Neurode district

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The Neurode district was a Prussian district in the administrative district of Breslau in the province of Silesia on the border with Bohemia and, from 1918, with Czechoslovakia . It existed from 1855 to 1932. The seat of the district was the city of Neurode .

geography

The Neurode district was located in the low mountain range of the Sudetes . In the north the Owl Mountains ( Góry Sowie ) dominate, which in the High Owl ( Wielka Sowa ) reach a height of 1015 m. The Bismarck Tower ( Orlowicz Tower ) was built on it in 1906 . In the southwest of the district lies the Heuscheuergebirge ( Góry Stołowe ), whose most important mountains are the Great Heuscheuer ( Szczeliniec Wielki ) with 919 m and the Small Heuscheuer ( Szczeliniec Mały ), and whose table mountain shape apparently reminded the namesake of huge Heuscheuer. Geologically, it is sandstone formations with the characteristic fissures, towers and gorges that have been popular as excursion destinations since the 18th century. The Heuscheuergebirge is now a national park. Other mountains are the Annaberg (647 m). the Allerheiligen Berg (648 m), the Hupprich (556 m) and the Hopfenberg (435 m).

The most important river in the district is the Steine ( Ścinawka ), which separates the Heuscheuer and the Owl Mountains and flows into the Glatzer Neisse near Glatz . In addition, the Weistritz ( Bystrzyca ) and the Walditz are to be mentioned.

Administrative history

The area belonging to the Kingdom of Bohemia was colonized by German settlers from the 13th century . The settlers were brought into the country by King Ottokar II . The Kłodzko area, which was always under canonical law under the Archdiocese of Prague , was elevated to a county in 1459 by the Bohemian King George of Podebrady . The survey was in 1459 and 1462 by Emperor Heinrich III. approved. Since the residents initially supported the Protestant Bohemian estates during the Thirty Years' War , Emperor Ferdinand II withdrew their privileges from the citizens and nobles after the Battle of the White Mountains and re-Catholicized the country. After the Silesian Wars , the County of Glatz, along with Silesia, fell to Prussia .

By a cabinet order of August 26, 1854, approval was given to form a district of Neurode from the districts of Neurode and Wünschelburg of the Glatz district . On August 2, 1855, the new district office was opened in Neurode. The first district administrator of the new district was Valerian von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth .

The area of ​​the district was 317 km². Of the 48,952 inhabitants counted in 1895, 96% were Catholic. In 1910 the district had 52,872 and in 1925 already 54,967 inhabitants. The population growth was accordingly around 0.4% annually and the population density was 175 inhabitants / km². The district was thus one of the more densely populated areas of Silesia. In Neurode and Wünschelburg there were local courts that were subordinate to the Glatz regional court .

On October 1, 1932, the Neurode district was dissolved and reunited with the Glatz district.

Until the end of the Second World War , almost exclusively German-speaking residents lived in this area. Since 1945, the former district has belonged to the Polish powiat Kłodzki .

Population development

year Residents source
1871 48,530
1885 51,062
1890 49,729
1895 48,952
1900 49,405
1910 52,872
1925 54,967

District administrators

1855–1868 Valerian von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1809–1892)00
1868–1890 00Eberhard von Pfeil
1890–1899 00Richard von Rechenberg
1899–1914 00Siegfried zu Dohna-Schlobitten
1914–1920 00Carl Albrecht Leopold von Hoffmann
1920–1923 00Leopold Nagel
1923–1925 Karl Franz (1881–1967)00
1925–1931 00Emil Schubert
1931–1932 00Alfred Poppe

economy

In the pre- and early industrial times, agriculture and forestry dominated the district. Other businesses soon settled here, which contributed to the high population density. In 1849 there were 4,140 weavers whose economic hardship did not differ significantly from that of the workers involved in the Silesian weavers' revolt. Another important industry was mining; hard coal, iron, copper, slate and gold have been mined since the late Middle Ages. In 1849 560 workers were employed in this branch; it overtook the textile industry at the beginning of the 20th century.

Communities

Municipalities belonging to the district with the population of 1901:

Pilgrimage Church Albendorf
Via Bargla to Kreinsdruff

Personalities

literature

  • Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 208-209, item 22.
  • Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 152–157 ( facsimile in the Google book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Hübner: The county of Glatzer circles - On the administrative history of the Glatzer country . In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Grafschaft Glatz (Ed.): AGG-MITTEILUNGEN . No. October 15 , 2016, ISSN  1610-1308 ( digital copy [PDF]).
  2. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1855, No. 33 . Establishment of the Neurode district. Breslau, S. 237 f . ( Digitized version ).
  3. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  4. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  5. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. glatz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ a b c www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  7. ↑ Buchau
  8. ↑ Königswalde