Hrušov (Ostrava)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hrušov
Coat of arms of Hrušov
Hrušov (Ostrava) (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Moravskoslezský kraj
District : Ostrava-město
Municipality : Ostrava
Area : 421 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 52 '  N , 18 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '37 "  N , 18 ° 18' 14"  E
Residents : 2,600 (2011)
Postal code : 711 00
License plate : T
traffic
Next international airport : Ostrava Airport

Hrušov ( German Hruschau , Polish Gruszów , Hruszów ) is a former small town, now a district in the Slezská Ostrava district of the city of Ostrava in the Czech Republic , east of the confluence of the Ostravice into the Oder .

Former town hall

history

The place is one of the oldest places in the historical landscape of Teschener Silesia and was signed with the village Bogun ( Oderberg ) around 1260 in the border treaty (in literature it was dated between 1256 and 1261) between Duke Wladislaus I of Opole-Ratibor and the Bohemian King Ottokar II as villam Grussene , a village on the Silesian-Opole side of the border, first mentioned in a document.

Politically, it was in the Polish castellany of the city of Teschen , across from Moravia (it was only later that the Přemyslid duchy of Opava was considered part of Upper Silesia ). In 1290 the Duchy of Teschen was established , the first Duke Mieszko I on August 2, 1297, together with the Olomouc Bishop Theoderich von Neuhaus, who confirmed the border on the Ostravitza. Two documents were issued on both sides, in which the area on the right bank was called Poland in Latin ( super metis et terminie apud Ostraviam in minibus buno rum ducatus nostri et episcopatus Olomucensis pro eo, quod fluvius idem qui de beret metas Polonie et Moravie distingire) . The border lost its importance in 1327 when the Duchy of Teschen came under the sovereignty of the Crown of Bohemia , but the ecclesiastical border between the Diocese of Breslau and the Diocese of Olomouc existed on the Ostravice until 1978.

The place was mentioned about 1305 in the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis ( tenth register of the diocese of Breslau ) for the second time as an item in Grussow . At this time the village was probably transferred to German law (the Schulzenamt in Gruschow or Grussow was confirmed in 1332 ), but the number of hooves has not yet been specified in the tithe register . The most likely original topographical name is derived from pears (Polish grusza , Czech hrušeň ), it is less likely that the first mention was a property-indicating name (the suffix -ów, which was always used afterwards) after the personal name Grusza . From the 13th and especially the 14th century, the spiralization at the place of the letter g became one of the linguistic properties best recognizable in old, especially Latin and German-language sources, which the Moravian-Lachish toponyms (h> g) from Polish- Silesian (g> h) difference and the place was due to the linguistic border between the Moravian-Lachish and Polish-Silesian Teschen dialects, which was certified much later . After the introduction of the Czech official language in the Kingdom of Bohemia and around 1430 in the Duchy of Teschen , the place names with g appeared in Czech-language documents in the area of ​​the Polish-Silesian dialect , but Hrušov was consistently named with H in the name (1427 still Greysaw , 1447 wse zemanske (...) Hrussowie ).

In 1427 Greysaw belonged to a certain Herbord , in 1447 to Duke Boleslaus II , in 1481 Hrussowi was owned by Mikuláš Kropáč and from 1568 in the Sedlnitzky von Choltitz family , since 1704 it belonged to the Wilczek von Dobra Zemica family , who passed it to the rulership in 1714 Affiliated by Polish Ostrava .

A Roman Catholic church was built before the Reformation and in 1652 it was first mentioned as a ruined branch church in Russow or Hrussow owned by the Lutherans in the report of the episcopal visitation from Wroclaw . After the death of Duchess Elisabeth Lukretias in 1653, the Teschen branch of the Silesian Piast family died out and the duchy fell as a settled fiefdom to the Crown of Bohemia, which had owned the House of Habsburg since 1526 . The Habsburgs initiated the re-Catholicization of the subjects. In 1654 a Habsburg special commission gave 49 churches and one chapel back to the Catholics, but not the branch church in Hrušov. In 1672 the wooden church belonged to the Roman Catholic and Moravian-speaking parish in Polish Ostrava.

After the First Silesian War (1742), Hrušov became a border town in Austrian Silesia . In the description of Teschener Silesia by Reginald Kneifl in 1804, Hruschau was a village under the rule of Polish-Ostrava of Count Joseph Wlczek in the Teschner Kreis , on the Prussian border on the Oder in the plain where the road from Polish-Ostrava to Oderberg led described. The village had 32 houses with 220 Silesian-Moravian residents. After the abolition of patrimonial it was initially incorporated with Muglinov to the municipality of Heřmanice in the Friedek district , from 1866 an independent municipality in the Freistadt district founded in 1868 .

