Wok from Rosenberg

Seal of the Rosenberg wok

Wok von Rosenberg (fresco from the 17th century at Hohenfurth Abbey )

Wok von Rosenberg (also wok I. von Rosenberg , Czech Vok z Rožmberka ; Vok I. z Rožmberka * to 1210 ; † 3. June 1262 in Graz ) was Supreme Marshal of the Czech Kingdom and Governor of Styria .

Life

Wok came from the Bohemian noble family of the Witigones . His parents were Witiko von Prčice and Blankenberg and Kunigunde von Schönhering . His father founded the Rosenberger family branch, and Wok was the first to use the predicate "von Rosenberg". He derived this from the Rosenberg Castle of the same name , which is said to have been built by him or his father after 1225.

He was first mentioned as "Woko de Rosenberch" on June 22, 1250 in a document from King Wenceslas I , with which he donated the St. Bartholomew Chapel of St. Vitus Cathedral to the Prague Cathedral Chapter . However, he was mentioned as early as 1246 in the rhyming book of princes, which the Viennese Jans der Enikel probably wrote between 1280 and 1290. It describes the battle of Laa an der Thaya , which took place on January 26, 1246 between the Austrian army of Frederick the Warrior and the Bohemian army under the leadership of Ulrich of Carinthia , the eldest son of the Carinthian Duke Bernhard von Spanheim , and one at the wok said to have worn magnificent armor. It is not known whether this poetry corresponds to historical facts.

On June 7, 1255, Wok was appointed Supreme Marshal of the Kingdom of Bohemia by the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl . In this position he had to accompany King Ottokar in the same year on his train against the pagan Pruzzen , with which the Teutonic Order should be supported. After the death of his father in 1256, Wok took over the functions of captain and district judge for the district above the Enns . In the same year he confirmed the abbot of Zwettl in Linz that the monastery salt was exempt from tolls.

In Ottokar's fighting over the imperial crown , an armed battle broke out on the Bohemian-Bavarian border near Burghausen in 1256 , in which Wok and his army were involved. On April 23, 1257 he testified to the protection and defense alliance concluded between Ottokar and the Passau bishop Otto von Lonsdorf . In August of the same year he fought with Ottokar against the Lower Bavarian Duke Heinrich XIII. Ottokar's army succeeded in advancing to Altfraunhofen , which is south of Heinrich's residence city of Landshut . With the support of his brother Ludwig , Heinrich Ottokar's armies were able to fight back in 1258 near Mühldorf am Inn . After the defeat, the king, Wok and other nobles fled to Mühldorf, which was then part of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, where they were trapped by the opponents. After nine days, they gave up the fight and were allowed to leave the city. In October 1258, Wok in Wels confirmed three documents from Ottokar for the Kremsmünster Abbey .

In 1260 Wok fought alongside Ottokar in the Battle of Kressenbrunn , in which the Bohemians and Styrians defeated the Hungarian King Bela IV . As a reward for his bravery, he was appointed judge of the land ob der Enns by King Ottokar in the same year and also received the rule of Raab ( Rakous in Czech ) as a hereditary fiefdom. On December 25, 1260 he was appointed Governor of Styria ( capitaneus Styrie ) by Ottokar II as the successor to Heinrich I of Liechtenstein . Because of various legal disputes, he held a court day ( Landtaiding ) in Marburg in July 1261 and another in Leoben in the autumn of the same year .

Wok founded Hohenfurth Abbey as early as 1259 . Tradition has it that he erected it in gratitude for his miraculous salvation from the floods of the Vltava . In 1262 he supported the German Order of Knights in Neuhaus , which had been called there by Heinrich I von Neuhaus before 1237 . Wok died in Graz on June 3, 1262. His body was transferred to Hohenfurth and buried in the family crypt of the monastery church that he had built. He was honored in the monastery necrologies .

Heir and successor was Wok's son Heinrich I von Rosenberg . The will drawn up by Wok was drawn up in Graz and dated June 4, 1262. Since its correctness is not in doubt, it is probably due to an error in the dating. The monasteries in Schlägl and Alttabor received testamentary donations . King Ottokar II transferred the office of the Styrian governor to the Olomouc Bishop Bruno von Schauenburg .

