Leopold Oser

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Leopold Oser, portrayed by Leopold Horovitz
Signature of Leopold Osers
Leopold Oser (2nd from left) on a visit to the sick, 1906

Leopold (Löb) Oser (born July 27, 1839 in Nikolsburg , Moravia , Austrian Empire ; died August 22, 1910 in Gainfarn near Vienna , Austria-Hungary ) was an Austrian physician . He was a full professor at the University of Vienna and, alongside Carl Anton Ewald from Berlin , was the first doctor to use a "soft stomach tube" instead of a rigid tube for gastroscopy .

biography

Leopold Oser was born as the son of the textile merchant Hermann Hirsch Oser and Amalia Maly Milka, née Pisk. From 1856 to 1861 Leopold Oser studied medicine at the University of Vienna; In 1862 he received his doctorate in medicine and surgery and received the Mag. Obstet. ( Magister obstetricis - obstetrician). He then worked in the Institute for Experimental Pathology under Salomon Stricker . He was a student of Josef von Škoda and Johann von Oppolzer , the founders of holistic diagnosis and therapy at the Second Vienna Medical School . Leopold Oser was married to Amélie (Chaja), née Hirsch (1852–1933), daughter of the Viennese art dealer Leopold Hirsch (died 1889) and Katharina Hirsch. He had five sisters, Julie, Josefine, Karoline, Therese and Regine, and four brothers, Adolf, Sigmund, Ludwig and Bernhard. Various newspaper articles reported that the married couple in Vienna led a lively social life. According to Oser's obituary, they had no children.

In 1909 Leopold Oser's 70th birthday was celebrated in the Rothschild hospital in the presence of governor Erich von Kielmansegg and the founder Albert Rothschild . He received a crown pension of 20,000 crowns , which he donated to the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien to support young doctors. He died the following year. His last words were immortalized on his tombstone in the Vienna Central Cemetery : “Don't forget my poor sick people!” A blessing in Hebrew that is typical for Jewish tombstones ( ת 'נ' צ 'ב' ה ', abbreviated for “His soul be bound into the bundle of life!”, cf. 1 Sam 25.29  EU ) concludes the inscription. The Illustrierte Österreichische Journal wrote on the occasion of his death: “His urban, unsophisticated nature and his endeavor to encourage and encourage schoolchildren brought the now immortalized person with the greatest sympathy. The sick, to whom he was always a helpful comforter in his kind heart, adored him. "

Scientific career

The department heads of the General Polyclinic in Vienna around 1885.
From left, seated:
Alois Monti , Johann Schnitzler , Robert Ultzmann , Jakob Hock , Samuel Siegfried Karl von Basch ;
Standing from left:
August Leopold von Reuss , Emil Stoffella , Wilhelm Winternitz , Leopold Oser, Anton von Frisch , Hans von Hebra , Ludwig Fürth , Moriz Benedikt , Viktor Urbantschitsch , Max Herz , Anton Wölfler , Ludwig Bandl
Gastroscopy / esophagoscopy with a rigid tube in 1896, despite the introduction of the flexible stomach tube by Oser in 1875; About the technique of esophagoscopy, Wiener Klin. Weekly (No. 6 and 7, 1896)
Leopold Oser marked in the professorships of the Medical University of Vienna, 1908-1910 in the Dean's office of the medical faculty of the University of Vienna. Edmund von Neusser , Siegmund Exner-Ewarten , Isidor Schnabel , Ferdinand Hochstetter , Alfons Edler von Rosthorn , Anton Weichselbaum , Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli , Heinrich Obersteiner , Julius Wagner-Jauregg , Viktor von Ebner-Rofenstein , Carl Toldt , Gustav Riehl , Ottokar von Chiari , Anton von Frisch , Ernst Fuchs , Anton Freiherr von Eiselberg , Hans Horst Meyer , Ernst Ludwig , Rudolf Chrobak , Theodor Escherich , Alexander Kolisko , Julius von Hochenegg , Arthur Schattenfroh , Carl von Noorden , Emil Zuckerkandl , Richard Paltauf , Gustav Gaertner , Leopold Oser, Josef Moeller , Alois Monti , Julius Mauthner , Viktor Urbantschitsch , August Leopold von Reuss , Adolf von Strümpell , Ernest Finger , Adolf Lorenz , Friedrich Schauta
Bust of Leopold Oser in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna; Photo: Franz Pfluegl