First Austrian soda factory, 1855

The mining of hard coal began in 1838 and in 1847 a train station was opened on the Kaiser Ferdinands-Nordbahn , which initiated the rise of the place, including immigration from German-speaking countries. In 1851 the first Austrian soda factory was founded in Hruschau. The number of inhabitants rose to 1278 by 1869, then to 1888 by 1880 (1566 with registration) and by 1910 already 7922 (7508). From 1886 to 1893 a new brick church was built, from 1898 the seat of a new parish in the Karvin Deanery, where Jan Mrkva became the first pastor of the Czechs. In 1880 the German-speaking residents were in the majority for the last time (810, 51.7%), by 1900 their number had fallen to 38.4%, but thanks in part to the often German-speaking Jews who built a synagogue in 1908 In 1910, German was the colloquial language of 47.7% of the residents. In the 1870s and 1880s, a large influx of workers into the Ostrau-Karwiner coal and industrial area began, mainly cheap workers from Galicia . The Poles called the place Hruszów, but also Gruszów and in 1880 made up 6.3% (98 people) of the local residents, but their number continued to increase from 14.5% in 1890 to 36.6% in 1900. In the early In the 20th century a national conflict broke out between Poles and Czechs. The Czech activists aimed to stop the trend of the decline in the Czech population (from 42% in 1880 to 25% in 1900). On January 1, 1904, 7 traditional Czech-speaking municipalities in the Oderberg judicial district in the Freistadt district were separated to create the new Polish Ostrava judicial district in the Friedek district. In the same year the first 3.1 km tram line in the industrial area between Mährisch Ostrau and the soda factory in Hruschau was opened. On September 12, 1908, it was raised to a market town . In 1910 the new market town had an area of ​​390 hectares, 337 buildings with 7922 inhabitants, 7508 of them with a registration - only these were asked about their colloquial language: 3585 (47.7%) were German, 2429 (32.4%) Polish - and 1487 (19.8%) Czech-speaking; 7502 (94.7% of the total city population) were Roman Catholics, 182 (2.3%) Protestants, 197 (2.5%) Jews, 41 (0.5%) other faiths.

Local church

After the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy , the area of ​​Cieszyn Silesia was controversial. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territorial Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Hrušov, like the entire Friedek district , should belong to Czechoslovakia. On the Czech side, also behind the Ostrawitza in Moravia, there remained tens of thousands of Poles, mostly Galician immigrants, over 20% of the population of the Polish judicial district of Ostrava. Unlike the altansässigen Wasserpolaken from the area of Cieszyn Silesian dialect they were still illiterate for the most part and in comparison to the enlightened Poland in accordance with the Czechoslovak Polish border war arose region Olsagebiet they tschechisierten relatively quickly (in the census in 1921 already only 877 or 1.9% data of Polish nationality in the whole judicial district). A trace of them are the numerous surnames in the Polish spelling.

In 1938 it became the most northerly Czech border town, on the border with Germany behind the Oder in the northwest ( Koblov , then Koblau in the Hultschiner Ländchen ) and with Poland in the northeast ( Vrbice, then Wierzbica in the Olsa area , on Wierzbica also a few hectares of wasteland from Hrušov connected). From 1939 in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . The parish became one of the 17 parishes of the Archdiocese of Wroclaw in the Protectorate.

Žižkova Street

In 1919 the incorporation into Moravian Ostrava was considered to create "Greater Ostrava", as well as the incorporation of 4 communities east of Ostravice with Hrušov to Silesian Ostrava to make a rival city to Moravian Ostrava. However, the small town of Hruschau was not incorporated into Ostrau until July 1, 1941 under German occupation. The Soviets liberated it on April 30, 1945. After the Poles became Czech, the Jews were annihilated in the Holocaust , the Germans fled and were expelled, Hrušov became monocultural. Until 1960, Hrušov was an independent district with over 7000 inhabitants, later assigned to the Slezská Ostrava district. In 1973 the tram was replaced by trolleybuses . At that time, many buildings were demolished due to mountain damage, and Roma were relocated to other worn-out residential complexes . Trains no longer stopped at Hrušov station from 1979, the closure of the local mine in 1992 and the devastating Oder flood in 1997 reduced the district to 2,000 inhabitants, making it a derelict periphery of Ostrava. The soda factory destroyed by the Oder floods was demolished in 2008.

In 2018, 35 hectares were bought by a private investor. A new industrial zone is planned.

Local division

The district Hrušov consists of the basic settlement units Hrušovský rybník, Hrušov-střed, Marxův sad, Na Liščině, Orlovská and U hřbitova.

The district forms a cadastral district.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Hrušov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Katastrální území Hrušov: podrobné informace , uir.cz
  2. ^ Idzi Panic : Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 286, 294 (Polish).
  3. ↑ a b Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN  0208-6336 , p. 75 (Polish).
  4. ^ I. Panic, 2010, pp. 272, 400
  5. ^ Idzi Panic: Jak my ongiś godali. Język mieszkańców Górnego Śląska od średniowiecze do połowy XIX wieku [The language of the inhabitants of Upper Silesia in the Middle Ages and in modern times] . Avalon, Cieszyn-Kraków 2015, ISBN 978-83-7730-168-5 , p. 45 (Polish).
  6. ^ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 297-299 (Polish).
  7. ^ Wilhelm Schulte: Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis . Breslau 1889, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 110-112 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis. Retrieved August 24, 2014 (Latin).
  9. ↑ G. Mrózek, 1984, p. 311
  10. ^ Joseph Jungnitz (Red.): Publications from the Prince Bishop's Diocesan Archives in Breslau. Vol 2. Visit reports of the Diocese of Wroclaw. Archdeaconate Opole , Breslau, 1904, pp. 237, 565.
  11. ^ Jan Broda: Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim . Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski “Didache”, Katowice 1992, ISBN 83-8557200-7 , Materiały do ​​dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI and XVII wieku, p. 259-260 (Polish).
  12. ↑ Józef Londzin : kościoły drewniane na Śląsku Cieszyńskim . Cieszyn: Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra, 1932, p. 87. OCLC 297540848.
  13. ^ Reginald Kneifl: Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils von Schlesien , 2nd part, 1st volume: Condition and constitution, in particular of the Duchy of Teschen, Principality of Bielitz and the free minor class lords Friedeck, Freystadt, German people, Roy, Reichenwaldau and Oderberg . Joseph Georg Traßler, Brünn 1804, p. 215 ( e-copy )
  14. ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 288 (Polish, online ).
  15. ↑ Ludwig Patryn (ed): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia , Opava 1912.
  16. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky , uir.cz
  17. ↑ Část obce Hrušov Ostrava: podrobné informace , uir.cz