Mariaberg (Gammertingen)

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Mariaberg
City of Gammertingen
Coordinates: 48 ° 16 '36 "  N , 9 ° 12' 48"  E
Height : 716  (680-780)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 500
Postal code : 72501
Area code : 07124
Northeast view of Mariaberg (area of ​​the former monastery and residential group building, May 2013)
Northeast view of Mariaberg (area of ​​the former monastery and residential group building, May 2013)

Mariaberg is a district of the small town of Gammertingen in southwest Germany and, together with the other district of Bronnen (about one kilometer south of Mariaberg), forms a Gammertingen administrative unit with a joint local council. The district of Mariaberg is located just under four kilometers north of the Gammertinger core town in the Sigmaringen district in Baden-Württemberg . The village has around 500 inhabitants. It is the headquarters of an institution for youth and handicapped aid in the Diakonisches Werk , formerly known as Mariaberger Heime , since mid-2008 renamed Mariaberg e. V. Its head office is housed in the former Benedictine convent Mariaberg, from which the name of the district goes back, in an exposed location in the village .

geography

Mariaberg is the northernmost town in the Sigmaringen district and borders directly on the Reutlingen district in the north and the Zollernalb district in the west . It is located on the Swabian Alb in the Bodensee-Oberschwaben region . The place is with its main building development on a hill (up to approx. 780 m above sea level rising) above the approximately 680 m above sea level. NN lying valley of the Lauchert on the federal road 313 halfway between the district towns of Sigmaringen (in the south) and Reutlingen (in the north), each about 30 kilometers away .

history

Mariaberg Monastery, seen from the northeast; Lithograph from 1823

Namesake of this district, the 19th century between the 13th and the beginning is about 600 years nuns managed monastery . It was probably by the Earl of Gammertingen founded and was later owned by him, together with the rule Bronnen under the bailiwick of the rule Gammertingen . First it was Dominican women , then - probably from the end of the 13th century - Benedictine women who lived there. In the course of the secularization that took place under Napoléon Bonaparte's French hegemonic policy , the Mariaberg monastery was expropriated in 1802 and added to the Duchy of Württemberg (from 1806 Kingdom of Württemberg , with Bronnen as part of an exclave at the Reutlingen Oberamt ). After the death of the last abbess , the remaining nun to look after her left the monastery in 1837, which then stood empty for ten years.

Mariaberg as a sanatorium, the former monastery at the top left in the picture, southeast view, picture postcard from 1919

On May 1, 1847, the Urach senior medical officer Carl Heinrich Rösch moved into the former monastery with a group of young people and support staff who were considered mentally handicapped and founded the Mariaberg sanatorium. As a supporter of the democratic movement , after the suppression of the bourgeois revolution of 1848/1849 , Rösch lost his reputation with his formal client, the Württemberg royal family , and emigrated to the United States in 1853 . The facility for the handicapped in Mariaberg, which he set up, remained in place and was further developed and expanded by his successors.

The central former monastery building is now the administrative headquarters of the facility originally founded by Rösch and renamed in 1966 as "Mariaberger Heime" for outpatient and inpatient assistance for people with different mental, physical or psychological disabilities of all age groups. After 1945, the institution became a member of the Wuerttemberg social welfare organization .

Mariaberg is the oldest complex facility for disabled people in Germany, which from the beginning had an approach that went beyond a mere custody facility. Even when it was founded in the 19th century, this approach included what was then a revolutionary claim to care and support for the disabled on a medical-scientific basis - with offers for schooling, employment and housing.

Memorial for the Mariaberg victims of the T4 campaign

In the course of history, Mariaberg has not been spared from historically fatal developments. Particularly serious was the deportation of 61 disabled and chronically ill men and women to the Grafeneck killing center about 25 kilometers to the north-east , where they, together with a total of around 10,000, were carried out as part of the so-called "euthanasia" program Aktion T4 of the Nazi regime in 1940 other disabled people were murdered. The Mariabergians were picked up in two transports on October 1st and again on December 3rd, 1940 with the so-called gray buses . To commemorate these victims of National Socialism , a memorial erected by the Ulm sculptor Harald Walter was inaugurated on September 27, 1990 as a memorial with five tiered stone pillars that became smaller in the direction of Grafeneck next to the Mariaberg monastery church. The three memorial plaques in front of the rising wall of lava gravel (symbolizing fire and ashes) count under the heading "When people are silent, the stones will scream ( Lk 19.40  EU )" the names and the respective years of birth of the murdered Mariaberg victims before the text ends with the words: “Your death obliges us to resist all thoughts and actions that want to divide human life into worth living and unworthy of living. - “And forgive us our trespasses” ( Mt 6,12  EU ) ”. Since 1991, in connection with the nationwide Ecumenical Peace Decade , Mariaberg and the Lebenshaus Schwäbische Alb have organized a vigil at the memorial. In the former convent building, the permanent exhibition "The murder of people with intellectual disabilities from Mariaberg in 1940" has been located since autumn 1990.

Monastery church

Exterior view of the portal area of ​​the Mariaberg monastery church as an extension on the north wing of the former monastery (2015)

The Mariaberg monastery church is considered a " gem " of the baroque sacred building in southern Württemberg. Like the monastery buildings, it is a listed building . In addition to baroque altars, frescoes and sculptures can be seen in the monastery church , including a Pietà from the 14th century. The authentic character of the interior was preserved through a sensitive renovation. With its lofty arches and clear acoustics, the Mariaberger Klosterkirche forms the perfect setting for concerts that are held in collaboration with the Gammertinger Schlosskonzert e. V. are offered several times a year.

Present: Mariaberg e. V.