After completing his doctorate, Oser worked as a secondary doctor at the Vienna General Hospital for five years . From 1866 he headed the local cholera department . He worked as a department head at the General Polyclinic Vienna , of which he was co-founder in 1872 along with eleven other doctors, including Heinrich Auspitz , Carl von Rokitansky , Johann Schnitzler , Robert Ultzmann and Wilhelm Winternitz . It was primarily intended for the training of doctors and the care of poorer patients and was financed by the founders and later also from donations. The novelty of the Vienna Polyclinic was that efforts were made to cover the entire range of medical subjects, while foreign polyclinics were always geared towards individual medical fields. It was the first of its kind in Europe.

In 1872 Oser completed his habilitation , and in the same year he was appointed primary physician in the newly opened hospital of the Israelite religious community , which he headed until his death. Cholera broke out in Vienna due to the large number of visitors to the World Exhibition in 1873 and the inadequate sewer system . So it was no coincidence that Oser did pioneering work in the field of cholera treatment. In 1872 he was appointed to the department head of the General Polyclinic , and from 1873 he was a full member of the Lower Austrian Provincial Health Council , of which he was chairman from 1905. On October 15, 1885, he became an associate professor for internal medicine at the Medical University of Vienna and in 1902 was appointed professor with the title of full professor .

In 1896 he became co-editor of the journal Archive for Digestive Diseases, newly founded by Ismar Boas , including metabolic pathology and dietetics, together with leading internists from international university clinics who at that early point in time had dealt with digestive and metabolic diseases and had published some monographs on them. After a short time, it was one of the leading and internationally recognized publications in gastroenterology and still exists today under the name Digestion, International Journal of Gastroenterology .

In 1907 Leopold Oser became a member of the board of trustees of the Nathaniel Freiherr von Rothschild Foundation for the Mentally Ill . Oser was a member of the Vienna Medical School and was awarded the honorary title of Hofrat .

Oser's stomach tube

Oser specialized in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and was considered to be "the only and best gastric specialist in Austria". His major contribution in this area was the introduction of a flexible stomach tube instead of a rigid tube, which the gastroenterologist Adolf Kussmaul had developed in 1867, during a gastroscopy ("gastroscopy") in 1875 . (Kussmaul had the idea while observing a sword swallower .) This was preceded by the development of Charles Goodyear , who invented the process of vulcanization in 1839 and was thus able to produce elastic rubber . This flexible stomach tube conformed better to the human anatomy and was able to both alleviate the inconvenience of the examination and enable the doctor to analyze gastric function. In addition, a dangerous perforation of the esophagus or the stomach, which often occurred with rigid gastroscopy and which was often fatal, was prevented. According to an obituary, this achievement was not recognized accordingly and this innovation was later awarded to other doctors or Oser was not even mentioned. Around the same time, the Berlin doctor Carl Anton Ewald had also introduced this new method for probing the stomach, a method for the systematic examination of gastric secretion and stomach contents. It was not until 90 years later, in 1957, that the first fully flexible gastroscope found its way into gastroscopy, an invention by gastrologist Basil Isaac Hirschowitz and his technical director L. Curtiss, using fiberglass optics .

Oser and the Hungarian-Austrian, gynecologist but working in Vienna as a private lecturer Wilhelm Schlesinger (1839-1896) made the innervation of the uterus the subject of their investigations and had 1872 an excitation center in the medulla oblongata after that at the transition of the central nervous system to Spinal cord is located. They also tried to determine experimentally the triggering of uterine movements when the blood was overloaded with carbon dioxide.

