Lubliniec

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lubliniec
Coat of arms of Lubliniec
Lubliniec (Poland)
Lubliniec
Lubliniec
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : Lubliniec
Area : 91.90  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 41 ′  N , 18 ° 41 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  N , 18 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 260 m npm
Residents : 23,784
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 42-700 to 42-715
Telephone code : (+48) 34
License plate : SLU
Economy and Transport
Street : Częstochowa - Opole
Rail route : Oleśnica – Katowice
Lubliniec – Warsaw / Kielce
Next international airport : Katowice
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Residents: 23,784
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 2407011
Administration (as of 2013)
Mayor : Edward Maniura
Address: ul. Paderewskiego 5
42-700 Lubliniec
Website : www.lubliniec.pl



Lubliniec ( German Lublinitz , originally Lubin , from 1941-1945 Loben ) is an Upper Silesian district town in the Polish Silesian Voivodeship . The city has significant light and chemical industries ; almost 25,000 people live here.

geography

Geographical location

The city is located on the northern edge of the Upper Silesia region and the Upper Silesian Industrial Region , about 60 km north-west of Katowice ( Katowice ) and about 35 km southwest of Czestochowa to 256 m above sea level. NHN . Four rivers flow through the city, the Malapane and the Lublinitzer Wasser , named after the city , on whose banks large parts of the city border. In addition, the Steblowski and Droniowicki Streams run through Lubliniec. The surroundings of the city are surrounded by large forest areas, the Lublinitz Forests ( Lasy Lublinieckie ), which extend as far as Opole and Czestochowa. In this forest, which is one of the largest in Poland, 50,746 hectares in 1999 landscaped Lasy nad Gorna Liswarta created that extends a few kilometers north of the city.

City structure

The city of Lubliniec is divided into the following districts:

  • Droniowiczki (Klein Droniowitz)
  • Dziuba
  • Jania Góra (Johnhof)
  • Kokotek (Kokottek)
  • Kopce (Kopka)
  • Leśnica (Leschnitza)
  • Lipie
  • Łopian (Black Forest)
  • Posmyk
  • Pusta Kuźnica (Desert Hammer)
  • Stara Kolonia (Klein Droniowitz Colony)
  • Steblów (Steblau)
  • Śródmieście / downtown
  • Wesoła (Wesolla)
  • Wymyślacz (Wymislacz / Wymischlatz)
  • Zagłówek (Soglowek)

history

Among the Silesian Piasts

Lublinitz Castle was built in the 19th century on the site of a 13th century castle.

The village was founded around 1270 on an important trade route from Wroclaw to Krakow by Duke Wladislaus I of Opole . Around the year 1300, the original was Lubin -called city of Duke Boleslaw I of Opole with Magdeburg rights provided and equipped with a rectangular ring along with parish church. During this time the city came under Bohemian rule, but soon afterwards Władysław II Jagiełło briefly conquered the city for the Polish crown. Medieval Lublinitz was secured by moats and earth walls as well as three city gates, the Krakauer, Oppelner and Rosenberger Tor. In the following decades the city received numerous privileges. As early as the 15th century, Lublinitz, which had around 200 inhabitants, was granted brewing rights for the population within a 7 km radius. In 1500, Duke Johann II von Opole decided that only Lublinitz beer could be served in nearby inns, which, together with the permission to hold weekly markets and cattle markets and finally the connection of the village of Steblów, led to a considerable economic boom. The granting of guild rights also became very important for the city , as the craftsmen were now able to join forces and this enabled a much higher quality and quantity of goods.

Protestant center of Upper Silesia

Schrotholzkirche St. Anna from 1754
Former Evangelical Church in Lublinitz, built in 1850 and demolished in 1972

After the Reformation , Lublinitz became a modest center of Protestantism in Catholic Upper Silesia in the 16th century . In the 18th century Lublinitz rose to become a district capital and was thus the capital of one of the largest districts in the Opole region. In 1776, in agreement with Count von Schlegenberg, a forest area of ​​around 1300 hectares came into the possession of the city, which meant that the residents could be supplied with the necessary wood without importing expensive wood. In 1742, after the Peace of Breslau , the city fell to Prussia , like most of Silesia .