Mariaberg is the headquarters of the diaconal organization for youth and handicapped aid Mariaberg e. V. (until 2008 Mariaberger Heime e.V.).

There is an almost independent local infrastructure with various craft and housekeeping businesses belonging to the facility , in which several specialist practical training courses and vocational preparation measures for people with learning disabilities or otherwise socially disadvantaged and behavioral youths are carried out.

Furthermore, there is a workshop for disabled people in Mariaberg , in which mainly cable drums are produced, three special schools for different clients (Rall school, Wittmann school and Karl-Georg-Haldenwang special vocational school), the diaconal institute for Social professions Curative education care, curative education, youth and home education (see Gotthilf-Vöhringer-Schule ), various supervised residential groups, a specialist hospital for child and youth psychiatry and other medical, diagnostic and therapeutic practices (physiotherapy and occupational therapy, speech therapy, general medicine, gynecology ). In Stuttgart (cooperation with the Liebenau Foundation) and Albstadt-Ebingen, Mariaberg operates day clinics with semi-inpatient and outpatient offers for mentally ill children and adolescents.

For children with disabilities and children with developmental delays or disorders, there are early intervention programs in Mariaberg and Sigmaringen . The Mariaberg subsidiary Bildung & Service gGmbH (A&S) operates several kindergartens (integrative all-day facilities) in Mariaberg and the region ( Bad Saulgau , Trochtelfingen and its district of Hausen an der Lauchert, Meßkirch , Stetten a. K. M. ). On behalf of several municipalities, A&S also operates youth offices, offers mobile youth work and has taken on school social work at several schools. In the Mariaberg health and family center there is also a day nursery and a family forum with advice and courses for parents.

In the course of the implementation of the UN convention for the inclusion of people with disabilities , outpatient and community-integrated offers are required by law from the facilities for disabled people. Mariaberg offers such forms of housing in the disabled and youth welfare in the districts of Sigmaringen, Zollernalb, Alb-Donau, Biberach and Reutlingen (as of October 2016) and plans to develop further housing options to enable people with disabilities to participate in society.

The Mariaberg e. V. is one of the largest employers in the nearby region (around 1,600 employees) and an important social and socio-psychiatric facility in the Sigmaringen district , whose activities extend to the wider district area and in some cases also to the neighboring districts with various offers.

The number of self-employed or in-patient care in Mariaberg goes well beyond the registered residents living there. According to the company's own information, the clientele that Mariaberg takes care of as inpatients, semi-inpatients or outpatients includes around 3000 people. The various advisory and other services are indirectly perceived by a further, indeterminate number of people, institutions and groups.

Evidence, notes

  1. ^ Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg: official description by districts and communities, Volume 7: Administrative region of Tübingen . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1978. p. 797. ISBN 3-17-004807-4
  2. ↑ Mariaberg Benedictine Convent in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
  3. ^ Commemoration of euthanasia victims . In: Südkurier from September 25, 2010.
  4. ↑ Vigil. Against violence and euthanasia . In: Südkurier of November 8, 2008
  5. ↑ See Gammertingen . In: Ulrike Puvogel / Martin Stankowski with the assistance of Ursula Graf: Memorials for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation . ed. from the Federal Agency for Civic Education. 2nd, revised and expanded edition, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 38.
  6. ↑ History to touch. September 11th is Monument Day . In: INFO Der Südfinder, Sigmaringen-Bad Saulgau edition of September 7, 2011
  7. ↑ History of Art. Böhm leads through the baroque church . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from June 13, 2009
  8. ↑ Baroque art. Mariaberg offers church tours . In: Schwäbische Zeitung of May 27, 2010.

literature

  • Diego Häussel, Erwin Hirschle: Gammertingen today: With the districts of Bronnen, Feldhausen, Harthausen, Kettenacker and Mariaberg . ed. from the city of Gammertingen. Geiger-Verlag, 1994. ISBN 3-89264-974-X
  • Karl Rudolf Eder (editor): “ 150 Years of Mariaberger Homes - Contributions to the History of Mentally Handicapped People ”. Gammertingen: Mariaberger Heime 1997. 120 pp.
  • Gottfried Klemm: " Dr. Karl Heinrich Rösch (1807–1866). Doctor - Democrat - Emigrant ”(article about the founder of the Mariaberger Heime); In: Suevica 8 (1999/2000). Stuttgart 2000 [2001], pp. 217-224 ISBN 3-88099-395-5
  • Wilhelm Wittmann, Karl Wacker: " Mariaberg as a monastery and institution - memorial for the 90th anniversary of the Mariaberg sanatorium ". Self-published, 1937.
  • Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger (Hrsg.): Description of the Oberamt Reutlingen . Cotta, Stuttgart and Tübingen 1824. Reprint Bissinger, Magstadt, ISBN 3-7644-0001-3 . Full text in Wikisource
  • Rüdiger Böhm: Mariaberg Monastery Church (an illustrated book by Rüdiger Böhm with photos by Reiner Löbe). Self-published. Publisher: Mariaberg e. V. ISBN 978-3-00-028147-1 . Print: Acker GmbH Gammertingen 2009
  • Karl Rudolf Eder (Ed.): Mariaberg. Contributions to the history of a former women's monastery. Regio-Verlag Glock and Lutz, Sigmaringendorf 1991, ISBN 3-8235-6235-5
  • Eberhard Fritz: Sources for the introduction of the Reformation in the Benedictine convent zum Berg (Mariaberg) on ​​the Lauchert. In: Journal for Hohenzollern History 29/1993. Pp. 31-46.

Web links

Commons : Mariaberg (Gammertingen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files