Gorzów Śląski

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Gorzów Śląski
Gorzów Śląski coat of arms
Gorzów Śląski (Poland)
Gorzów Śląski
Gorzów Śląski
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Olesno
Gmina : Gorzów Śląski
Area : 18.68  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 2 '  N , 18 ° 26'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 2 '0 "  N , 18 ° 26' 0"  E
Residents : 2460 (December 31, 2016)
Postal code : 46-310
Telephone code : (+48) 34
License plate : OOL
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 45 Racibórz - Wieluń
Ext. 487 Byczyna - Olesno
Next international airport : Katowice
Wroclaw
administration
Website : www.gorzowslaski.pl



Gorzów Śląski [ ˈgɔʒuf ˈɕlõsci ] (German: Landsberg OS ) is a city in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland . A German minority lives in the city and its surroundings.

geography

Gorzów Śląski is located in the northwestern part of Upper Silesia in the Kreuzburger Land. The place is located in the far north of the Opole Voivodeship. Approx. The border with the Łódź Voivodeship is nine kilometers to the north . Gorzów Śląski is located about 19 kilometers north of the district town of Olesno and about 63 kilometers northeast of the voivodeship capital Opole.

Gorzów Śląski is located on the left bank of the Prosna , a left tributary of the Warta . The place is in the Oels-Kreuzberger arable plain in a valley basin, which is surrounded by numerous hills. The region originally belonged to Lower Silesia . The national road Droga krajowa 45 and the voivodship road DW487 run through the village .

history

Evangelical Holy Cross Church - built in 1857
Dreifaltigkeitskirche - built between 1894 and 1895

The place was probably founded before 1270, since a castellan can be verified since that time , although the exact location of the old castle, which was built in 1241 as an outpost in the fight against the Golden Horde , is not known. The river Prosna formed the historical border between Silesia and Greater Poland , the area around Landsberg on the western bank was part of the Duchy of Wroclaw at that time .

The first mention of the city of Landesberch stat unde hus comes from the year 1294, when Duke Heinrich V of Breslau passed this area to Duke Heinrich III. von Glogau had to resign. Landsberg came to the Duchy of Oels in 1312, to the Duchy of Brieg in 1323 , with which it came to the Crown of Bohemia as a fief in 1329 , and finally to the Duchy of Opole in 1368 . Due to its border location, Landsberg often suffered from fighting, in 1394 and 1446 the Poles invaded and devastated the city.

In 1499, Hans Frankenberg von Proschlitz acquired the Landsberg estate, which in addition to the city included eight other places, from the property of Duke Johann von Oppeln . Landsberg belonged to this family until 1717.

The town, which was laid out in regular lines around a central ring , probably never had a city ​​wall . Its inhabitants were farmers and artisans. The potters founded their guild in 1585, the shoemakers in 1630 and the tailors in 1700 . In addition to these trades, there were also several master linen weavers based in Landsberg . In the city an ironworks that the degraded in the environment consisted Keuper - Eisenstein processed and was shut down in 1914th

In 1696 and 1734 large parts of Landsberg's city fires fell victim to. After the First Silesian War in 1742, Landsberg and most of Silesia fell to Prussia . In 1804, Prince Friedrich Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen acquired the rule. In 1816 Landsberg became part of the newly established district of Rosenberg .

In 1845 there was a Catholic church, a synagogue, a castle, an outbuilding and 55 other houses in the village. In the same year, 503 people lived in Landsberg, 79 of them Protestant and 40 Jewish.

The Protestant parish built a church in 1857. The synagogue in Landsberg was inaugurated in 1865. In 1895 the Catholic parish replaced the wooden Trinity Church with a solid structure.

Landsberg lived mainly from border trade with Poland and in 1830 had the right to hold six annual markets . In 1896, the narrow - gauge railway to Rosenberg, called Rasende Pauline , began operating, and in 1916 it was expanded in the other direction to Wieluń , Poland . In 1899 the railway border station Zawisna was built four kilometers north of Landsberg across from the Polish border town of Praszka . After the First World War , the city lost its importance, the flow of seasonal workers decreased significantly and border trade came to a standstill.

In the years 1926 to 1928 the railway connection was converted to standard gauge . The neighboring village of Landsberg was incorporated into the city in 1929. In 1930, the Upper Silesian Landgesellschaft acquired the Landsberg manor south of the city from the Prince of Hohenlohe and established a settlement there. The local synagogue was set on fire during the Reichspogromnacht on November 9, 1938. The remains of the building were removed a little later.

As a result of the Second World War , Landsberg fell together with almost all of Silesia to Poland in 1945 and was renamed Gorzów Śląski . The city includes the district Więckowice Nowe ( Wienskowitz , 1936–1945: Wiesbach OS ).

According to the 2002 census in Poland, 17.0% of the community population belong to the German minority , another 2.6% describe themselves as Silesians . The proportion of people of German origin is probably significantly higher, not least because 489 people (6.2%) did not provide any information about their nationality.

Population development

year population
1787 663
1825 818
1828 848
1905 1107
1939 3049
1961 2461
1970 2600

Attractions

Ring with Protestant church
Manor house at ul. Złota

Trinity Church

The Roman Catholic Trinity Church was built between 1894 and 1895 in the neo-Gothic style. The church has a cross-shaped floor plan with a length of almost 34 meters and a width of 26.54 meters. The bell tower to the west has a height of 58 meters. The bells were melted down in 1943. The church was partially damaged during the war. The damage could be repaired by 1949. In 1951 the Trinity Church got new bells.

In the interior there is the main altar designed in neo-Gothic style. He owns a painting of the Trinity, which was made in 1918 by R. Richter-Glatz. The Way of the Cross comes from the Munich company F. Gypsena and was installed in 1923.

Evangelical Holy Cross Church

The Protestant congregation in Landsberg was formed on April 1, 1852. On August 7, 1855, the foundation stone for the Protestant church was laid on the southwest corner of the ring. The building was completed in 1857. The church was consecrated on October 8, 1857. The last German pastor of the Protestant community in Landsbergs was Pastor Adolf Winkelmann. In the 1990s, the church was completely restored.

More Attractions

  • On the Ring (Rynek), some town houses from the 18th and 19th centuries have been preserved, including house no.4.
  • Former station building
  • Manor house at ul. Złota

sons and daughters of the town

Gmina

The urban-and-rural community Gorzów Śląski covers an area of ​​154.12 km² with 7750 inhabitants (2005).

literature

Web links

Commons : Gorzów Śląski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ City of Landsberg OS
  2. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 346.
  3. ↑ a b Jewish community in Landsberg
  4. ↑ See Polish Main Statistical Office (GUS) ( Memento from December 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ History of the Trinity Church
  6. ↑ Evangelical Church - History (Polish)