Foundations and possessions

Wok made a great contribution to the colonization of South Bohemia . In addition to the aforementioned Hohenfurth monastery, around which the town of Hohenfurth developed on the right bank of the Vltava , he founded Rosenthal in the Bohemian Forest. The village of Stradonice ( today Rožnov, part of Budweis ), founded by the Witigonen and later perished , expanded Wok to include the Novum Forum and donated both to the Hohenfurt Monastery. In the course of the expansion of the country into the Silesian-Moravian border forest , he built the castle Wogendrossel as a base in the north of Moravia , around which his son Heinrich founded the town of Prudnik before 1302 . After the death of his brother Witiko von Příběnice , Wok inherited the Příběnice rule .

Fakes and legends

Wok's governor of Carinthia is not documented. It was mentioned for the first time by the Rosenberg archivist Václav Březan and probably came about through falsifications that were made in Ulrich II's office during the reign of Ulrich II . The document dated June 23, 1264, with which Ottokar II. Wok and his descendants are said to have appointed the highest burgrave and the highest judge of the Kingdom of Bohemia and at the same time gave him the Sokolec Castle and the Přenice Fortress, is a forgery . Therefore, the other rights and privileges granted to the Rosenbergers with the deed do not correspond to the facts.

With another forged document dated November 14, 1264, Ottokar II is said to have placed the Goldenkron monastery under the protection of Wok and his descendants and granted him hunting rights for the monastery lands. These facts are said to have been confirmed by the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg with a document dated September 17, 1333. This document was later recognized relatively easily by historians as a forgery. The forgers obviously missed the fact that at the time of the first document from 1264, Wok had been dead for two years. Because of the forged documents, however, the archivist Václav Březan assumed that the Rosenbergs were the founders of the monastery. He disseminated this assumption with the summary excerpt he wrote in 1609 from his Rosenberger Chronicle, which has not survived. The real founder of the monastery was the Bohemian King Ottokar II, who probably wanted to hinder the expansion of the Rosenbergs by founding the monastery, whose lands extended to the Rosenberg estates. In contrast, it is certain that the monastery suffered from the Rosenbergs. Ulrich II appropriated it during the Hussite Wars and was not ready to return it and therefore forged two further documents.

family

Wok was married to Hedwig ( Hedvika ze Schaunberka ), widow of Heinrich von Kuenring . Their parents were Heinrich von Schaunberg and Hailwig von Plain . The sons came from the marriage with Wok:

• Heinrich I von Rosenberg († 1310)
• Witiko VI. von Rosenberg († 1277)

After Wok's death, Hedwig married Friedrich von Stubenberg , with whom she lived in Styria, for the third time . In 1300 she received from her son Heinrich the lifelong usufruct of Eibenstein and Plessberg in Austria and Stopnitz in Bohemia. She died on February 13, 1315 and was buried in the collegiate church in Rein .

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Rosenberg, wok from . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 27th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1874, p. 13 ( digital copy ).
• J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. Department 5: Upper Austrian nobility. Volume 4, half 1. Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1885, pp. 301–304.
• Matthäus Klimesch (Ed.): Norbert Heermann 's Rosenberg'sche Chronik. Publishing house of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, Prague 1897.
• Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 353 f.
• Jörg K. Hoensch : Přemysl Otakar II of Bohemia. The golden king. Styria, Graz et al. 1989, ISBN 3-222-11910-4 , pp. 59 f., 70, 111, 116, 118f., 124, 133.
• Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places. Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 195, 440, 666.
• Annemarie Enneper:  Rosenberg, von (Bohemian noble family). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 57 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Anna Kubíková: Rožmberské kroniky. Krátky a summovní výtah od Václava Březana . Veduta, České Budějovice 2005, ISBN 80-86829-10-3 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Entry about Raabs on Burgen-Austria
2. ^ František Teplý: Dějiny města Jindřichova Hradce. Dílu 1, svazek 1: Od nejstarší doby až do vymření rodu pánů z Hradce. Obec Hradecká, Jindřichův Hradec 1927, p. 66.