Imperial mustache tamarin
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Emperor Mustache Tamarin ( Saguinus imperator ) |
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| ( Goeldi , 1907) |
The imperial mustache tamarin ( Saguinus imperator ) is a species of primate from the marmoset family . It owes its name to the (alleged) resemblance of its "mustache" to that of the German Emperor Wilhelm II. The epithet imperator was initially intended as a joke, but has become a scientifically recognized name.
features
The fur of the mustache tamarins is predominantly gray in color, with yellow-brown speckles on the back. The hands and feet are black, the tail is reddish-brown in color. The head is black, the outstanding feature is the long, white mustache that extends over the shoulders on both sides. As with all marmosets, the fingers and toes (with the exception of the big toe) have claws instead of nails. The animals reach a head body length of 23 to 26 centimeters, in addition there is a 35 to 41 centimeter long tail. Their weight is around 450 to 500 grams.
distribution and habitat
Mustache tamarins live in the southwest Amazon basin in South America . Their distribution area includes southwestern Brazil (states Acre and Amazonas ), southeastern Peru and the extreme northwest of Bolivia . Their habitat are tropical rainforests , they often stay in areas that are dense undergrowth.
Way of life
These primates are diurnal animals that spend most of their lives in trees. They move quickly on all fours and can jump well. They tend to be in the higher tree layers, 10 meters and beyond.
Imperial mustache tamarins live together in groups of two to eight animals. Groups consist of one or more females, one or more males and their pups. Groups inhabit fixed territories of around 30 hectares. The social behavior is pronounced, the mutual grooming plays an important role for the contacts within the group. The animals often socialize with other marmoset species such as the black- mantled tamarin ( Leontocebus weddelli ) or the jumping tamarin ( Callimico goeldii ). They communicate with each other through screams and thus help each other to identify predators at an early stage.
food
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Mustache tamarins, like all tamarins, are omnivores that feed on fruits, insects, nectar and tree sap. In addition, they also eat bird eggs and small vertebrates. Due to their light weight, they can reach prey at the far end of branches that are inaccessible to the heavier primates. In the Peruvian Manú National Park , fruits make up 97% of their vegetable diet during the rainy season. In the dry season this percentage drops to around 40% and nectar, e.g. B. Quararibea cordata , then provides about half of their vegetable diet. Over 80% of the fruits consumed by the mustache tamarins are small with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 cm. The larger fruits that are regularly eaten include the hard berries of Leonia glycycarpa and Duguetia quitarensis . The animal food of the mustache tamarins consists mainly of grasshoppers, caterpillars, ants, beetles and their larvae, snails and small tree frogs.
Reproduction
Only the dominant female reproduces within the group. Emperor mustache tamarins live polyandrically , that is, the female mates with all males of the group. After a gestation period of 140 to 145 days, it gives birth to two - rarely one or three - young. All male animals, the father is not certain, help with the birth and, supported by the younger group members, take care of the young animals. They carry them and only make them suckle for the mother. They are weaned at around three months and sexually mature by the end of their second year of life. Their life expectancy is over 15 years.
S. imperator imperator
S. imperator subgrisescens
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Subspecies
The imperial mustache tamarin is divided into two subspecies. The nominate form ( S. imperator imperator ) has short white hair on the chin that does not cover the black throat spot. The back is dark gray aguti in color (i.e. the hair is banded), the stomach side and the insides of the arms and legs are rust brown to orange. In S. imperator subgrisescens , on the other hand, the hair on the chin is pulled out into a long beard that partially covers the black throat spot. The back is brownish aguti, the belly and the insides of the arms and legs are gray-brown.
Danger
The natural enemies of the mustache tamarins include leopards , birds of prey and snakes . The main threat, however, is the destruction of their habitat, the rainforests. Several zoos participate in breeding programs to protect these animals, although in Europe only animals of the subspecies S. imperator subgrisescens are kept.
The stocks are declining, but the IUCN currently regards the mustache tamarin as "not endangered" ( least concern ).
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c A. B. Rylands & RA Mittermeier: Family Callitrichidae (Marmosets and Tamarins). Pages 335–336 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3rd (2013) ISBN 978-84-96553-89-7
- ↑ www.Zootierliste.de. Retrieved June 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Saguinus imperator in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2008. Posted by: Rylands, AB & Mitter Meier, RA, 2008. Accessed on 24 February, 2009.