Honors

Publications (selection)

  • with Albert Eulenburg : Encyclopedia of Whole Medicine.
  • The diseases of the pancreas in the manual of special pathology and therapy by Hermann Nothnagel 1898. Reprint 2013: Nabu-Verlag, ISBN 978-1-293-43655-4 .
  • with Wilhelm Schlesinger: Experimental studies on uterine movements . 1873.
  • About the mechanical treatment of gastric diseases. 1875.
  • Report on typhus. 1876.
  • About intestinal syphilis. 1875, 1880.
  • About causes of stomach enlargement. 1881.
  • with Johann von Mikulicz : About gastroscopy. 1881.
  • About abnormal sensations in the stomach. 1884.
  • The neuroses of the stomach and their treatment. Urb. & Schw., Vienna / Leipzig 1885; from Vienna. Clinic. 4,333.
  • The diseases of the pancreas. In: Pathology special therapy (English) (Volume 18).
  • Pathology and therapy of cholera. 1887.
  • On the pathology of intestinal stenosis. 1890.

literature

  • Walter Zweig: Leopold Oser † .
  • Julius Mannaberg: Leopold Oser on his 70th birthday Birthday. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 1909, issue 43.

Web links

Commons : Leopold Oser  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Different dates of birth are given in historical documents. On the tombstone and in most sources it is July 27th. See also Österreichische Zeitung 1909 for his 70th birthday . In a few other sources (compare Geni.com) July 24th or July 31st is also given.
  2. ↑ Birth register, Židovská náboženská obec Mikulov, Rejstřík (z roku 1913) k matrikám, NOZ 1762 - 1912, I. část: narození, N 1762 - 1912, písmena J - Q , Jewish Museum, Prague. P. 335. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  3. ^ Death notice Leopold Hirsch . In: New Free Press . October 11, 1889, p. 13.
  4. ↑ Bernhard Oser obituary .
  5. ↑ a b c d Oser's obituary notice
  6. ^ Dedication to Leopold Oser . In: Jüdische Volksstimme , June 16, 1910, p. 4.
  7. ^ Illustration of the gravestone inscription by Leopold Oser.
  8. ↑ Hofrat Professor Dr. Leopold Oser † . In: Illustrierter Oesterreichisches Journal , September 1, 1910, p. 3.
  9. ^ The faculty of the medical faculty of the University of Vienna, Vienna 1908-1910 . Photo credits: Collections of the Medical University of Vienna - Josephinum, picture archive; Associated personal identification .
  10. ↑ a b c Leopold Oser in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  11. ↑ a b c d Hofrat Professor Dr. Leopold Oser. In:  Illustrated Austrian Journal , September 1, 1910, p. 3 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / oij
  12. ↑ 100 years DGVS , German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, p. 77. Retrieved on July 4, 2020
  13. ^ Gastroscopy , surgery online. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  14. ↑ Zweig, Leopold Oser † .
  15. ^ Carl Anton Ewald . In: 100 Years DGVS , p. 26.
  16. ↑ Mathias Großer, The behavior of serum electrolytes, renal retention parameters and osmolality during colonoscopy preparation with polyethylene glycol 4000 as well as its compatibility, acceptance and cleanliness , dissertation, 2014, Technical University of Munich, p. 14.
  17. ↑ Oser and Schlesinger, Experimental investigations on uterine movements, Med. Jahrb. 1872, p. 57.
  18. ^ Mitchell G. Ash, Josef Ehmer: University - Politics - Society . Vienna University Press, June 17, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8470-0413-4 , p. 118.
personal data
SURNAME Oser, Leopold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oser, Löb
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Viennese doctor and professor
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1839
PLACE OF BIRTH Nikolsburg , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH August 22, 1910
Place of death Gainfarn near Vienna