Mieszko II. (Opole-Ratibor)
Mieszko II. Of Opole-Ratibor (also Mesko II. Of Opole-Ratibor , Polish Mieszko II Otyły , Czech Měšek II. Opolsko-Ratibořský Otylý , Latin Mesico II Crassus ; * around 1220; † October 18 or October 22, 1246 ) was Duke of Opole - Ratibor from 1230 to 1246 .
Origin and family
Mieszko / Mesko came from the Opole branch of the Silesian Piasts . He was the firstborn son of Duke Casimir I of Ratibor-Opole and the Bulgarian duke's daughter Viola († September 7, 1251). Around 1238 he married Judith, a daughter of Duke Conrad I of Mazovia . The marriage remained childless.
Life
After Mieszko and his younger brother Wladislaus were minors when their father Casimir I died in 1230, Duke Heinrich I took over the guardianship of them. This enabled Heinrich to extend his power to all of Silesia again . In 1233 Heinrich transferred the areas of Ruda and Kalisch to Mieszko's widowed mother Viola and his younger brother Wladislaus for the aid he had provided with weapons in his struggles for supremacy in Greater Poland with Duke Władysław Odon .
After Heinrich's death in 1238, Mieszko took over the independent government of his Duchy of Opole-Ratibor. A year later, he gave the city of Casimir permission to settle Germans and in 1240 he allowed Makau to implement it under Neumarkt law . In 1241 he supported Duke Heinrich II in his fight against the Mongols . During the Kraków battles for the throne, which were triggered by the death of Duke Heinrich II. In 1241, Mieszko, with the support of his father-in-law Konrad von Masowien, succeeded in pushing the eastern borders of his duchy beyond Bytom and Sewerien into Kraków and closing them until his death in 1246 claim. Also in 1241 he granted the Breslau bishop various freedoms for the Steinau market and in 1243 the right to freely appoint a bailiff . After the area of Kalisch was recaptured by the Wielkopolska Duke Przemysław I in 1244, Mieszko assigned the castles of Teschen and Ratibor to his mother, Duchess Viola, as a widow's seat. Mieszko's brother Wladislaus became co-regent that same year. In 1246 Mieszko Mackau granted the privilege of holding a fair.
After his death Mieszko was buried in the church of the Racibórz Dominican monastery, which he had founded. His widow Judith received Tost Castle as a widow's seat in his will, but married Heinrich III in 1252 as a second marriage . from Wroclaw . Since Mieszko died without descendants, the reign of the Duchy of Opole-Ratibor passed to his brother Wladislaus.
literature
- Historical Commission for Silesia (Ed.): History of Silesia. Volume 1: Ludwig Petry , Josef Joachim Menzel, Winfried Irgang (eds.): From primeval times to the year 1526. 5th, revised edition. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1988, ISBN 3-7995-6341-5 , pp. 108, 111, 117, 135.
- Ulrich Schmilewski: Oppeln, dukes of .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , pp. 558 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 219, 307, 429, 516 and 538 as well as family table on pp. 596–597.
- Rudolf Žáček: Dějiny Slezska v datech. Nakladatelství Libri, Praha 2004, ISBN 80-7277-172-8 , pp. 43, 45, 46, 439 and 444.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mieszko II. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Mesko II of Opole-Ratibor; Mieszko II. Opole-Ratibor; Mieszko II of Upper Silesia; Mieszko II Otyły (Polish); Měšek II. Opolsko-Ratibořský Otylý (Czech); Mesico II Crassus (Latin) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Opole and Ratibor (1230–1246) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1220 |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 18, 1246 or October 22, 1246 |