species that live freely in the home.

Diamond adder head
Outdoor facilities spring 2009
Sequoias
pineapple
Fuchsias

Nature and species protection

In-situ species protection

Wilhelma supports numerous in-situ species protection projects, i.e. projects in which animals are protected in their habitat.

Abroad

One of the biggest projects is the Congohound project . This has financed rangers and their dog squadron in the Virunga National Park since 2012 . The aim is to protect the gorillas that live there. So far (June 2015) 50,000 euros have been made available. The actors of the Tarzan musical in Stuttgart support the conservation efforts financially. The project is presented in detail in the cinema of the new ape house. The Fallen Rangers Fund is also part of the project . This has been helping the bereaved of murdered rangers since 2011.

Lola ya Bonobo , near Kinshasa, is a sanctuary for confiscated bonobos that poachers wanted to sell as pets. With the income from the poke maze in the ape house, Wilhelma was able to support the station with 8,000 euros (April 2015).

Wilhelma has been supporting the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOS), Orangutans in Not and Art for Species Protection organizations since 2009 . With the help of the 8,600 euros (February 2016), the rainforest on Borneo and Sumatra can be reforested.

As part of the EEP for Okapis, Wilhelma supports the Okapi Wildlife Reserve in the Congo. It provides $ 5,000 annually for the rangers and awareness-raising campaigns.

Through its membership in the Association of Zoological Gardens (VdZ), Wilhelma supports projects for small pandas, snow leopards, bald ibises and bison.

In Wilhelma and its surroundings

Winter aids for bats, nesting boxes for birds and butterfly meadows are offered in cooperation with BUND . In addition, Wilhelma has set up numerous butterfly meadows in Stuttgart, including next to the vulture aviary in Wilhelma. 17 different species have already been observed there.

EAZA campaigns

The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) has been running campaigns since 2000 to draw attention to special species protection projects. Wilhelma supports these campaigns in the form of guided tours, lectures, information boards, etc. There was already the Silent Forest campaign (“Asian songbird crisis”) 2018/2019, the pole-to-pole campaign 2014/2015, the great ape campaign 2010/2011 (Wilhelma: EUR 15,000 help), the rhinoceros campaign (since 2005/2006): Save the Rhinos - Save the Rhinos (Wilhelma: EUR 60,000 help), the tiger campaign (2002-2004; Wilhelma: EUR 40,500 help) and the Bushmeat campaign 2000 (Wilhelma: 56,000 signatures for an EU petition) .

Breeding programs

Wilhelma director Wilbert Neugebauer headed the European Endangered Species Program (EEP) of EAZA in the first few years , of which Wilhelma was one of the founders in 1988. The zoo participates with 51 animal species in the program, which aims to build a self-reproducing population of 300 threatened animal species in mostly European zoos. For this purpose, offspring management is operated, for example to avoid inbreeding. The EEP can also impose breeding stops if offspring cannot be accommodated anywhere, as is currently the case with tigers, hippos and emperor mustache tamarins.

Reintroduction programs

For some species, offspring from Wilhelma can be released back into the wild. The aim is to build a stable wild population. Have already been held by the Wilhelma Onager , Addax antelope , midwife toad , Przewalski's horse , ibex , sea turtle , bison , owl , eagle , white stork , capercaillie and griffon vulture wild. Some of the projects have now ended. Reasons for this are either that the keeping of the respective animal species has been terminated (onager, Addax antelope, sea turtle) or that reintroduction is no longer necessary due to a stabilization of the population (eagle owl).

Cell phone recycling

It is possible to hand in discarded cell phones in both ape houses. This helps the mountain gorillas in two ways: Their area of distribution is in the mining area for metals that are needed to build cell phones. By recycling less metal to be mined here. In addition, all profits from recycling go to the Virunga National Park and a mountain gorilla project. Wilhelma has already transferred more than 53,000 euros (as of December 2019).

