Ferdinand Hochstetter (anatomist)

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Bust of Hochstetter in the auditorium of the Austrian Academy of Sciences by Wilhelm Frass (1954)
The professors at the Medical University of Vienna, chalk drawing by Olga Prager, Vienna 1908–1910. In the Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna. Edmund von Neusser , Siegmund Exner-Ewarten , Isidor Schnabel , Ferdinand Hochstetter, Alfons Edler von Rosthorn , Anton Weichselbaum , Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli , Heinrich Obersteiner , Julius Wagner-Jauregg , Viktor von Ebner-Rofenstein , Carl Toldt , Gustav Riehl , Ottokar von Chiari , Anton von Frisch , Ernst Fuchs , Anton Freiherr von Eiselberg , Hans Horst Meyer , Ernst Ludwig , Rudolf Chrobak , Theodor Escherich , Alexander Kolisko , Julius von Hochenegg , Arthur Schattenfroh , Carl von Noorden , Emil Zuckerkandl , Richard Paltauf , Gustav Gärtner , Leopold Oser , Josef Moeller , Alois Monti , Julius Mauthner , Viktor Urbantschitsch , August Leopold von Reuss , Adolf von Strümpell , Ernest Finger , Adolf Lorenz , Friedrich Schauta

Ferdinand Hochstetter (born February 5, 1861 in Hruschau , Crown Land of Austrian Silesia , † November 10, 1954 in Vienna ) was an Austrian anatomist and an expert in the fields of comparative and systematic anatomy and comparative embryology.

Life

The son of Carl Christian Hochstetter (1818–1880) and Justine Elisabeth Bengough was already a demonstrator during their studies at the University of Vienna and since 1884 assistant to Carl Langer Ritter von Edenberg (1819–1887) at the Anatomical Institute, received his doctorate in 1885 and stood from 1887/88 until Emil Zuckerkandl was appointed as a supplement to the 1st Anatomical Institute. In 1888 he completed his habilitation there, became an associate professor in 1892, and in 1896 accepted an appointment as a full professor at the University of Innsbruck . Hochstetter returned to the University of Vienna in 1908 as head of the II. Anatomical Institute. He had been a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences since 1900 and a real member since 1911 .

In 1925, Hochstetter was elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . In 1928 he was elected a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . After his retirement in 1932, he continued his research in a laboratory at the former Medical Military Academy. Hochstetter dealt primarily with comparative anatomy and the development history of the great vessels, the heart and the brain, worked out new preparation methods and introduced preservation through paraffin impregnation and chrome plating.

The paraffin impregnation developed by him can also be used to preserve corpses . The preparation or the corpse is first fixed by injecting formalin with chlorine-zinc added through the arteries, and then completely dehydrated by treatment with alcohol with the addition of a dehydrating substance (annealed copper sulphate ). This part of the procedure is performed with increasing concentrations of alcohol and can take several months. The alcohol in the corpse is then displaced by an alcohol-soluble liquid, which must also be paraffin-soluble and anhydrous, and replaced by resins such as turpentine , xylene , benzene or chloroform . Instead of an infusion that remains liquid, paraffin liquefied in the heat is introduced and the tissue of the corpse is soaked in such a way that, after the paraffin has cooled and solidified, an indefinitely durable body is created. This method even allows the tissue to be examined histologically after any time. In addition, a corpse treated in this way is protected against the effects of weathering. It is said that this successful preservation technique is closely related to the process used on Lenin's corpse after 1924 . He was buried at the Grinzing cemetery .

From 1921 he continued the anatomical atlas for students and doctors of his predecessor in the chair, Carl Toldt (1840–1920). One of his students was Konrad Lorenz .

Publications (selection)

  • F. Hochstetter: Contributions to the history of the development of the European pond turtle (Emys lutaria Marsili). From the Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing House commissioned by Alfred Hölder, Vienna 1907. ( Digitalisat  - Internet Archive )
  • F. Hochstetter: Contributions to the development history of the human brain. 1st chapter. Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna 1919 ( digitized  - Internet Archive )
  • F. Hochstetter: Contributions to the development history of the human brain. Part 2. Deuticke, Leipzig and Vienna 1929
  • F. Hochstetter: Brief instruction on how to proceed most appropriately when dissecting whole corpses and severed limbs. Self-published around 1920.
  • F. Hochstetter (Ed.): Anatomical atlas for students and doctors. (3rd volumes) Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin 1921, 11th edition. (Editing until at least the 22nd edition)

literature

Web links

credentials

  1. ^ The faculty of the medical faculty of the University of Vienna, Vienna 1908-1910 . Photo credits: Collections of the Medical University of Vienna - Josephinum, picture archive; Associated personal identification .
  2. ↑ Member entry of Ferdinand Hochstetter at the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  3. ↑ Member entry by Ferdinand Hochstetter (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  4. ↑ Magdalena Hawlik-van de Water: The beautiful death. Ceremonial structures of the Viennese court at death and burial between 1640 and 1740 , Freiburg / Wien 1989, pp. 203–211 (on "The methods of embalming from antiquity to modern times").
  5. ↑ Grave site Christian Ferdinand Hochstetter , Vienna, Grinzinger Friedhof, Group MR, No. 11.
  6. ^ [1] , biography of Konrad Lorenz (Nobel Prize).
personal data
SURNAME Hochstetter, Ferdinand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian medic
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1861
PLACE OF BIRTH Hruschau (today part of Ostrava ), Crown Land of Austrian Silesia
DATE OF DEATH November 10, 1954
Place of death Vienna