19th century

Lublinitz flourished again in the 19th century, as the Rosenberg - Tarnowitz and Opole - Czestochowa railway lines crossed near the city and Lublinitz was connected to this railway network. In the course of industrialization, small industrial companies settled in the city. In 1893 the old castle was bought by the Prussian administration and a clinic was set up there for the city's population. From 1895 to 1896 the psychiatry , which still exists today, was set up in the castle .

At the beginning of the 20th century Lublinitz had a Protestant church, three Catholic churches, a synagogue , an orphanage, a chief forestry, machine, pearl, stocking and cigar production, an electricity company and was the seat of a local court.

Between the wars and the Second World War

The urban ring

In the referendum in Upper Silesia in 1921, 15,453 or 53.1% of the 29,132 votes in favor of remaining with Germany were cast in the Lublinitz district , with the city itself voting for Germany with 88%. Wojciech Korfanty used the vote, which was unfavorable for Poland, as an excuse to call for the Third Silesian Uprising in the nearby town of Czarny Las on the night of May 2nd to 3rd, 1921 . Finally it was decided that Lublinitz, like the rest of Eastern Upper Silesia, should fall to Poland, while a third of the Lublinitz district was attached to the Guttentag district . Since then, Lubliniec was Poland's new border town with the Prussian province of Upper Silesia .

Shortly after the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, Lubliniec was conquered by German soldiers and renamed in 1941 to praise . Soon afterwards, the persecution of the former Polish insurgents , the inmates of the Loben sanatorium and the expulsion and deportation of most of the local Jews began. Only the preserved Jewish cemetery from 1845 still reminds of the Jewish community. Three generations earlier (1861) it had made up 18% of the total population. The graves of Edith Stein's maternal grandparents , Adelheid and Salomon Courant, and their brothers Ernst and Richard can also be found there. In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, Edith Stein's family had advocated staying with Germany and therefore, as Edith Stein later wrote, "incurred the hatred of the Poles through their resolute advocacy of the German cause".

In December 1941, a “ children's department ” was set up in the sanatorium , under the direction of Ernst Buchalik and Elisabeth Hecker . The medical records of this clinic document the murder of 280 children who had just reached school age.

After 1945

On January 19, 1945, the city was captured by the Red Army and renamed Lubliniec as part of Poland . Today the city is mainly known for the psychiatric institution (Wojewódzki Szpital Neuropsychiatryczny im. Doktora Emila Cyrana) , which is one of the largest in Poland, as well as the largest Polish women's prison and an education center for the hearing impaired. Today Lubliniec is a popular excursion destination because of the large forest areas in the area and is also known as the “city of the green climate”.

The city administration declared 2008 Edith Stein's year, which was also officially declared the city's patroness.

Demographics

Population development until 1921
year population Remarks
1756 676
1782 803
1816 1144
1825 1509 including 78 Evangelicals, 196 Jews
1840 2114 160 Protestants, 1,600 Catholics, 354 Jews
1855 2228
1861 2365 thereof 241 Evangelicals, 1692 Catholics, 432 Jews
1867 2571 on December 3rd
1871 2404 including 250 Protestants, 400 Jews (1100 Poles ); According to other information, 2404 inhabitants (on December 1), including 267 Protestants, 1,742 Catholics, two other Christians, 393 Jews
1885 2671
1890 3093
1900 3491 mostly Catholics
1905 3656
1910 4157 without Lublinitz Castle (306 inhabitants) and Lublinitz Castle District (489 inhabitants)
Number of inhabitants since 1921
year Residents Remarks
1931 8500
1941 10,268
1961 19,800
1980 22,300
2002 24,457
2005 24,242

traffic

The city is a major transport hub with important transit roads and railway lines running through it. It has a train station on the Kalety – Wrocław , Pyskowice – Lubliniec and Kielce – Fosowskie railway lines .

Nikolaikirche
Courant family home

Attractions

Despite the long history of the city, only a few historical buildings have been preserved in Lubliniec. In addition to the central square of the old town, known as the ring, and the town houses from the 18th and 19th centuries in the old town, there are also some important buildings:

Nikolaikirche

The single-aisled Nikolaikirche is located near the square called the Ring . It dates from the 14th century, was rebuilt in 1576–1590 and finally in the 18th century, giving it its baroque appearance. Later renovations took place in the 19th century. The late Baroque Karl Borromeo Chapel dates from 1648. The baroque church tower houses a bell from the 18th century.

