Zawisch von Falkenstein

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Zawisch's seal
Baroque representation of the Zawisch Cross, exhibited today in the Vyšší Brod Monastery

Zawisch von Falkenstein (Czech Záviš z Falkenštejna ) (* around 1250 , † August 24, 1290 ) was an adversary of the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl . He came from the Český Krumlov family branch of the Witigonen .

Life

Zawisch was a great-grandson of the founder of the Witigonischen family branch of the Lords of Krumau , Witiko II. D. Ä. ( Vítek starší ). His parents were Budiwoj von Krumau and Perchta von Falkenstein from the Austrian Mühlviertel . She was a granddaughter of Kalhoch II von Falkenstein, the founder of the Cistercian monastery Schlägl .

Due to the centralizing regiment of King Ottokar II. Přemysl and its land development with royal cities and monasteries, the leading Bohemian nobility saw its previous rights impaired. In addition, with the founding of the royal city of Budweis and the Goldenkron monastery , the king wanted to prevent the further expansion of the powerful Witigon family branches of the Lords of Krumau , von Neuhaus and von Rosenberg . They had extensive lands in southern and central Bohemia and were not prepared to accept losses. After Ottokar had refused in 1276 to let the Witigones rule Weleschin , which stretched between the Rosenberg and Neuhaus estates, they and other nobles rebelled against the king.

The rebels, whose leadership Zawisch von Falkenstein took over, plundered Budweis and Goldenkron and occupied royal castles. Ottokar was forced to make the so-called Viennese peace with the Roman-German King Rudolf I , under whose protection the Witigones now went.

After the death of Ottokar II. Přemysl in the Battle of Marchfeld in 1278 , power struggles for the crown broke out between Otto von Brandenburg , who exercised the guardianship of Přemysl's underage son Wenceslaus II, and the representatives of the king's widow Kunigunde von Halitsch , on whose side Zawisch von Falkenstein stood. She appointed him burgrave of Grätz , where she had a secret relationship with him. After the twelve-year-old heir to the throne Wenzel returned from his captivity in Brandenburg in 1283 , Zawisch gained great influence over him and filled the most important offices with his relatives and partisans. In May 1285 Zawisch married Kunigunde, who had already given birth to their son Jan / Ješek two years earlier. After Kunigunde died three months after the official wedding, Zawisch effectively ruled the country. Presumably under Zawisch's influence, King Wenceslas handed over the town and rule of Lanškroun in Eastern Bohemia to his stepbrother Jan / Ješek on October 23, 1285 .

After Wenzel's marriage in 1285, Zawisch resigned his office under pressure from the indignant nobility in the course of 1286 and retired to the court of the Hungarian King Ladislaus IV . There he married his sister Elisabeth in 1287, with whom he settled at the Svojanov Castle near Polička .

After Zawisch had refused to surrender the royal estates that he had appropriated, he was captured in January 1289 at the request of the Prague bishop Tobias von Bechin and the leader of the gentry Burkhard von Janowitz. In protest, his supporters destroyed the cities of Deutschrod and Pilgram in the same year . Zawisch was accused of high treason and was executed with the sword on August 24, 1290 in front of his brothers under the Hluboká Castle . This place of execution was chosen because Zawisch's brother Vitiko II of Krumlov also refused to surrender the Hluboká nad Vltavou castle , which he held illegally.

His brothers Johann ( Henclinus ) von Skalitz and Budiwoj von Skalitz fled to Poland, where they died around 1300. The brothers Witiko and Wok von Krumau were allowed to keep their lands after negotiations with the king. After the death of Zawisch, they donated the villages of Ulrichschlag, Klein-Drasen and Hohenschlag to the Hohenfurt monastery for the salvation of his soul . Zawisch's body was buried in the family crypt in Hohenfurt Monastery. Subsequently, King Wenceslas assigned part of the Witigonischen land property to the Cistercian monastery Königssaal, which he founded .

family

  • Zawisch was married to a woman of unknown name who gave birth to a daughter whose name is also unknown. She married Heinrich von Kruschina von Lichtenburg ( Jindřich Krušina z Lichtenburka )
  • In his second marriage, Zawisch married the queen widow Kunigunde von Halitsch in May 1285 , but she died on September 9, 1285. With her he had the son Jan / Ješek († 1337), who was born three years before the wedding and who later became a crusader of the Teutonic Order .
  • After Kunigundes death, Zawisch married Elisabeth of Hungary on May 4, 1288 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Záviš z Falkenštejna  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Valentin Schmidt and Alois Picha: Document book of the city of Krummau in Bohemia . I. Volume. 1253-1419. Prague, 1908, p. 6
personal data
SURNAME Zawisch von Falkenstein
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Záviš z Falkenštejna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian nobleman from the Český Krumlov family branch of the Witigonen
DATE OF BIRTH around 1250
DATE OF DEATH August 24, 1290
Place of death Hluboká nad Vltavou