Wladislaus I. (Opole-Ratibor)

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Seal of Duke Wladislaus I.

Wladislaus I of Opole (also Ladislaus I of Opole , Wladislaw I of Opole , Władysław I of Opole ; Polish Władysław opolski ; Czech Vladislav I. Opolsko-Ratibořský ; * around 1225; † May 14, 1281 ) was 1246 to 1281 Duke of the Upper Silesian Duchy of Opole - Ratibor .

Origin and family

Wladislaus came from the Silesian Piast line . His parents were Casimir I of Opole-Ratibor and the Bulgarian duke's daughter Viola. In 1251 he married Euphemia († after 1281), daughter of the Greater Poland Duke Władysław Odon . The sons came from marriage

Life

Epitaph of Duke Władysław Opolski

After the death of his father Casimir I in 1230, Duke Heinrich I took over the guardianship of his underage sons Mieszko II and Wladislaus. This enabled Heinrich to extend his power to all of Silesia again . In 1233 Heinrich transferred the areas of Ruda and Kalisch to Kasimir's widow Viola and her younger son Wladislaus for the aid he had given in Henry's struggle for supremacy in Greater Poland with Duke Władysław Odon . Since Kalisch was recaptured by the Greater Poland Duke Przemysław I in 1244, Duchess Viola received the castles of Teschen and Ratibor from her older son Mieszko as a widow's seat.

After the death of the older brother Mieszko, Wladislaw took over the government of Opole-Ratibor in 1246. In 1249 he had to cede the Ruda area to Duke Przemysław I. In the battle between the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl and the Hungarian King Béla IV. For the Austrian inheritance in 1253, Wladislaus stood on the Hungarian side and took part in the invasions of the Opava region . Some time later he was one of the supporters of the Bohemian king and fought in 1260 with the Breslau Duke Heinrich III. victorious against Bela IV at the battle of Kressenbrunn . Presumably for this reason, after the subsequent peace treaty, the border between the Troppauer Land, then part of Moravia, and the Duchy of Opole was moved in favor of Wladislaus. It now ran from the village of Lindewiese in the Jeseníky Mountains to Oderberg and beyond the Oder via Hruschau along the Ostrawitza to the Hungarian border.

During the battles between Hungary and Bohemia that followed in 1271, Wladislaus, in contrast to all other Silesian dukes who were on the Bohemian side, behaved neutrally. His neutral stance was justified by the fact that the Krakow knighthood, which was led by Krakow Bishop Paul and who stood in opposition to the ruling Duke Bolesław V , opened prospects to the Krakow area. After the aristocratic party, which was also supported by the Bohemian King Ottokar II, suffered a defeat by Polish troops near Boguczyn in 1273 and the areas around Ratibor, Cosel and Opole were devastated by Polish fighters, there was a reconciliation between Ottokar II and Bolesław V. Presumably for this reason, Wladislaus received significant territorial cedings in Lesser Poland from the Duke of Kraków in 1274 , which pushed the border of the Duchy of Opole to Tyniec near Kraków.

In 1277, Wladislaus was present in Breslau when the Bohemian King Ottokar and his diplomatic advisor Bruno von Schauenburg negotiated a treaty with other dukes that led to the release of the Breslau Duke Henry IV , who married Vladislav's daughter that same year.

According to the Styrian rhyming chronicle of Ottokar from the Gaal , Wladislaus and other Silesian dukes are said to have fought alongside King Ottokar in the decisive battle between Rudolf von Habsburg and Ottokar II in the battle on the Marchfeld in 1279 , who was killed in the battle. Then Wladislaus tried to appropriate the Troppau area, where Ottokar's widow Kunigunde had fled with her secret lover, the leader of the Bohemian noble party, Zawisch von Falkenstein . Wladislaus's son-in-law Heinrich IV settled the resulting dispute. Provided that his daughter would be crowned, Wladislaus is said to have supported Heinrich's efforts to obtain the Polish royal crown.

Wladislaus von Opole died after 35 years of successful government activity. As early as 1252 he founded the Rauden monastery , which he furnished richly. After his death he was buried in the monastery church.

His duchy was divided among his four sons. Opole received Bolko, Beuthen with Cosel, Gleiwitz , Tost and Sewerien went to Casimir. Mieszko and Primislaus initially held Ratibor together, from which they spun off in 1290 for Duke Mieszko Teschen .

City foundations

Due to the settlement activities of the Olomouc bishop Bruno von Schauenburg , who colonized large parts of northern Moravia, there was also an opposition in the Duchy of Opole under Wladislaus I, mainly from the Ratibor – Sohrau – Auschwitz line south to south of Teschen and Bielitz . It began in 1253 with the foundation of Beuthen under German law , through which mining should also be promoted. As early as 1247, Alt Repten received the right to settle Germans, who were granted the privileges of mining on lead and duty-free. Slawentzitz was founded around 1250 and in 1257, Wladislaus allowed the Miechów Monastery in Lesser Poland to implement the village of the same name under German law. In 1260 he gave the village of Lendzin permission to implement it under Flemish law. Other local foundations of Wladislaus under German law included Teschen before 1263, Pschow in 1265 and Sohrau in 1272 . In 1276, besides an old Slavic settlement, the city of Gliwice under German law was founded by Wladislaus. Loslau , which he also founded , was probably named after him as Wladislavia or W (ł) odzisław. Immediately after taking office, Wladislaus rebuilt his residence city of Opole , which was probably largely destroyed during the Mongol storm.

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Vladislaus I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ladislaus I of Opole; Wladislaw I of Opole; Władysław I of Opole; Władysław opolski (Polish); Vladislav I. Opolsko-Ratibořský (Czech)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Opole and Ratibor (1246–1281)
DATE OF BIRTH around 1225
DATE OF DEATH May 14, 1281