Media, offers and events

media

Since 1953 a Wilhelma zoo guide has been published by the director and is usually updated annually. Another publication that has appeared regularly since the 1990s is the free Wilhelmamagazin , which is currently published three times a year . The first book about the zoological Wilhelma was Schlitzohr , in which Albert Schöchle describes his memories. The establishment of the zoological garden in the 1950s and 1960s takes up a very large part of this. In particular, the procurement of animals is discussed. The book also contains many anecdotes from Wilhelma. Wilbert Neugebauer, Schöchle's successor as Wilhelma director, published Die Wilhelma - Ein Paradies in der Stadt in 1993 . It describes the state of Wilhelma at that time and its history. Another publication comes from Dierk Suhr. In Die Wilhelma - 100 Stories and Anecdotes , he addresses the biology and threats to the animal inhabitants of Wilhelma. Markus Heffner and Harald Löffler present in The Wilhelma animal keepers with their respective fosterlings. The last work on the zoological-botanical garden so far is the book Vom Affenwerner zur Wilhelma written by Jörg Kurz , in which he offers an overview of the history of Wilhelma. In 2016 Tina Krehan published Die Wilhelma swimmelt , a so-called Wimmelbuch for children.

Since 2006, Wilhelma has been featured in the first in the animal documentation Eisbär, Affe & Co. , a SWR production . Instead of 39 episodes initially planned, 174 episodes were broadcast in four seasons by January 2011. After a six-year break, another season was broadcast from February 9 to April 19, 2017.

The exterior recordings of the episode Poison Arrow of the crime series SOKO Stuttgart , which was broadcast on ZDF on November 11, 2010, took place at Wilhelma.

From May 14, 2009, the Baden-Württemberg mail service provider BWPost issued a series of stamps with motifs from Wilhelma.

Offers and events

Numerous events are offered at Wilhelma. There are free guided tours in front of and behind the scenes, animal encounters with selected animal species, the opportunity to celebrate children's birthdays with specific topics and to hold your own events in the local gastronomy, the aquarium and the Damascus Hall.

The children's gymnastics world with nine stations has been available for children since April 2011. The project could be realized together with the sponsoring association and the Kinderturnstiftung Baden-Württemberg. The exercise courses are based on the animals that can be seen there. At the stations and with the free booklet, knowledge about the animals at Wilhelma is conveyed in a playful way.

Wilhelma Day always takes place in September. Various activities are offered such as face painting, guided tours, information stands, tree climbing, a look behind the scenes, feedings, pony rides, feed exhibitions, milking on the artificial udder, the “animal keeper aptitude test” and a quiz.

In order to support Wilhelma, companies and private individuals have the opportunity to sponsor plants and animals . The cost of sponsoring an animal is between 50 and 5000 euros. Plant sponsorships cost between 50 and 2500 euros.

The association of friends and sponsors of Wilhelma is a big supporter of the garden . With over 30,000 members, this is the largest of its kind in Europe. Numerous large projects in the past decades have been significantly co-financed by the association.

The Wilhelmaschule offers events for schools and kindergartens as well as further training for teachers. There are themed tours for all ages that last 45 to 90 minutes. Workshops are also held for schools. Working materials are made available for teachers. There is a program for children between the ages of 6 and 14 during the summer holidays.

In the summer months there are free short lectures or days of action on a specific topic every Sunday under the name “Wild Weekends”. For this purpose, speakers are invited who are professionally or voluntarily involved in nature and species protection.

Christmas Garden

Since 2018, the Christmas Garden has been taking place from mid-November to January 6th , during which various light installations are shown in the evening hours on an approximately two-kilometer circular path. Similar events have been held in Germany since 2016 in the Dahlem Botanical Garden in Berlin and also since 2018 in the Pillnitz Palace Park in Dresden .

