Pietrowice Wielkie

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Pietrowice Wielkie
Groß Peterwitz
Pietrowice Wielkie coat of arms
Pietrowice Wielkie Groß Peterwitz (Poland)
Pietrowice Wielkie Groß Peterwitz
Pietrowice Wielkie
Groß Peterwitz
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : Raciborski (Ratibor)
Gmina : Pietrowice Wielkie (Groß Peterwitz)
Geographic location : 50 ° 5 '  N , 18 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 5 '0 "  N , 18 ° 5' 0"  E
Residents : 2400
Postal code : 47-480
Telephone code : (+48) 32
License plate : SRC
Economy and Transport
Street : Głubczyce - Racibórz
Next international airport : Katowice-Pyrzowice



Pietrowice Wielkie ( German Groß Peterwitz ) is a village in Upper Silesia . Administratively it lies in the municipality of Pietrowice Wielkie (Groß Peterwitz) in the powiat Raciborski (district of Ratibor) in the Silesian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the municipality and has around 2,400 inhabitants.

geography

Townscape with church
Nepomuk sculpture
Well in the center of the village
Townscape

Pietrowice Wielkie is located about nine kilometers west of the district town Racibórz (Ratibor) , 68 kilometers west of the voivodeship capital Katowice and about 65 km southeast of Opole an der Zinna in historic Upper Silesia . The south-western municipal boundary also represents the Polish-Czech state border.

history

The village of Groß Peterwitz was laid out in the 13th century as an anger village under German law colonization. The place was first mentioned in a document in 1273 and at that time belonged with the area around Katscher as a gift from the Bohemian King Ottokar II to the diocese of Olomouc , whose bishop Bruno von Schauenburg founded a parish of Groß Peterwitz that has been documented since 1281 . The Olomouc bishops were replaced as landlords in 1557 by the von Gaschin family , who owned the Groß Peterwitz manor until 1877. On the other hand, Groß Peterwitz remained ecclesiastically assigned to the Olomouc bishopric until 1945 and also linguistically, the inhabitants spoke German, Moravian and Polish-Silesian, the connections between the Upper Silesian village and Moravia were retained.

In 1742 Groß Peterwitz became Prussian and in 1818 it was assigned to the district of Ratibor in the administrative district of Opole. The place was mentioned in 1784 in the book Beytrage describing Silesia as Groß Peterwi (t) z , consisted of two parts with the surnames Moravian and Silesian, both belonged to a Count von Schrattenbach and were in the Leobschütz district. At that time the part with the surname Mährisch had 638 residents, a farm, a church, a school, a hospital, 42 farmers, 15 gardeners and 58 cottagers . The inhabitants were Catholic, German and Polish speaking. The part with the nickname Silesian 282 inhabitants, 21 farmers, eight gardeners and 24 cottagers. The inhabitants were Catholic and Polish-speaking. In 1798, 188 inhabitants were Polish-Silesian and 43 were Moravians. In 1855 Groß Peterwitz received that apart from a flax factory had no major industry, with the state branch line Ratibor-Leobschütz connection to the railway network. In 1865 Groß Peterwitz consisted of a manor and a community. The manor owned a flax roasting facility, a flax crushing and rocking establishment with a steam engine and tobacco production. At that time the place had 58 farms, 18 gardeners and 163 cottages, as well as a farm, a water mill, a distillery, a parish church and a three-class school. In 1896 the Groß Peterwitz – Katscher small railway started operations. In 1910, 61% of the population spoke the Lachish language and 18% were of the Polish-Silesian dialect.

At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 , Czechoslovakia claimed the area because of the Moravian population, but the village did not become part of the Hultschiner Land .

In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 1,772 local voters voted for Upper Silesia to remain with Germany and 55 for membership in Poland. Groß Peterwitz stayed with the German Empire after the division of Upper Silesia . Until 1945 the place was in the district of Ratibor .

In 1945 the formerly German town came under Polish administration and was then attached to the Silesian Voivodeship and renamed the Polish Pietrowice Wielkie . Since not all German residents were expelled, a minority of German origin was able to survive in the area. In 1950 the place came to the Opole Voivodeship, 1975 to the Katowice Voivodeship and in 1999 to the re-established Powiat Raciborski and the Silesian Voivodeship. The passenger train service was discontinued in April 2000.

Population development

The population of Groß Peterwitz according to the respective territorial status:

year Residents
1830 1,111
1845 1,714
1855 1,688
1861 1,853
year Residents
1910 2,815
1933 3,065
1939 3,175

Attractions

Street train
  • The local Catholic parish church of St. Vitus, Modestus and Creszentia (kościół św. Wita, Modesta i Krescencji) and the surrounding churchyard wall dates from the 16th century, with the baroque front tower not being built until 1822. Fundamental changes followed in 1935 when the choir was torn down in favor of a new, short transept and rebuilt in its old form on the extended, previously three-bay nave. To the east of the church is a baroque statue of Nepomuk from the 18th century.
The Schrotholzkirche Heilig Kreuz
  • The cruciform church was probably built around 1667 under the pastor Martin Mosler south of the village on the road to Ratsch. Around this scrap wood church , the abandoned village of Lerchenfeld was built. The miraculous image of the crucifixion located inside became the destination of numerous pilgrimages, so that the building was expanded in 1743. The slightly lower choir, closed on two sides, adjoins the square church space, which is lined with colonnades on the outside and has an annex for the vestibule and organ gallery in the west. Inside, in addition to the baroque main altar with the miraculous image, there are also two baroque side altars from the 18th century with paintings of the Rosary Madonna and Saint Anne. On the crossbar of the triumphal cross an old inscription in Latin, German and Moravian refers to the complete indulgence in this church on the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross , which Pope Pius VI instigated with brother Anselm Kotterbas . 1783 was approved. The neo-Gothic well chapel is on the other side of the street.
  • In addition, the old farmhouses from the 19th century in Franconian courtyard form deserve attention, which are lined up with their gables on the long village green and each connected with round arches.
  • Former cemetery with figure of Mary
  • Nepomuk sculpture
  • Figure of St. Florian
  • Castle from 1822, built by Ludwig Bennecke. The seat of the municipality since 1973.

Culture

The village celebrates the custom of Easter riding at Easter . A Christmas market is held during Advent.

Sons and daughters of the place

Web links

Commons : Pietrowice Wielkie  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c cf. diecezja.opole.pl ; down. on May 28, 2008
  2. ↑ Friedrich Albert Zimmermann: Additions to the Description of Silesia, Volume 3 , Brieg 1784
  3. ^ A b Mariusz Kowalski: Morawianie (Morawcy) w Polsce [Morawzcen in Poland] . In: Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej . No. 5 , 2016, p. 121, 126 (Polish, online [PDF]).
  4. ↑ Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Breslau 1865
  5. ^ Results of the referendum in Upper Silesia in 1921: Literature , table in digital form
  6. ↑ Sources of the population figures : 1830 - 1844 - 1855, 1861 - 1933, 1939 - 1910
  7. ↑ See page no longer available , search in web archives: Groß-peterwitz.com ; down. on May 28, 2008@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / web14.nova.sitc24.de
  8. ↑ See also drewnianyslask2.za.pl, pietrowicewielkie.pl; down. on May 28, 2008, as well as Dehio's Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland: Silesia.
  9. ↑ Tourist map