Leschnitz

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Leschnitz
Leśnica
Coat of arms of Leschnitz
Leschnitz Leśnica (Poland)
Leschnitz Leśnica
Leschnitz
Leśnica
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Strzelce Opolskie
Gmina : Leschnitz
Area : 14.45  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 26 '  N , 18 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 26 '0 "  N , 18 ° 11' 0"  E
Height : 205 m npm
Residents : 2685 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Postal code : 47-150
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : EAST
Economy and Transport
Street : A4 Opole - Katowice
Next international airport : Katowice
administration
Website : www.lesnica.pl



Leschnitz ( renamed Bergstadt , in Polish Leśnica [ lɛɕˈɲiʦa ] on September 3, 1936 ) is a country town with around 3000 inhabitants and the seat of a town-and-country municipality in the Upper Silesian powiat Strzelecki ( Groß Strehlitz district ) in the Polish Voivodeship of Opole . Since 2006 the community has been officially bilingual (Polish and German).

Geographical location

Leschnitz southwest of Groß Strehlitz and southeast of St. Annaberg on a map from 1905

The city is located in the Upper Silesia region at the southeastern foot of the 385 m high St. Annaberg on the Stockauer Bach, around thirty kilometers southeast of Opole and 65 kilometers northwest of Katowice .

In 1988 a 5,775 hectare landscape park was built around St. Annaberg, 47% of which is in the Leśnica area. Similarly, a geological finds in the municipality nature reserve , which includes 2.68 hectares and in an old quarry of limestone and basalt is. This place is reminiscent of 5 million year old volcanic phenomena .

history

Place-name sign
Leschnitzer Ring (photo 2012)
Parish Church of the Holy Trinity

The first written mention of the place comes from the year 1217. At that time Leschnitz already had the town charter and is therefore one of the oldest towns in Silesia. A wooden church was first mentioned in 1257. The bailiwick of the place was first mentioned in 1382. In 1429 the place was destroyed during the Hussite Wars . In 1451, Leschnitz was destroyed again by fire, presumably the parish church of the Holy Trinity was also burned. This was then rebuilt. Nine years later (1460) the city was occupied by Duke Johann von Auschwitz, who devastated the Duchy of Opole from here . In the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae by Matthäus Merian from 1650, the place is mentioned as Leschnitz and Leßnitz .

In 1782 there were 646 inhabitants in the city. In 1798 a factory for snuff was built, which made the city famous. Cholera ravaged the city in 1837, a great fire in 1843, and shortly afterwards (1846–1848) a great famine. The last, so to speak, final catastrophe for the place was the renewed outbreak of cholera in 1866. During this time, mainly German and the so-called water Polish was spoken . During the 19th and 20th centuries, the fruit trade was important for the townspeople, who even traded the fruit with Hungary and Russia. Furthermore, the craft and here especially weaving and shoemaking were important.

In the 19th century, Leschnitz split into different communal units: the municipality of Leschnitz, which included the old town, the rural municipality of Freidorf (formerly Kzienzowiesch) in the suburbs and the merged Freivogtei Leschnitz and the estate district Freivogtei Leschnitz. These suburban settlements were merged to form the new municipality of Freidorf in 1928 and finally incorporated into Leschnitz in 1935, which has remained so to this day. At the beginning of the 20th century Leschnitz had two Catholic churches, a home for mentally handicapped children and was the seat of a local court .

Before and after the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, conflicts similar to civil war broke out in the area , during which Leschnitz was temporarily occupied by Polish rebels. In the city of Leschnitz, 899 votes were cast in favor of remaining with Germany and 101 for annexation to Poland. In the Leschnitz Freivogtei there were 70 votes for Germany and 41 for Poland. In the Freivogtei Leschnitz, manor district 47 votes for Germany and 6 for Poland, in Freidorf 322 votes for Germany and 205 for Poland. Like the entire district of Groß Strehlitz, Leschnitz remained with the German Empire.

In 1934 the city was connected to the rail network . From 1933, the new National Socialist rulers carried out large-scale renaming of place names of Slavic origin. In 1936 the place was renamed Bergstadt . The city was spared from the fighting of the Second World War until 1945. Only when the Red Army reached the place in 1945 did fighting break out here as well. On January 23, 1945, the city was finally conquered by the Red Army and placed under Polish administration as Leśnica .

Since only a part of the ancestral residents had fled or were expelled, a minority of German descent was able to survive in the area. According to the last Polish census of 2002, 28.17% of the community population belong to the German minority , another 7.43% described themselves as Silesians . The mayor and 12 of 15 members of the Leschnitz city council were elected in the local elections in 2010 from the electoral list of the German minority. The municipality approved German as an auxiliary language in 2006 and introduced bilingual place names in 2008.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year population Remarks
1783 562
1816 803
1825 917 including twelve Evangelicals, 33 Jews
1828 994
1840 1272 including 25 Evangelicals, 1181 Catholics, 66 Jews
1855 1381
1861 1413 25 Evangelicals, 1328 Catholics, 60 Jews. The language of the inhabitants is German and Polish
1967 1447 on December 3rd
1871 1444 including 50 Protestants, 60 Jews (1100 Poles ); According to other data, 1,439 inhabitants (on December 1), including 23 Evangelicals, 1,375 Catholics and 42 Jews
1885 1554 including 29 Evangelicals, 44 Jews
1900 1676
1910 1,811 Freivogtei Leschnitz including manor district 293 inhabitants
1933 2800
1939 3335
Number of inhabitants after the Second World War
year Residents source
1995 3.159
2000 3,080
2005 2,946

traffic

Leschnitz lies on the former Kędzierzyn-Koźle – Kluczbork railway line ; the Zdzieszowice station on the Kędzierzyn-Koźle – Opole railway was named Leschnitz from 1867 to 1930.

Attractions

  • Parish Church of the Holy Trinity from the 15th century (renovated in the 18th century)
  • Burial church Mater Dei (Matka Boża) from the 16./17. century
  • The pilgrimage site of St. Annaberg

local community

In addition to the city of Leschnitz, the following districts belong to the municipality :

Partnerships

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 288–289 .
  • Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 854 .
  • Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 52 .
  • Albert Lipnicki (Ed.): Osiem wieków ziemi leśnickiej. Wroclaw, 2002

Web links

Commons : Leschnitz  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  2. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 439 .
  3. ↑ See results of the referendum ; down. on October 17, 2009
  4. ↑ See Polish Main Statistical Office (GUS) ( Memento from December 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 288 .
  6. ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 3, Kr – O , Halle 1822, p. 92, item 1544 .
  7. ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, pp. 958-959 .
  8. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 854.
  9. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 261, paragraph 58 ;
  10. ^ A b * Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 312–313, item 1 .
  11. ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, pp. 174-175 .
  12. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  13. ↑ a b c GUS ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stat.gov.pl
  14. ^ Ryszard Stankiewicz and Marcin Stiasny: Atlas Linii Kolejowych Polski 2014 . Eurosprinter, Rybnik 2014, ISBN 978-83-63652-12-8