swell

literature

Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 .
Albert Schöchle: The rascal. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 .
Markus Heffner, Harald Löffler: The Wilhelma. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-8062-2672-0 .
Timo John: The Wilhelma. Once a fairytale garden from 1001 nights. In: The royal gardens of the 19th century in Stuttgart. Werner, Worms 2000, ISBN 3-88462-156-4 , pp. 67-92.
Jörg Kurz: From Affenwerner to Wilhelma - Stuttgart's legendary animal shows. Belser-Verlag , Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-7630-2701-9 .
Christian Schönwetter: Feather-light high-security wing. System for African great apes in the Wilhelma in Stuttgart. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung db. Volume 148, 2014, Issue 5, pp. 54–60.
Dierk Suhr: The Wilhelma - 100 stories and anecdotes. Jan Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2005, ISBN 3-7995-0154-1 .
Ministry of Finance, Economy Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Wilhelma Zoological-Botanical Garden Stuttgart. New construction of the facility for African great apes. Stuttgart 2013, (online) .
Albert Schöchle : Experienced Wilhelma - A companion through the plant and animal kingdom. G. AD. Stehn's book and publishing shop. (Editions 1953–1970)
Wilbert Neugebauer : Guide through the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. G. AD. Stehn's book and publishing shop. (Editions 1970–1989)
Dieter Jauch : Wilhelma - the zoological-botanical garden Stuttgart. G. AD. Stehn's book and publishing shop. (Editions 1989-2014)

Web links

Commons : Wilhelma - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Wilhelma - Stuttgart Zoological and Botanical Garden. Association of Zoological Gardens, July 7, 2016, accessed on November 3, 2016 .

↑ Annual balance sheet and outlook: Almost 1.68 million guests came to the Wilhelma press release from Wilhelma in 2019 , January 10, 2020, accessed on May 20, 2020.

↑ Fourth best Wilhelma year in history Eßlinger Zeitung, January 22, 2016, accessed on April 25, 2016.

↑ Ranking of German zoos and animal parks based on the number of visitors in 2014 (in millions) statista.com, accessed on April 25, 2016.

↑ Annual financial statements 2013 (PDF; 1.1 MB). Retrieved October 21, 2014.

↑ Data and facts. Wilhelma website, accessed on May 20, 2020.

↑ Wilhelma branch office Tennhof - where gigolo can relax. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, September 15, 2014, accessed on May 3, 2016.

^ A monastery for animals ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, June 11, 2008.

↑ ^a ^b History of Wilhelma - 19th century Wilhelma website, accessed on March 5, 2016.

↑ Wilhelma's Gorillakindergarten website, accessed on March 5, 2016.

^ State Palaces and Gardens ( Memento from April 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Ministry of Finance and Economics Baden-Württemberg, accessed on June 17, 2015.

^ Uwe Albrecht: Stuttgarter Zoogeschichte (s). In: Beautiful Swabia. July / August 2006.

↑ Where soldiers were forbidden to stay. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, December 8, 2015, accessed on May 4, 2016.

^ Maximilian Friedrich Grimm: The historical Wilhelma. Fascination with the Orient in the 19th century. ISBN 978-3-89235-125-2 , p. 10.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 29.

↑ Full text / preview in Google Book Search

^ Judith Breuer et al.: Awakening from the magic sleep - on the restoration of the Wilhelmatheater in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. P. 65.

^ Karl Ludwig von Zanth The Wilhelma Moorish Villa of His Majesty the King Wilhelm von Württemberg designed and executed by L. v. Zanth. P. 6.

^ Wilhelmatheater website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Ute Schmidt-Contag: Stuttgart, the palaces and their gardens: the development of palaces and gardens from the count's residence to the international horticultural exhibition. Pp. 93/94.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, especially p. 115.

↑ Entrance and terracotta wall website of Wilhelma, accessed on July 1, 2015.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , p. 33.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, especially pp. 116/117.

^ Karl Ludwig von Zanth: The Wilhelma Moorish Villa of his Majesty the King Wilhelm von Württemberg designed and executed by L. v. Zanth. P. 6/7.

↑ Maurisches Landhaus Wilhelma website, accessed on June 30, 2015.

↑ Maximilian Friedrich Grimm: The historical Wilhelma fascination of the Orient in the 19th century. ISBN 978-3-89235-125-2 , pp. 17/18 and 26/27

^ Oskar Gerhardt: Stuttgart's gem: The history of the castle garden, rose stone and Wilhelma. An entertaining chat based on a wealth of official source material. Pp. 82/83.

^ ^A ^b Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-87779-071-7 , p. 33.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , p. 36.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 40.

↑ The oldest Wilhelma water lily is 168 years old. Article from morgenweb.de of August 17, 2019, last accessed on August 18, 2019

↑ Albert Schöchle: Experienced Wilhelma - A companion through the plant and animal kingdom. 5th, improved edition. Stehn's book and publishing house, p. 40.

