Olga Nikolajewna Romanowa (1822-1892)

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Olga Nikolaevna (born August 30 . Jul / 11. September  1822 greg. In St. Petersburg , Russia ; †  30th October 1892 in Friedrichshafen , Kingdom of Württemberg ) was the daughter of Tsar Nicholas I , a Russian Grand Duchess. As the wife of the heir to the Württemberg throne and finally King Karl I , she was Crown Princess from 1846 to 1864 and Queen of Württemberg from 1864.

In the public eye, she joined in particular by their social commitment in the form of promotion of facilities for the sick and the disabled out and went as "Olga Queen of Württemberg" in the Württemberg regional history one. Up to the present day social and medical institutions in Stuttgart and the surrounding area bear her name.

Life

Family tree (to expand)
Catherine II
(Empress of Russia)
 
 Peter III
(Emperor of Russia)
 
 Friedrich Eugen
(Duke of Württemberg)
 
 Friederike Dorothea Sophia
(Duchess of Württemberg)
 
 Friedrich Wilhelm II
(King of Prussia)
 
 Friederike Luise
 
 Charles II
(Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz)
 
 Friederike Caroline
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Paul I
(Emperor of Russia)
 
 Sophie Dorothee
(Empress of Russia)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Friedrich Wilhelm III.
(King of Prussia)
 
 Luise
(Queen of Prussia)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alexander I
(Emperor of Russia)
 
 Nicholas I
(Emperor of Russia)
 
 Charlotte of Prussia
(Empress of Russia)
 
 Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
(King of Prussia)
 
 Wilhelm I.
(German Emperor)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alexander II
(Emperor of Russia)
 
 Marija
(Duke of Leuchtenberg)
 
 Olga
(Queen of Württemberg)
 
 Alexandra
(Hereditary Princess of Hessen-Kassel zu Rumpenheim)
 
 Constantine
(Grand Duke of Russia)
 
 Nikolai
(Grand Duke of Russia)
 
 Michael
(Grand Duke of Russia)
 
 
Grand Duchess Olga Nikolajewna Romanowa, later Queen of Württemberg, painting by Franz Xaver Winterhalter , oil on canvas, around 1856
Queen Olga of Württemberg, oil on canvas by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1865
Queen Olga in an armchair with two ladies-in-waiting and a reader, presumably Charles Woodcock

Olga, called "Olly" in the family circle, was born as the third of seven children of Russian Tsar Nicholas I and his wife Charlotte of Prussia , who was called Alexandra Feodorovna as Tsarina, in the Anichkov Palace in Saint Petersburg. She was a great-granddaughter of Catherine the Great . In 1838 his marriage to the Bavarian heir to the throne Maximilian Joseph had failed, which had led to an upset at the court in Saint Petersburg. On July 1st jul. / July 13, 1846 greg. Olga married the heir to the throne and later King Charles I of Württemberg in Saint Petersburg. Their marriage was childless. In 1870 Karl and Olga Vera adopted Konstantinovna , the daughter of their brother Konstantin . She lived in the Villa Berg and Friedrichshafen Castle, among other places .

Olga's father King William I hoped through the marriage of his son Charles with Olga renewal of the dynastic and political connection between Württemberg and Russia, which already by the marriage of his aunt Empress Maria Feodorovna started and by his own marriage to Catherine Pavlovna was continued . The Württemberg-Russian connection, however, had no influence on European politics in the 19th century.

Supported by her cabinet secretary Boris von Wolff-Stomersee , Olga devoted herself above all to social tasks. She confirmed existing and founded new social institutions, looked after the handicapped and war wounded as well as the education and upbringing of girls. In 1847 she took over the patronage of the Stuttgart sanatorium for children, which was named after her Olgahospital ("Olgäle"). Olga was also the patron of the complex facility for the disabled in Württemberg, the Mariaberg Sanatorium and Nursing Institution (now known as Mariaberg eV ), which was founded in the same year in the former Mariaberg Monastery by Urach's chief medical officer Carl Heinrich Rösch .

