Gross Lassowitz
| Gross Lassowitz Lasowice Wielkie |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Kluczborski | ||
| Gmina : | Gross Lassowitz | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 52 ' N , 18 ° 13' E | ||
| Height : | 199 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 745 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 46-280 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | OKL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 45 Wieluń - Racibórz | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
Gross Lassowitz ( Polish Lasowice Wielkie , obsolete German Polish Lassowitz , 1936–1945 Oberwalden ) is a village in the powiat Kluczborski of the Polish Opole Voivodeship . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name with about 6,900 inhabitants, which has been bilingual (Polish and German) since 2006.
geography
Geographical location
Gross Lassowitz is located in the northwestern part of Upper Silesia in the Kreuzburger Land. The place is about ten kilometers south of the district town of Kluczbork ( Kreuzburg OS ) and about 35 kilometers northeast of the voivodeship capital Opole. The street village of Gross Lassowitz extends off the state road 45 in an easterly direction, along a tributary of the Bogacica, surrounded by forests of the Stober landscape protection park ( Stobrawski Park Krajobrazowy ).
Neighboring places
Neighboring places of Gross Lassowitz are in the north Jaschine (Polish: Jasienie ), in the northeast Klein Lassowitz (Polish: Lasowice Małe ), in the southeast Kudoba (Polish: Chudoba ), in the south Sausenberg ( Szumirad ), in the southwest Trebitschin (Polish: Trzebiszyn ) and in the west Marienfeld ( Oś ).
history
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In a document dated August 23, 1292, the sale of 32 Franconian Hufen land in Lessowic Polonicalis from Duke Boleslaus I of Opole to a Volvoramus von Kreuzburg is recorded. According to German law , the settlement should be suspended and the collegiate monastery in Opole should be subject to a ten-month fee. From his visitation report from 1686 in the lines "in villa Lassowitz Polonicali maiore habet tres marcas graves pro decima, in Lassowitz vero Teutonicali marcas duas" it also emerges that the larger Polish town of Lassowitz represents today's Groß Lassowitz, while today's district of Klein Lassowitz as German Lassowitz was designated (even if in later times Klein Lassowitz was larger). Until 1294 the place in the Rosenberger Land belonged to the Duchy of Breslau , then to the Duchy of Opole . This broke away from the Kingdom of Poland in 1327 and submitted to the Kingdom of Bohemia in the Holy Roman Empire , with which it came to Habsburg in 1521 . The Hussite Wars and the Thirty Years War brought devastation .
Since 1477 there is evidence of its own parish in Groß Lassowitz . Under the influence of the Reformation , the owners of Groß Lassowitz, the von Dambrowka family, and then large parts of the population, soon acknowledged Lutheranism . The new church was built in 1599 as a Protestant parish church - a few years earlier, Martin Laurentius, the first pastor of Groß Lassowitz, appeared, but left the town in 1630 during the Thirty Years' War. The Counter-Reformation of the ruling Catholic Habsburgs followed, so that in 1653 the church of Groß Lassowitz was re-Catholicized as a branch of Klein Lassowitz.
In 1742, Groß Lassowitz was assigned to the Prussian community with most of Silesia and in 1816 to the Rosenberg OS district . But big Lasso joke was a little off the incipient industrialization : While it was within reach of the highway Kreuzburg-Opole, the railway Oels - Namslau -Kreuzburg- Vossowska of 1868 but ran three kilometers east with a station only in small Lasso joke. Under Prussian rule, the situation of the local Protestant population improved, which despite the Counter-Reformation of the Habsburgs made up large parts of the population - for example 65% of the village population in 1861. Nevertheless, the responsible parish with church was only in Kreuzburg until the building of its own church in 1866. In contrast, the local school remained in the hands of the Protestants and was open to children of all denominations. Finally, in 1853, the place also got a Roman Catholic school. In 1857 the Catholic parish Groß Lassowitz was founded - the previous parish Klein Lassowitz became a branch. Since July 29, 1866, Groß Lassowitz was again the seat of a newly founded Protestant parish, which was branched off from the Kreuzburg parish. The first clergyman of the new parish was the vicar Emil Wilhelm Mücke, b. on February 27, 1836 in the village of Kotowskie near Medzibor .
In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 394 votes (84.2%) were cast in the village of Groß Lassowitz to stay with Germany, 74 votes were for joining Poland. At the Groß Lassowitz estate, the result was even clearer with 81 votes to 5. The village remained in the Weimar Republic . In the course of the National Socialist renaming of the place, the place name Groß Lassowitz, which sounded too Slavic to the new rulers, was changed to Oberwalden in 1936 . On April 1, 1939, the municipalities of Oberwalden, Rodewalde (Trebitschin) and Sausenberg were merged to form the new municipality of Sausenberg. By the end of the Second World War, Groß Lassowitz lost its independence.