^ Oskar Gerhardt: Stuttgart's gem: The history of the castle garden, rose stone and Wilhelma. An entertaining chat based on a wealth of official source material. P. 88.

↑ The discovery: "Whispering galleries" in the walkway Wilhelma website, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Maximilian Friedrich Grimm: The historical Wilhelma fascination of the Orient in the 19th century. ISBN 978-3-89235-125-2 , pp. 69/70.

↑ ^a ^b Historic bird houses renovated: Locations of the very first Wilhelma animals Wilhelma press release, December 20, 2019, accessed on December 24, 2019.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 71.

^ Oskar Gerhardt: Stuttgart's gem: The history of the castle garden, rose stone and Wilhelma. An entertaining chat based on a wealth of official source material. P. 89.

↑ Dagmar Zimdars (arrangement): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ( Dehio-Handbuch ) Baden-Württemberg II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , pp. 24-25.

↑ Julius Bernhard: travel guide through Württemberg and the neighboring states of the neighboring states. P. Gauger, Stuttgart 1863, full text in the Google book search

^ Maurischer Festsaal website of Wilhelma, accessed on June 30, 2015.

↑ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-87779-071-7 , p. 76.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 92.

↑ Belvedere and Subtropenterrassen website of Wilhelma, accessed on May 17, 2016.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 87.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 51.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 93.

↑ Karl Ludwig Wilhelm von Zanth and Wilhelma: a short introduction to the architect's 200th birthday Online publications of the University of Stuttgart, p. 22, accessed on May 18, 2016.

↑ Damaszenerhalle website of Wilhelma, accessed on May 2, 2016.

↑ The Naiad. Organ for German spa and bathing life , No. 3, 1866, full text in the Google book search.

^ Karl Baedeker: Germany and Austria: Handbook for travelers. Coblenz Verlag by Karl Baedeker, 1872, p. 483, full text in the Google book search.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , pp. 32/33.

^ Oskar Gerhardt: Stuttgart's gem: The history of the castle garden, rose stone and Wilhelma. An entertaining chat based on a wealth of official source material. P. 99.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 27.

↑ ^a ^b Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 129.

^ Rainer Herzog: Wilhelma Stuttgart. Documentation of the historical and design development of the Wilhelma gardens. Stuttgart 1990, p. 27.

↑ ^a ^b ^c History of Wilhelma - 20th Century Wilhelma website, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , pp. 130/131.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 140.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , p. 29.

↑ ^a ^b Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 149.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 153.

↑ ^a ^b Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 154.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 159.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 155.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 150.

^ Website of the Friends' Association , accessed on January 30, 2016.

↑ ^a ^b Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , p. 188.

^ History of Wilhelma - 21st century. Wilhelma website, accessed on March 5, 2016.

↑ ^a ^b "Lion attitude will play an important role". StN.de, January 7, 2016, accessed April 25, 2016.

↑ ^a ^b Konstantin Schwarz: Wilhelma receives a bus stop under palm trees. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, July 28, 2016, accessed on July 29, 2016.

↑ Politics discovered her heart for hippos. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, August 1, 2015, accessed on April 27, 2016.

↑ Hippos again at the Neckar knee. swp.de, February 21, 2018.

↑ Pygmy hippos in the shop window on the Neckar. Article from stuttgart-zeitung.de of February 20, 2018, last accessed on February 21, 2018.

↑ Wilhelma is continuing to work on its master plan. Southwest Press. May 9, 2016, accessed June 1, 2016.

↑ Master plan handed over to the ministry. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, July 4, 2015, accessed on July 5, 2015.

↑ Wenke Böhm: Wilhelma wants to breed elephants and tigers. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, April 24, 2017.

↑ Thomas Braun: Domestic animals have to give way to exotic animals . StN.de, April 24, 2017, accessed April 27, 2017.

↑ Construction of the Asia facility will begin in a few weeks. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, January 18, 2019.

↑ Financing and operation of Wilhelma. Website of the Baden-Württemberg Court of Auditors, accessed on May 25, 2016.

↑ State budget for 2015/2016 Ministry of Finance and Economy 0623 Wilhelma in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, p. 1, accessed on May 25, 2016.

