Chorulla
| Chorulla Chorula |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Krapkowice | ||
| Gmina : | Gogolin | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 32 ′ N , 17 ° 57 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 640 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | OKR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
Chorulla , Polish Chorula [ xɔ'rula ] (1936–1945 Steinfurt ) is a village with 630 inhabitants in the municipality of Gogolin in Upper Silesia , Poland . It lies on the Oder and belongs to the Powiat Krapkowicki .
Geographical location
Chorula is located 15 km southeast of Opole , 91 km southeast of Wroclaw and 239 km southwest of Warsaw .
history
Early days
Already in the Middle Stone Age, around 4000 BC. Ends, people settled near Chorulla, as demonstrated by rich finds of stone tools. For the younger Stone Age up to around 2000 BC Although tools as evidence of human dwellings have not yet been found, there have been a number of settlement sites. From 1200 to 600 BC The so-called Illyrians settled near Chorulla - so called because of their racial relationship with the people living in Illyria at the same time .
The colonization of Upper Silesia by the Germans , who belonged to the tribe of the Vandals , began around AD 400 . From 400 to 600 AD these peoples also lived in the area of Chorulla, which is proven by rich finds. According to the general historical assumption, Slavic finds should be detectable from around 600 onwards , but this is not the case in all of Upper Silesia. In fact, there are Slavic finds only from the 9th century, and these have been strongly mixed with Germanic finds since around 1100. In the 14th century, German pottery was already in use in Chorulla, as some of the broken pieces show.
1200 to 1450
It was not until the 13th century that there was some initial documentary evidence of the owners of the village of Chorulla, whereby the respective owners usually named or were named after their possessions:
- 1258: On October 21st, a Friedrico de Chorule is mentioned for the first time.
- 1306: Chorula villa is mentioned for the first time in the tithe register / foundation book of the diocese of Breslau; the tithe goes to the Bishop of Breslau.
- 1306: On June 19, Bishop Heinrich von Würben from Wrocław transfers the tithe from the village of Chorulla to the two newly hired sextons of the collegiate church “Zum heiligen Kreuz” in Opole as their maintenance; this regulation was still in effect until 1810 ( secularization ).
- 1402: On April 17, Miczke (Michael) from the Chorula sells three hooves to Hans Bes von Rogau (source: Freiherr von Schirnding'sche Collection , Breslau City Library). However, this purchase seems to have been reversed after a few years, because exactly the same source shows that Hans Bes sold 3½ Hufen zu Chorulla to Miczke von Chorula on February 3, 1413 .
- 1412: On October 3rd, a Thomas Chorula appears in Opole as a witness (source: Schirnding ).
- 1425: Duke Bolko von Oppeln pledged his supreme rights to Chorulla on February 27th to the same Tomke (Thomas) von der Chorula for 30 marks (source: Schirnding ).
- 1442: Mention of a Janke (Johann / Hanns) Chorulinsky von Drazenicz (Chorulinsky = that of Chorula) in a document from Duke Bernhard von Falkenberg . This is probably the Janusch von Szerau mentioned below , who sold Chorulla to Hannos Dobirswicz in or before 1447 ; he later called himself Hannos von der Chorula as the owner .
- 1447: This Hannos von der Chorula owes Janusch von Szerau 60 marks for goods bought at Chorula until Monday after Laurentii (August 2nd) 1447 according to a declaration made in Opole. If Hannos does not pay his debts after two years with 10% interest p.p. a. back, everything that Janusch sold to Hannos from the Chorula - this property belonged to Hannos and his brother at that time - should revert to Janusch with its jurisdiction . The brother is likely to be the Mikolasch Chorula named below . A last remnant of Chorulla probably still belongs unchanged to the Duke of Opole (see below) (source: Codex diplomaticus Silesiae , Volume 6, page 220).
1450 to 1650
The story of Chorulla becomes somewhat more coherent from October 20, 1476 onwards, because it was on this day that Girzick Dobirswicz (Georg von Dobschütz), the first directly verifiable ancestor of the von Dobschütz family, which still exists today , bought according to a document issued in Opole (source: Schirnding ) from the creditors of the deceased Mikolasch Chorula (see above: 1447) his bequeathed property to Chorula. It can therefore be assumed that Girzick inherited a share of the village of Chorulla from his father Hannos von der Chorula (see above: 1447) after his death and now on October 20, 1476 another share of Chorulla after the death of his uncle Mikolasch , brother of Hannos , whose creditors could buy, in order to re-own most of the village and the Chorulla estate.
After Girzick's death in 1525, his eldest son Ladislaus inherited the village and estate and owned it until his own death in 1550. Before that, brother Matthus (Matthias) and sister Margaretha had renounced their inheritance in June 1525. The younger brother Nikolaus only sold his own inheritance to the first-born Ladislaus in 1538 .
(drawing: Friedrich Bernhard Werner (1690–1776))
Ladislaus' other two brothers Friedrich and Paul Chorula together bought a share of Chorulla from Duke Johann II of Opole themselves in 1526, and in 1529 also the Chorulla works. Were these the remaining shares that Girzick and later his son Ladislaus were still missing? Friedrich and Paul both apparently remained without descendants, so that these shares may have passed to their nephew Georg after their death , who then finally owned Chorulla 100%. This Georg , Ladislaus eldest son and Girzick's grandson, held Chorulla from the inheritance in 1525 until the end of his life in 1574 and in turn passed the village and estate on to his eldest son Ladislaus . Most recently, his first-born son Johann (Hans) Georg inherited the old family property in 1614 . It was only this Johann Georg von Dobschütz who sold the village and estate Chorulla for 9,000 thalers to Balzer Larisch the Younger on November 4, 1636 (source: Schirnding ). Chorula was the family property of this Dobschütz line from at least about 1450 to 1636 and therefore traditionally made Chorulla their own family name from about 1530 onwards; until the final sale of the property was called Chorula - even if you were not yourself, but z. B. the brother was the sole owner. Only after the sale (1636) was the original Dobschütz family name used again in different phonetic spellings.
