Vitus Scheffer

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Vitus Scheffer SJ (also: Veit Scheffer ; Czech Vít Scheffer ; * 1648 in Wolkersdorf , Austria; † June 13, 1717 in Glatz , County Glatz ) was a Catholic theologian , mathematician and philosopher . He was a member of the Jesuit order and is considered one of the most prolific writers in the Bohemian Order Province . His writings include numerous philosophical and theological works and some from the field of mathematics and astronomy . He spoke several languages ​​and was a well-known preacher .

Life

Vitus Scheffer was born in Wolkersdorf, Austria. His parents probably emigrated to Moravia in the years following his birth . In any case, he attended the elementary school in Brno and from 1661 to 1667 the Jesuit grammar school there. He then entered the Jesuit order and also spent his novitiate in Brno. Then he repeated the Humaniora in Březnice . From autumn 1670 he studied philosophy with Georg Firmius and mathematics with the Jesuit Johannes Hancke at the Prague Clementinum . From 1673 to 1675 he taught at the Jesuit grammar school in Glogau , Silesia , where he was also prefect ( praefectus chori ).

On the recommendation of his teacher Johannes Hancke, who had recognized his mathematical talent, Scheffer studied again in Prague in 1675/76, where he could devote himself exclusively to mathematical studies. He concluded this in 1676 with the defense of the Theses Mathematicae which he had presented and which were printed in the Jesuit College Clementinum . From autumn 1676 to 1680 he studied theology in Prague and then spent the tertiary with the Jesuits in Telč . The work he presented Assertiones ex universa Aristotelis philosophia contains a philosophical text.

From 1681 to 1682 he taught at the Jesuit grammar school in Olomouc , where he also led the congregation of the Sacrifice of Mary . For the next two years he worked in the professorship of St. Nicholas on the Lesser Town in Prague as a spiritual ( conversator ), preacher and confessor . On the feast of Mary Candlemas in 1685, he made the fourth Jesuit vow ( professus quatuor votorum ). From 1684 to 1687 he held a philosophy course at the University of Prague, then he headed the Jesuit College in Breslau for twelve years , where he also worked as a preacher.

Around 1690 Scheffer founded the "Academia Amoris" ( Academy of Love ) in Breslau , which was founded in 1697 by Bishop Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg and in 1699 by Pope Innocent XII. has been confirmed. Their work fell into the time of the Catholic Counter-Reformation . The academy, which existed until 1708, was literary. The scriptures she edited were intended to provide priests with guidelines for preaching and instructions for religious instruction.

After three years as a preacher in Brno, he worked at the Glatzer Jesuit College from 1702 until his death in 1717 . In addition to his writing activities, for which he was given the necessary time there, he was initially head of the Citizens Congregation, then for three years Sunday and Lent Preacher and from 1709 to 1715 spiritual advisor ( Exhortator domesticus ) and confessor, then only confessor.

Vitus Scheffer was extensively literary. He wrote numerous theological, philosophical and individual mathematical and astronomical works. Many of them were printed by the publishing house of Andreas Frantz Pega and his successor Caspar Rudolph Mueller in Glatz .

Works

Printed in Glatz by Andreas Frantz Pega (selection)

  • Women ornament, or four eulogies, which four years after the other, as from 1687 to 1690 on the feast day of the holy. Wittib Elisabeth ... has been held. 1691
  • Women's picture, or four eulogies, which again four years in a row, as from 1691 to 1694 on the feast of salvation. Wittib Elisabeth ... at Bresslau ... was held. 1698
  • Trade and wealth are created in good health. Hedwigi's women in four sermons, as they were on their holy feast day in Liegnitz ... from 1696. to 1699. 1699
  • Waitzen-Korn that died in the earth and then rose; or, The Leyden and Urstands Christi ... 1699
  • The redeemed human soul through JESUM CHRIST, The Heylland of the world / With redeemed Haubt = and Kayserligen Residentz- Instead of Vienna in ordinary Sunday = sermons From the first Sunday in Advent 1702 to the Most Holy Name = day of JESUS ​​To owed honor and thanks to the Redeemer as well as but comfort and benefit / of redeemed Christianity. 1702 Bey Pegen [Pega] by Müller Factor
  • Speech of praise ... Caroli V. ... Hertzogens zu Lothringen ... When his body was raised from Tyrol during the Easter period and brought to Lorraine. Held on the Vestung Spiel-Berg, Anno 1700… 1700
  • Sermon of praise from St. Xaverius. 1703 ( held in 1702 in the Grafenort chapel )
  • The newly-bored King of the Jews in Bethlehem laid down by those wise men ... 1704
  • Ultima Coena The Last Supper, or Heyllsambe sermons through the eight days of the Most Holy Corpus Christi festival. 1704
  • The world of Heyland Jesus Christ ... 1705
  • The inhuman betrayal of people through which ... Christ Jesus has been handed over to ley and death. 1705
  • Holy drama / On the life and death of God's dear saints . 1706
  • Deus qui es sola quies. 1711
  • Biblia immaculata. 1711–1722 (12 volumes) Typis Universitatis Carolo-Ferdinaneae ( from volume 7, the manuscripts completed by Scheffler appeared only after his death .)
  • Verbum in pulvere - the word in the dust by which the accused sinner was redeemed; erklähret ... in gewöhnligen Corpus Christi sermons .

Printed by other publishers (selection)

  • Coelum poeticum, seu sphaera astronomica. Czernoch, Prague 1686
  • Microcosmus academicus, seu, Homo mundanus: dictionibus academicis toto anni scholastici decursu ab inani mundanae gloriolae ambitu ad aeternam verae gloriae lauream deductus in celeberrima Universitate Pragensi. Sumptibus Balthasaris Joachimi Endteri, 1692
  • Feyertag of H. Floriani, that is, two praise sermons held in honor of this H. Martyr and Vorbitter in Feuer-Nöthen. Franz Ignati Synapi, Brno 1701
  • Holy Christian night: that is: twelve encouragements through twelve hours of this holy night; Held at Breßlau in the Imperial Castle for twelve consecutive years. Synapi, Brno 1701
  • The raised snake in the desert as a clear example of our crucified heyland of Jesus Christ. Joseph Schloegel, Neisse 1703
  • A whole year on Sunday, Or: Sermons full of meaning and spirit through all Sundays of the whole year ... Lochner, Nuremberg 1708
  • Hecatombe, see Decem Decades Gnomarum Evangelicarum… Prague 1710

literature

  • Hermann Hoffmann: Vitus Scheffer and his Academia Amoris . In: Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu. Volume V, 1936, pp. 177–202 ( with a list of the 44 writings known up to that time ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theses Mathematicae
  2. ↑ http://aleph.vkol.cz/pub/svk01/00049/31/000493137.htm
  3. ↑ Praise speech on Vufind.mzk.cz
  4. ↑ [1]
  5. ^ Anton von Bucher: The Jesuits in Bavaria before and after their abolition . Ernst August Fleischmann, Munich 1819 digitized
  6. ↑ digitized version
personal data
SURNAME Scheffer, Vitus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheffer, Veit; Scheffer, Vít (Czech)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian Catholic theologian, philosopher and mathematician; Author; Member of the Jesuit order
DATE OF BIRTH 1648
PLACE OF BIRTH Wolkersdorf , Austria
DATE OF DEATH June 13, 1717
Place of death Glatz , County Glatz