Grabber

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Grabber
Cuandu (Coendou prehensilis)

Cuandu ( Coendou prehensilis )

Systematics
Order : Rodents (Rodentia)
Subordination : Porcupine relatives (Hystricomorpha)
Partial order : Hystricognathi
without rank: Guinea Pig Relatives (Caviomorpha)
Family : Tree prick (Erethizontidae)
Genre : Grabber
Scientific name
Coendou
Lacépède , 1799
Grabber at Wilhelma Stuttgart

The prey spines ( Coendou ) are a tree-dwelling genus of porcupine-related rodents in Latin America .

features

The tail of the grasping prick is designed as a grasping tail . In contrast to other mammals with grasping tails, the grasping spiny curls its tail upwards. The front and rear extremities are transformed into grasping organs, which makes climbing easier. The whole body of adult animals is covered by thorn-like spines, only the prehensile tail does not have any.

distribution

Home are the forests of southern Mexico, Central America and South America .

Way of life

The spikers climb slowly, but thanks to their five fully-fledged grasping organs they are very safe around the trees. Their diet consists of leaves, buds, fruits, bark and roots of trees. They are nocturnal loners. They are quite aggressive towards each other. The females usually give birth to only one young, sometimes twins. The baby is already very big when it is born, the spines are still very soft and pliable. Grasping spines reach a head-trunk length of 30–60 cm and a tail length of 33–45 cm. A grabber can live up to 27 years.

threat

Your warning calls are reminiscent of toddler calls. Due to their spines, adult raptor spines have no specific natural predators, but there are various threats from the raptor harpie ( Harpia harpyja ), jaguar ( panther onca ), puma ( Puma concolor ), ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ), snakes and on the ground e.g. B. by the bumpy crocodile ( Crocodylus moreletii ). The main threat comes from humans.

Contact with people

Spikers can be a serious pest on forest or agricultural plantations. In captivity, prickly spines become very tame towards their keeper. Grasping spines are among the rare foster animals in zoos. In Germany they are only kept in Frankfurt am Main and in Rockenhausen ( Donnersberg Zoo ).

Skeleton of Cuandu ( Coendou prehensilis )
( Christian Heinrich Pander : Die Comparative Osteologie , 1821)

species

At the beginning of 2013 a distinction was made between 13 species of grasping spines:

In May and December 2013 2 more species were described:

  • Coendou baturitensis Feijó & Langguth , 2013 - This species lives in the mountains of Baturité in the Brazilian state of Ceará .
  • Coendou speratus Pontes et al., 2013 - The species is relatively small with a long tail and tri-colored spines and lives in the forests of the Atlantic coast of northeast Brazil.

Many of the animals also assigned to the genus of the prey spines in zoological works were originally included in the genus of the South American tree spines ( Sphiggurus ). Molecular genetic studies showed that the genus Sphiggurus does not form a closed group. It was therefore dissolved and transferred to the Baumstachler. The same applies to the Bergstachler, which in older classifications forms the monotypical genus Echinoprocta . The grasping spines are part of the tree spines family (Erethizontidae).

Web links

Commons : Greifstachler ( Coendou )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Nowak, Ronald M .: Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
  2. ↑ Gorbunova, V., MJ Bozzella, A. Seluanov: Rodents for comparative aging studies: from mice to beavers. Age (Dordr), Vol. 30, No. 2-3, 2008, pp. 111-119. doi: 10.1007 / s11357-008-9053-4
  3. ↑ Shelley, Erin L., Daniel T. Blumstein: The evolution of vocal alarm communication in rodents.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / behecooxfordjournals.ezguitartips.com   Behavioral Ecology, Volume 16, No. 1, 2005, pp. 169-177.
  4. ↑ Touchton, Janeene M., Yu-Cheng Hsu, Alberto Palleroni: Foraging ecology of reintroduced captive-bred subadult harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ib.unam.mx   Ornitologia Neotropical, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2002, pp. 365-379.
  5. ↑ a b c Emmons, Louise H .: Comparative feeding ecology of felids in a neotropical rainforest. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1987, pp. 271-283.
  6. ^ Mooring, Mike et al .: Savegre valley mammal study - progress report 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.9 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / d3iuhvo5s01ozf.cloudfront.net  
  7. ↑ Murphy, Kerry, Toni K. Ruth: Diet and prey selection of a perfect predator. Cougar Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA (2009) pp. 118-137.
  8. ^ Duarte, Marcelo Ribeiro: Prickly food: snakes preying upon porcupines. (PDF; 318 kB) Phyllomedusa, Volume 2, No. 2, 2003, pp. 109–112.
  9. ↑ Platt, Steven G. et al .: Food habits, ontogenetic dietary partitioning and observations of foraging behavior of Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) in northern Belize. The Herpetological Journal, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2006, pp. 281-290.
  10. ^ A b Robert S. Voss, Caldonia Hubbard and Sharon A. Jansa: Phylogenetic Relationships of New World Porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): Implications for Taxonomy, Morphological Evolution, and Biogeography. American Museum Novitates 3769, 2013, pp. 1-36. doi: 10.1206 / 3769.2
  11. ↑ Anderson Feijó and Alfredo Langguth: A new species of porcupine from the Baturité range. Revista Nordestina de Biologia 22 (1/2), 2013, pp. 124-126
  12. ↑ Antonio Rossando Mendes Pontes, José Ramon Gadelha, Éverton RA Melo, Fabrício Bezerra de Sá, Ana Carolina Loss Vilacio Caldara Junior, Leonora Pires Costa and Yuri LR Leite: A new species of porcupine, genus Coendou (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3636 (3), 2013, pp. 421-438 doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3636.3.2
  13. ^ Robert S. Voss: Family Erethizontidae Bonaparte, 1845. In: James L. Patton, Ulyses FJ Pardiñas and Guillermo D'Elía (Eds.): Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2015, pp. 786-805