^ The Wilhelma company. Wilhelma website, accessed on May 25, 2016.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , p. 13.

↑ Tour without stairs Wilhelma website, accessed on June 18, 2016.

↑ Small mammals and bird houses as well as nocturnal animal departments will soon close Wilhelma press release, October 23, 2014, accessed on February 25, 2015.

↑ Conversation with Thomas Kölpin

↑ Großer Tanrek zootierliste.de, accessed on August 3, 2016.

↑ Small mammals and nocturnal animals website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Doria- Baumkangaroo zootierliste.de, accessed on August 3, 2016.

^ Rolf-Guido Krahe, Maria Krahe: World first breeding of owls in the years 1834 to 2010. In: Gefiederte Welt . Year 135; Issue 6, 2011, pp. 24-27.

↑ Heinz H. Poker: Chronicle of the City of Stuttgart, 1970–1972 . Klett-Cotta, 1991, ISBN 978-3-608-91575-4 , pp. 520 .

^ Elephant seal is called "Isolde". In: Hamburger Abendblatt. July 14, 1965.

^ Theresa Schäfer: Legendary Wilhelma animals. Memories of Vilja, Charly or Buschi. Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, February 11, 2014.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: Guide through the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. 1971, ISBN 3-87779-001-1 , p. 77.

↑ ^a ^b Wilbert Neugebauer: 125 years of Wilhelma. 25 years of the zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. approx. 1978, ISBN 3-87779-005-8 , p. 77.

↑ ^a ^b The aquarium house through the ages . In: Wilhelmamagazin. 1/2017, pp. 8–11, accessed on June 16, 2017. (pdf)

^ Aquarium website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Spotted Pacific Chimera. Zootierliste.de, accessed on June 18, 2016.

↑ Bänderfetzenfisch Zootierliste.de, accessed on June 18, 2016.

↑ Fetzenseenadeln: Master of camouflage unique in Europe Press release from Wilhelma of December 23, 2016, accessed on December 24, 2016.

↑ Japanese pine cone fish. Zootierliste.de, accessed on June 18, 2016.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 230.

^ A new crocodile called Deng ( Memento from April 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Wilhelma press release, July 15, 2009, accessed on April 10, 2016.

^ Estuarine crocodile website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Wilhelma is now showing both crocodile species from Australia's press release Wilhelma, September 18, 2017.

↑ Crocodile Colossus arrived at Wilhelma Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, March 5, 2019, accessed on March 9, 2019.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: Guide through the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. 1971, ISBN 3-87779-001-1 , p. 53.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , pp. 118/119.

↑ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. 2013, ISBN 978-3-87779-071-7 , p. 112.

↑ Warane Zootierliste.de, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Dieter Jauch: Probably a world premiere. The offspring of the spiky-tailed monitor lizard. In: Aquarium magazine. 18 (5), 1984.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , p. 182.

↑ Preserve the old - promote the new! Website of the Association of Friends and Patrons of Wilhelma, accessed on May 16, 2016.

↑ Monkeys and Sea Lions. Wilhelma website, accessed on April 22, 2016.

↑ Friends' Association. Wilhelma website, accessed on April 22, 2016.

↑ Brasilianischer Greifstachler zootierliste.de, accessed on May 16, 2016.

↑ Take a change of trees during drills, howler monkeys, tamarins & Co. Wilhelma press release, August 5, 2015, accessed on August 5, 2015.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , pp. 37/38.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 247.

^ A new home for Susi and Moritz Press release from Wilhelma, March 8, 2010, accessed on March 5, 2016.

↑ Orangutans now in the new ape house - new bonobo moved in. Wilhelma press release, October 4, 2017, accessed on December 2, 2017.

↑ How cute! Wilhelma wants to show Koalas Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, June 11, 2018.

↑ Schwarzer Haubenlangur zootierliste.de, accessed on May 16, 2016.

↑ Wilhelma is happy about Kindersegen StN.de, March 10, 2016, accessed on March 11, 2016.

↑ Nestor and Owl Parrots Zootierliste.de, accessed on April 10, 2016.

^ Lecture by Dieter Jauch

↑ Small mammals and nocturnal animals website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 10, 2016.