1650 to 1945
- 1783: Chorulla belongs to a baroness von Larisch ; Chorulla has been owned by Larisch since 1636. There was a Vorwerk (Dominium), twelve farmers, ten gardeners, five cottagers and a windmill, a total of 115 inhabitants.
- 1803: A castle, a farm, twelve farmers, ten gardeners, five cottagers and a windmill are mentioned.
- 1818: Chorulla is assigned to the district of Groß Strehlitz .
- 1844: The manor belongs to the Reil family , which Chorulla had previously taken over from a von Strachwitz family .
- 1845: The “ Overview of Villages, Spots, Cities ” describes the village and estate Chorulla: Chorulla belongs to the administrative district of Opole , the competent higher regional court is in Ratibor (3¼ miles), the post office is in Krappitz (one mile), a castle, an outbuilding , 258 Catholic residents; the Evangelical Church is in Krappitz, the Catholic Church in Ottmuth; there is a windmill, a lime kiln and the limestone quarry, two boats with 9 loads each. This also includes the Dalecký Vorwerk . At that time both spellings existed - Chorulla (German) and Chorula (Polish).
- 1864: For Chorulla it is stated: nine gardeners and six cottagers with a total of 120 acres of land (farmers are not mentioned), a Kretscham, a post mill and a ferry. With the Daleki farm and 17 acres of limestone quarry, the manor comprises a total of 3,249 acres. 1,200 sheep are kept. The limestone quarry is loaded directly into barges and transported on the Oder. The lime distillery only works for its own needs.
- 1908: Chorulla had exactly 426 inhabitants. The "Silesian local directory" describes Chorulla this year: village and manor (with quarry), district town Groß Strehlitz (28.5 km away), district court and Protestant church in Krappitz (7 km), post office and railway station in Gogolin (8.5 km away) km), administrative district, civil registry district and Catholic Church in Ottmuth ; 249 residents in the village and 177 residents on the manor.
- 1927 The situation has not changed significantly. The owners are still the Reil family. Chorulla has 401 inhabitants.
- 1935: "Meyers Orts- und Verkehrslexikon des Deutschen Reiches" says about Chorulla: The place has 466 inhabitants, the responsible post office is in Gogolin, the nearest railway station is 4 km away in Przywor ( Przywory , Opole district , today's Kędzierzyn-Koźle railway line –Opole ), the responsible district court in Krappitz.
- 1936: On July 7th, the place is renamed Steinfurt .
1945 until today
- 1945: Steinfurt receives its Polish name Chorula again and belongs to Poland.
- 1983: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI. , " blessed the foundation stone for the construction of a small church in Chorula. Later he always asked me how things were going with his little" cathedral "in Chorula. " (Source: Alfons Nossol, Archbishop of Oppeln, in: " Schlesisches Wochenblatt "No. 40, October 2005).
- 2005: The German Heidelberg Cement Group has been quarrying limestone through its subsidiary Górażdże Cement SA in Chorula for several years .
- On April 30, 2010, the place received its official German name.
literature
- Johann Georg Knie : overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Verlag von Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845.
- Schlesisches Ortschaftsverzeichnis , 6th edition, Verlag Wilhelm Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1908.
- Meyers Orts- und Verkehrslexikon des Deutschen Reiches, the free city of Danzig and the Memel area , 6th edition, Bibliographisches Institut AG., Leipzig 1935.
- Heinrich Kurtz: The excavations of Chorulla . In: From the Chelmer Land. Born 1925, No. 12, Verlag Georg Huebner, Groß Strehlitz.
- NN. Malcherek: The prehistoric settlement of Chorulla . In: From the Chelmer Land. Born 1927, No. 8, Georg Huebner Verlag, Groß Strehlitz.
- Walter Krause: News about the village and the Chorulla family . In: From the Chelmer Land. Born 1929, No. 5, Georg Huebner Verlag, Groß Strehlitz.
- Ernst Mücke: The Germanic graves of Chorulla . In: From the Annaberger Land, December 1933.
- Günther von Dobschütz: Chorulla . In: Journal of the Family Association of those von Dobschütz, No. 7, November 1928.
- Sigismund von Dobschütz: von Dobschütz - family list of an Upper Silesian family over 500 years old . In: Archiv Ostdeutscher Familienforscher (AOFF), Volume VIII, page 105f., Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt (Aisch) 1980, ISSN 0003-9470 .
- Jozef Szulc: Chorula - z dziejów miejscowosci . In: Panorama Ziemi Gogolinskiej, 1996.
- Marek Gaworski: Castles, palaces and courtyards of the Strzelce Land , Wydawnictwo MS, Opole 2005.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dz. U. No. 17, poz. 141, z późn. zm .; online: Lista gmin wpisanych na podstawie art. 12 ustawy z dnia 6 stycznia 2005 r. , accessed May 14, 2010
Chorulla (Chorula) | Dombrowka (Dąbrówka) | Gogolin | Goradze (Górażdże) | Great Stone (Kamień Śląski) | Little Stone (Kamionek) | Mallnie (Malnia) | Oberwitz (Obrowiec) | Oderwanz (Odrowąż) | Sakrau (Zakrzów)