Battle of Kressenbrunn
Late medieval depiction of the battle from the Chronica Hungarorum
| date | July 1260 |
|---|---|
| place | Near Kressenbrunn, today Groißenbrunn |
| output | Decisive bohemian victory |
| Peace treaty | Peace of Vienna (1261) |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
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| Commander | |
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| Troop strength | |
| approx. 30,000–35,000 men | approx. 30,000-40,000 men |
| losses | |
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unknown |
10,000 dead |
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The Battle of Kressenbrunn was a victorious decisive battle of the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl over the Hungarians under King Béla IV. It was fought in July 1260 in the southeast of the Marchfeld near the village of Kressenbrunn, today Groißenbrunn in Lower Austria .
prehistory
The Hungarian kings wanted to stop the expansion of the Bohemian Empire under Ottokar II in the middle of the 13th century. From the spring of 1260 the Hungarian king allied himself with Daniel Romanowitsch of Galicia , the King of Galicia and the Grand Duke of Cracow Boleslav V. In addition, there were Serbs, Bulgarians, Wallachians and Greeks. Also, the Khan of the Tartars Burundaj sent his warriors. The army allegedly reached a strength of 30-40,000 men. The army strength of Ottokar, consisting of Bohemians, Moravians and Austrians and reinforced by troops of the margraves from Brandenburg, Meißen and associations from Silesia, was supposedly 30-35,000 men, including the armored riders. The Bohemian army is gathering near Laa an der Thaya in Lower Austria, on the border with Moravia.
Course of the battle
For a time both armies besieged each other on the border between Austria and Hungary, the Bohemians on the right and the Hungarians on the left of the March . Neither of the two kings wanted to cross the river for fear of disaster. Finally, Ottokar proposed to the Hungarian King Béla that one of the armies should be allowed to cross the river without being attacked by the enemy under knightly conditions. Some of the Bohemian soldiers withdrew deep into the country, as they initially did not expect an attack by the Hungarians.
Stephan , son of the Hungarian king, used this situation to attack and met the heavily armed Bohemian soldiers on horseback in the village of Kressenbrunn. Ottokar called back the resting groups. Under the leadership of the Prague burgrave Jaroš z Poděhuz, the mounted troops stormed towards the Hungarians. A short time later, the Bohemian Marshal Wok von Rosenberg and his men joined the fight. They repulsed the first attack by the Hungarians and Prince Stephan had to leave the field seriously wounded. After the rest of the Bohemian armies arrived, the Hungarian army fled. She allegedly lost 10,000 men in the field, many of whom drowned in the river.
consequences
On July 12, Béla offered peace negotiations. Ottokar received Styria in the Peace of Vienna in 1261 and to renew the peace it was decided to marry Ottokar to Kunigunde von Halitsch .
monument
In 2010, on the 750th anniversary of the battle, a memorial was dedicated to commemorate the battle. The memorial is located on the eastern edge of the community Groißenbrunn, on Schloßhofer Straße. The bronze plaque was designed and designed by Vladislav Plekanec .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bronze plaque commemorating the battle 750 years ago on groissenbrunn.at, accessed on May 3, 2015
literature
- Hermann Klima: The Battle of Groißenbrunn in 1260. Decision in Marchfeld. LIT, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-50149-3 ( table of contents , limited preview on Google Books ).