^ Bears and climbing animals website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Syrian brown bear "Raschid" died decrepit at the age of 34 Wilhelma press release, June 28, 2019, last accessed on June 30, 2019.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-87779-071-7 , p. 87.

↑ Feeding: Birds of prey turn the heads of Wilhelma visitors Press release from Wilhelma, March 31, 2016, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Release projects website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Thomas Kölpin on a guided tour of the so-called Zoohistorica , accessed on July 6, 2016.

↑ ^a ^b Snow leopards in the Wilhelma. welt.de, March 26, 2018, accessed on March 26, 2018.

^ Hippopotamus is looking for a larger apartment with Bad Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, March 19, 2015, accessed on April 25, 2016.

↑ More space for the snow leopards. StN.de, March 26, 2018, accessed on March 26, 2018.

↑ New additions: Wilhelma is preparing to breed cheetahs for the first time Wilhelma press release of February 18, 2020, last accessed on July 22, 2020

↑ female polar bear Corinna died StN.de, July 23, 2018 accessed on August 23, 2018th

↑ Sea lions move briefly into the unoccupied polar bear enclosure during the renovation . Wilhelma press release, August 24, 2018.

↑ Refurbishment completed: sea lions swim again in the completely renovated pool, press release from Wilhelma, November 13, 2019

↑ ^a ^b Wilbär, the little secret SZ.de, May 17, 2010, accessed on May 16, 2016.

↑ ^a ^b Strong as a bear: First little polar bear in Wilhelma! Wilhelma press release No. 09/08, 2008, accessed on May 16, 2016.

↑ Michael Deufel: Wilbär leaves Stuttgart ( Memento from December 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) StN.de, December 4, 2008.

^ Polar bear boy Wilbär migrates to Sweden from Märkische Oderzeitung, May 5, 2013, accessed on May 20, 2013.

↑ Andrea Eisenmann: Schwede instead of Schwabe Cannstatter Zeitung, May 16, 2009, accessed on May 20, 2013.

^ Wilhelma's South America Plant website, accessed on April 22, 2016.

^ Marianne Holtkötter: "Obituary" for our last mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque). In: Zool. Garden. NF 98, No. 1, 1998, pp. 63-64.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , pp. 59-65.

↑ Wilhelma is now based on Stuttgarter Nachrichten, April 21, 2017.

↑ Hoofed animal facility opened: Rustic yaks moved in - camel ladies will soon receive a gentlemen's visit Press release from Wilhelma dated July 2, 2020, last accessed on July 7, 2020.

↑ Master plan: Preparation for the construction of the first Asian plant starts Wilhelma press release of January 18, 2019, last accessed on July 7, 2020.

^ Great ape map ( Memento from April 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Graphics on nationalgeographic.de, accessed on August 5, 2016.

↑ Tierpark Ranking: Tierhaltung stuttgarter-zeitung.de, accessed on August 5, 2016.

^ Basic rights for great apes nationalgeographic.de, accessed on August 5, 2016.

↑ The new monkey house in Wilhelma has opened Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, May 14, 2013, accessed on May 16, 2013.

↑ ^a ^b After the opening of the monkey house, Wilhelma expects a rush of visitors Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, May 15, 2013, accessed on May 16, 2013.

↑ Erik Raidt: Affe, Panne & Co. Stuttgarter Zeitung, April 12, 2013, accessed on May 16, 2013.

↑ “How many monkeys still have to die?” StN.de, February 3, 2015, accessed on August 18, 2015.

↑ Extinct in nature: Wilhelma starts keeping saber antelopes Wilhelma press release of November 14, 2016, accessed on November 15, 2016.

↑ Nice, rarely - and quickly on the run. Wilhelma press release, 23 May 2013.

↑ Bongos return to a newly designed system with an African flair. Press release from Wilhelma, accessed on September 22, 2016.

↑ New breeding success with the rare okapis Press release from Wilhelma, June 23, 2015, accessed on June 23, 2015.

↑ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart ISBN 978-3-87779-071-7 , p. 71.

↑ Dieter Jauch Wilhelma The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart ISBN 978-3-87779-071-7 , p. 72.