Towards the end of World War II , the Red Army occupied the region in January 1945 . Soon after, Groß Lassowitz was placed under Polish administration . The place received the Polish place name Lasowice Wielkie . A part of the German population was subsequently expelled by the local Polish administrative authority and replaced by Poles who immigrated from Rodatycze (now Rodatychi near Horodok ) , which lies east of the Curzon Line and which fell to the Soviet Union as part of the " westward displacement of Poland " were.
In the post-war years, a Gromada Lasowice Wielkie was formed in the Powiat Oleski, but it was dissolved with other small municipalities in the early 1960s. During the administrative reform in 1973, Lasowice Wielkie became the capital of the Gmina of the same name because of its central location . With the administrative reform in 1999, Lasowice Wielkie was separated from the Olesno (Rosenberg) district and part of the Powiat Kluczborski (Kreuzburg) .
Despite the expulsion of Germans and the resettlement of Poles, a large part of the population is still of German descent. According to the last Polish census in 2002, 37.76% of the community population belong to the German minority , another 1.71% described themselves as " Silesians ". The community of Gross Lassowitz has been officially bilingual since 2006, and on August 16, 2010 it introduced additional German place names.
Population development
The population of Groß Lassowitz:
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Attractions
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- The Catholic All Saints Parish Church (kościół Wszystkich Świętych) is a scrap wood church first mentioned in 1447 . After a fire in 1519, today's building was built in 1599 for the then Protestant community. With the Counter Reformation , the church had to be returned to the Catholics in 1653. The characteristic front tower, which is crowned by a clapboard-covered Welschen hood, was added to the east-facing nave of the block construction . At the same time, a gallery was drawn in to accommodate an organ. In the following years the wooden church was renovated several times and in 1905 the sacristy was replaced by a stone building. In the baroque interior, carvings on the side altars and figures of St. Ignatius and a St. Bishop were preserved from the 17th century, the baptismal font comes from the 18th century - the pulpit was made in the Regency style. The last of three historical bells, cast in 1521, is also worthy of note. The church is a stop on the Cultural Route of Wooden Sacral Architecture (Szlak Drewnianego Budownictwa Sakralnego).
- The Protestant population only received a church again in the 19th century. The plot of land for the Evangelical Church of St. Peter and Paul (Kościół ewangelicki Apostołów Piotra i Pawła) was bought in 1862, the foundation stone was laid on June 26, 1864 and the new building was inaugurated on June 29, 1866 (for St. Peter and Paul) , which was financed by the community members and the Gustav Adolf Foundation . The church is a neo-Romanesque brick building with five window axes in the single-nave church space, which is closed off by a lower apse. The front is taken up by a slender bell tower enclosed by four triangular gables with a spire. The simple interior of the church was supplemented by the 14-part organ in 1910. Today the church is used by the local parish of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession .
local community
The rural community (gmina wiejska) Gross Lassowitz is divided into 13 villages with school authorities on an area of 210.8 km².
literature
- Felix Triest: Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia . Breslau 1865, pp. 239–241.
- Gerlinde Kraus: Christiane Fürstin von der Osten-Sacken . Steiner, Stuttgart 2001, pp. 148–149 (restricted preview) .
Web links
- Community website (Polish)
- Website of the Evangelical Community of Groß Lassowitz (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on January 27, 2019
- ^ Walter Krause: On the history of large and small Lassowitz. In: Local calendar of the Rosenberg district 1934
- ↑ a b Historia gminy , ab. on March 18, 2008
- ↑ lasowice.eu , ab. on March 18, 2008
- ^ Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien. Wroclaw 1865
- ^ Johannes Justin Georg Carl Heinrich Koelling: Presbyterology, that is a detailed history of the pastors and preachers of the church district of Creuzburg. Creuzburg 1867, p. 172 ( books.google.de ).
- ↑ Results of the referendum ( Memento of the original of September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. down. on February 17, 2010.
- ↑ territorial.de removed. on February 17, 2010.
- ^ Miejscowości osiedleń grupowych ludności wiejskiej pochodzącej z obszaru Polski w granicach do 1939; ( Memento from March 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). on February 24, 2008
- ↑ Sources of population figures : 1783, 1830, 1845: stowarzyszenie.lasowicewielkie.prv.pl - 1855, 1861: sbc.katowice.pl - 1925, 1933: Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rosenberg district ( Polish Olesno). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). - 1910: gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ stowarzyszenie.lasowicewielkie.prv.pl ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. or also [wrotaopolszczyzny.pl], both down. March 18, 2008
- ↑ lasowice.eu , ab. on March 18, 2008