Lublinitz Castle

The castle from the 18th century was built in place of a previous building from the 13th century. In the 16th century the castle was still called a fortress , but in the following century it was transformed into a baroque residence. It served as a psychiatry until 1975 and subsequently fell into disrepair. The castle was sold and renovated in 2009 with the aim of turning it into a hotel.

More Attractions

  • The small scrap wood church of St. Anna built in 1754 with a baroque altar
  • The Kreuzkirche has stood in the north of the old town since the 16th century and was fundamentally redesigned in 1842.
  • The Edith Stein Museum , which is dedicated to the life of Edith Stein, was set up in the Courant family home . With many contemporary documents and a timeline of world history, her life and her way to the concentration camp are illustrated.
  • The Church of St. Teresa Benedykta of the Cross - Edith Stein, the first church in Poland to be dedicated to this saint.
  • Ring with old town houses
  • Jewish cemetery , laid out in 1845

politics

coat of arms

Lubliniec coat of arms since 2016

Blazon : The coat of arms of the city shows in a split shield, on the right a half golden eagle on a blue background, on the left five silver stars in red.

This representation can already be found in a city seal from 1660. Historically, the five stars were silver in red, in more recent times the color has been changed from gold to blue. As the heraldic animal of the Upper Silesian Piasts, the golden eagle commemorates the founding of the city by Duke Wladislaus I of Opole . Hugo Saurma traces the stars back to the Barons von Garnier, who owned Lublinitz from 1727 to 1763 and whose coat of arms shows three stars next to the imperial eagle. In 2016, the historical color scheme of the coat of arms was restored.

Town twinning

Lubliniec has partnerships with the following locations:

Personalities

Edith Stein Monument in Lubliniec

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

  • Edith Stein (1891–1942) often visited Lubliniec and her maternal family (Courant). Her grandparents' home and office within sight of the "Ring", i. H. the market square, as well as graves of family members have been preserved
  • Ernst Buchalik (1895–?), Psychiatrist who, as director of the state hospital in Loben, was involved in National Socialist crimes in the context of “child euthanasia”

literature

  • Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 869 .
  • Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 428-432 .
  • Karl August Müller: Patriotic images, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in Silesia and the county of Glatz. Second edition, Glogau 1844, pp. 151–152.
  • Lech Szaraniec: Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie; Górny Śląsk i Małopolska. Muzeum Śląskie, Kattowitz 1996, (Historic city complexes in Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland, including Lubliniec)
  • Jan Fikus: Spacerem przez Lubliniec. , WEST Wydawnictwo Edyty Stein, Lubliniec 1997, ISBN 83-907620-1-3 (Lublinitz city guide)
  • Maciej Janik, Teresa Janik: Lubliniec i okolice przewodnik krajoznawczy. Górnośląska Oficyna Wydawnicza, Kattowitz 2003, ISBN 83-8586266-8

Web links

Commons : Lubliniec  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Lublinitz in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 762 .
  3. ^ Evangelical Church in Lublinitz
  4. ↑ Edith Stein: From my life . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1987. ISBN 3-451-20940-3 . P. 10.
  5. ↑ http://www.uvm.edu/~lkaelber/children/loben/loben.html
  6. ↑ Frauke Hartmann: Illness is not machine damage. In Die Zeit , No. 22, 1988.
  7. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 430 .
  8. ^ A b Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, p. 172 .
  9. ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, pp. 965-966 .
  10. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 869 .
  11. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 426, number 1 .
  12. ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 318–319, item 2 .
  13. ↑ [1]
  14. ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  15. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  16. ^ Heinz Rudolf Fritsche: Schlesien Wegweiser , Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg
  17. ^ Encyclopedia Powszechna PWN
  18. ↑ [2]
  19. ↑ [3]
  20. ↑ Cf. Hugo Saurma, Hrsg .: Wappenbuch der Silesian cities and towns. Berlin 1870
  21. ↑ See lubliniec.info
  22. ↑ Edith Stein: From my life . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1987. ISBN 3-451-20940-3 . Pp. 3-15.
  23. ↑ Edith Stein: From my life . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1987. ISBN 3-451-20940-3 . P. 9.