↑ This is how the baby giraffe was born Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, February 15, 2015.

↑ Giraffe Kiburi dies at the age of 15 StN.de, May 9, 2019.

↑ New additions: Fenneks with huge lurkers well equipped for the desert Press release from Wilhelma, March 28, 2019, accessed on April 1, 2019.

↑ Von-der-Ceiling Tokos: Feathered characters with great team spirit Wilhelma press release of April 25, 2018, last accessed on April 26, 2018.

↑ The comeback of the meerkats press release from Wilhelma, April 9, 2013, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ A new addition, the white-throated monitor, is now the largest lizard in the Wilhelma press release from Wilhelma on December 16, 2016, accessed on December 16, 2016.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , pp. 66-75.

↑ Lady elephant Vilja is dead StN.de, July 11, 2010, accessed on May 4, 2016.

↑ Wilhelma mourns the loss of the elephant Molly Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, July 14, 2011, accessed on May 4, 2016.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: Guide through the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8779-030-6 , p. 43.

↑ Asian elephant Zootierliste.de, accessed on June 1, 2016.

↑ Afrikanischer Steppeelefant Zootierliste.de, accessed on June 1, 2016.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 242/243.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: Guide through the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-87779-001-1 , p. 27.

↑ Wilhelma mourns the elephant Vilja Wilhelma press release, July 11, 2010, accessed on June 1, 2016.

↑ New wellness facility in Wilhelma Die Welt online, May 15, 2012, accessed on July 2, 2014.

↑ New Wilhelma elephant facility opens Zoogast.de, May 16, 2012, accessed on May 20, 2013.

^ Rhino Sani is dead - that's why the animal was euthanized Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, October 15, 2019, accessed on October 15, 2019

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: Guide through the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. 1971, ISBN 3-87779-001-1 , p. 29.

↑ Baby rhino born on Monday evening in Wilhelma Press release from Wilhelma, October 28, 2014, accessed on April 1, 2016.

↑ New animal species arrived: Saddleback tapir Ketiga moves into the Hippopotamus House ( Memento from September 6, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Wilhelma press release, August 30, 2017, accessed on September 7, 2017

↑ Saddleback tapir Penang: Second young bull will be doing ketiga society in the future. Press release Wilhelma of January 11, 2018, accessed on June 24, 2018.

↑ Mike is to look after the next generation in the Czech Republic press release from Wilhelma, October 18, 2017, accessed on October 18, 2017.

↑ Happy Birthday, Hannibal! Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, October 19, 2016, accessed on October 28, 2016.

↑ Hannibal the pygmy hippopotamus, peacefully and forever asleep at the age of 50, press release from Wilhelma, December 1, 2016, accessed on December 1, 2016.

↑ Ralf Recklies: The Grande Dame of the Hippos is dead Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, December 20, 2016, accessed on December 21, 2016.

↑ Tapir "Thai" is dead Wilhelma press release, November 8, 2010, accessed on May 24, 2016.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: Guide through the Wilhelma zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. 1971, ISBN 3-87779-001-1 , p. 30 f.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , p. 55.

↑ Takin-Bulle "Roll" arrived at the Waiblingen newspaper, March 15, 2019.

↑ Asiatic lions: The return of the kings to Wilhelma is imminent Press release from Wilhelma, March 9, 2017, accessed on March 10, 2017.

↑ Kajal and Shapur move into their new home Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, March 16, 2017, accessed on March 17, 2017.

↑ Long tradition continued: First Jaguar moved in for six years Press release from Wilhelma of October 2, 2019, last accessed on October 3, 2019

↑ Jaguar Petra died at the old age of 23 Wilhelma press release, November 28, 2013, accessed on May 24, 2016.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 241.

↑ Snow leopard babies on Abwegen StN.de, October 30, 2013, accessed on May 11, 2016.

↑ Much common sense among monkeys, mane jumpers and rock slippers Wilhelma press release, May 12, 2016, accessed on July 6, 2016.

↑ Joy of Gemini, swr

↑ Entries in various forums, for example here , accessed on July 6, 2016.

↑ Damaszenerhalle website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , p. 176.

↑ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , pp. 150/151.

^ Rare offspring from the "washing machine" press release Wilhelma of December 12, 2013.