In 1872, the central management of the charity in Württemberg, together with the Württemberg Medical Association , set up a nursing school at the Heilbronn City Hospital, from which the evangelical Olga Sisterhood named after it emerged. The Olga Sisters , whose patron was Queen Olga, took on care in hospitals and parishes and committed themselves to provide nursing services during the war. Due to her social commitment, Queen Olga became very popular with the population. Numerous facilities in Stuttgart are still named after Queen Olga today (for example the Olgahospital, the Karl-Olga-Hospital and the Queen Olga-Stift high school ); In 1856 she also founded the Nikolaus care for blind children ( Nikolauspflege ), named after her father Tsar Nikolaus I. At Olga’s instigation, the Russian Church was built in the middle of Stuttgart on the Silk Road , which is considered a gem in Stuttgart. It is true that Olga herself did not live to see the completion and consecration of the church. But it owes its existence to their energy and skill. Streets in many Württemberg towns bear her name, including in Bad Wildbad , where the Olgabad and Olgastraße were named after her in 1908.

The explorer Theodor von Heuglin was a strait in the Spitzberg archipelago the name Olgastraße . At the instigation of Ferdinand von Mueller , the explorer Ernest Giles named the Australian mountains Kata Tjuṯa Mounts Olga . They are still called The Olgas by local residents today .

Honors

Works

  • Parade march composed by Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess [!] Olga of Russia. (Royal Prussian Cavalry March No. 48.) Arrangement [for pianoforte] by ED Wagner. Berlin, property of Ad. Mt. Schlesinger. [1846]

literature

  • Antje Windgassen: Queen Olga. The Tsar's daughter on the Württemberg throne. Novel biography. Südverlag GmbH, Konstanz 2021, ISBN 978-3-87800-141-6 .
  • Detlef Jena: Queen Olga of Württemberg. The happiness and sorrow of a Russian Grand Duchess Pustet, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7917-2228-3 .
  • Sophie Dorothea Countess Podewils (ed.): Dream of youth golden star . From the notes of Queen Olga of Württemberg. Neske, Pfullingen 1955.
  • Petra Durst-Benning: The Tsar's Daughter . Historical novel. List, Munich 2009, ISBN 3-471-35027-6 .
  • Petra Durst-Benning: The Russian Duchess . Historical novel. List, Munich 2010, ISBN 3-471-35028-4 .
  • Jetta Sachs-Collignon: Queen Olga of Württemberg . Historical novel, Stieglitz, Mühlacker 1991, ISBN 3-7987-0299-3 .
  • Friedrich Freiherr Hiller von Gärtringen: Olga Nikolajewna . in: Sönke Lorenz , Dieter Mertens, Volker Press (ed.): The House of Württemberg. A biographical lexicon. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-17-013605-4 , pp. 323-325.
  • Sabine Thomsen: The queens of Württemberg. Charlotte Mathilde, Katharina, Pauline, Olga, Charlotte - their life and work . Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 3-87407-714-4 , pp. 176-237.
  • Olga - Russian Grand Duchess and Queen of Württemberg. A life between courtly representation, politics and charity. Published by the Haus der Heimat Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024576-3 .

Web links

Commons : Queen Olga of Württemberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Welcome to the newly wed Crown Princess of Württemberg Grand Duchess Olga  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Duchess Olga apple - summer / autumn apple. (PDF) Noah's Ark , accessed December 6, 2020 . Available under variety descriptions. Noah's Ark (see “Duchess Olga Apple”).;
  2. ↑ Queen Olga apple - spring apple. (PDF) Noah's Ark , accessed December 6, 2020 . Available under variety descriptions. Noah's Ark (see “Queen Olga Apple”).;
  3. ↑ http://datenbank.noemuseen.at/magazin/00/artikel/89198/doc/d/SF_08-2013_FINAL.pdf
  4. ↑ https://www.bund-lemgo.de/download/oekoland-obstbau/Obstsortenliste-Lauches-erster-Ergaengungsband-IH-1883.pdf
personal data
SURNAME Romanowa, Olga Nikolaevna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Queen Olga of Württemberg
SHORT DESCRIPTION Queen of Württemberg
DATE OF BIRTH September 11, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH October 30, 1892
PLACE OF DEATH Friedrichshafen