↑ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , pp. 155-157.

↑ A new colony for King Penguin Arcta Press release from Wilhelma, March 19, 2010, accessed on April 10, 2016.

↑ Dirk Herrmann: Foxes desecrate the grave in Schorndorf. StN.de, July 10, 2013.

↑ Tour for botany fans Wilhelma website, accessed on July 12, 2016.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , pp. 14-18.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , p. 19.

^ Tropical house with orchids Wilhelma website, accessed on April 22, 2016.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , pp. 122/126.

↑ Albert Schöchle: Das Schlitzohr. Confessions of a passionate gardener and animal lover. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-8062-0269-9 , pp. 119/120.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , p. 25.

↑ Mediterranean eye and nose feast Press release from Wilhelma, February 8, 2012, accessed on April 22, 2016.

↑ Magnolia Blossom: A Symphony of Colors in the Moorish Garden Wilhelma press release, March 29, 2017, accessed on April 1, 2017.

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , p. 32.

↑ The titan arum opens its bloom Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, July 7, 2011, accessed on May 14, 2015.

↑ Guinness World Records - Tallest Bloom. Retrieved July 20, 2014 .

^ Wilbert Neugebauer: The Wilhelma - A paradise in the city. ISBN 3-8062-1037-3 , p. 92.

^ The consolation of the woods Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, June 16, 2014, accessed on May 16, 2016.

↑ 150 years of Wilhelma sequoia trees press release from Wilhelma, accessed on May 16, 2016.

^ Tree personalities website of Wilhelma, accessed on June 22, 2015.

↑ Subtropenterrassen website of Wilhelma, accessed on June 22, 2015.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1 , p. 139.

↑ Living biotopes made by human hands . Wilhelmamagazin 2/2015, p. 11, accessed on April 22, 2016. (pdf)

↑ On-site species protection website of Wilhelma, accessed on July 2, 2015.

↑ Disney's musical Tarzan supports Wilhelma in Stuttgart ( Memento from June 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Stage Entertainment, accessed on June 6, 2016.

↑ New Land for Butterflies Wilhelma website, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Wilhelma's EAZA campaign website, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Obituary for Prof. Dr. Wilbert Neugebauer Press release from Wilhelma, May 6, 2015, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ EEPs, ESBs and Int. ZBs in which Wilhelma participates Wilhelma website, accessed on April 3, 2016. (pdf)

↑ Breeding programs website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 3, 2016.

^ Dieter Jauch: Wilhelma - The zoological-botanical garden in Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-87779-071-7 , p. 87.

↑ Where the vultures were thought to be lost StN.de, June 17, 2016, accessed on July 29, 2016.

↑ Release projects website of Wilhelma, accessed on July 2, 2015.

↑ What do cell phones have to do with gorillas? Wilhelma website, accessed on May 19, 2020.

↑ It is teeming with Wilhelma StN.de, March 17, 2016, accessed on April 26, 2016.

↑ Eisbär Affe & Co. In: Das Erste. Retrieved February 22, 2017.

↑ Polar bear, monkey & Co. - episode guide. In: Fernsehserien.de , accessed on February 22, 2017.

↑ Barbara Grüssinger: Murder Between Magnolien Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, April 16, 2010, accessed on July 30, 2016.

↑ BWPOST and Wilhelma Postado, accessed on November 21, 2015.

↑ Offers / events website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ New play stations get children really excited. Wilhelma press release, April 13, 2011, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Wilhelma Day website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Sponsorship information website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 3, 2016 (pdf)

↑ Preserve the old - promote the new! Website friends and sponsors of Wilhelma e. V., accessed on August 7, 2015.

^ Wilhelmaschule website of Wilhelma, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Wilde Wochenenden ( memento of April 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Wilhelma website, accessed on April 3, 2016.

↑ Christmas Garden in the Wilhelma press release Wilhelma, accessed on December 24, 2019.

↑ Nadine Nowara: Amazing facts about the light spectacle in Wilhelma Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, 23 November 2018.

[Zoodirektoren-1] Wilhelma - Stuttgart Zoological and Botanical Garden. Association of Zoological Gardens, July 7, 2016, accessed on November 3, 2016 .